The  only  Transcontinental  Line  Pass= 
ing  Directly  Through 

LAKE  CITY 


GREAT 

SALT  LAKE 
ROUTE 


It  reaches*  all  the  Gold  and  Silver 
Camps  of 


and  the  promising  placers  of  the  Green,  Colorado  and 

.  Grand  Rivers. 


For  °amph/ets,  £fc.,  send  2  Cents  in  Postage  to 

D.  C.  DODGE,  S.  H.  BABCOCK, 

Vice-Prest.  &  Qen'l  Manager.  Traffic  Manager 

F.   A.    WADLEIGH,  GEN  L  PASS.  AGT.,  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 


ItOflDON  GUARANTEE 

AND  -  <—  r~-*> 

ACCIDENT  COJVIPANV 

LIMITED. 


A.  W,  MASTcRS, 

Resident  Manager 
for  United  States. 


WRITES 


Employer's  Ciability, 
Ciability, 


li?surai?ee 


Elevator, 

Seams, 

Individual  peeide^t,     / 

Also  Bonds  Guaranteeing  the  Honesty  of  Employes. 


H0Set0,  $1,500,000, 


on  eacb  policy 


LOSSES  ALL  SETTLED  AND  PAID  HERE. 


PACIPIG  G0AST 


R.  W.  SLOAN,  Resident  Mgr. 


©ffices  :- 


406*7  /IfccGornicfc 

Salt  Xafce  Cit^t 

Tlltab. 


42  1  California  St.  , 

San  ^francieco, 

Calitotnia. 


A  HAND  B00K 


ON  THE  . 


AND 


2F..1 

UTKH. 


BY    H.   \V.    B.    KANTNER. 


PUBLISHED  AND    COPYRIGHTED    BY 

R.    W.    SLOA.IN, 

SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


c  T.  HARTE,  Publisher. 

'  ;> 

» K 1 7  <^- 

^be  onl$  flOinino  3ournal 
publisbeb  in  Tfltab*  ^  ^  ^ 


All  Important  Mining  News  of  the 
Week,  Mining  Stock  Market,  Ore 
and  Bullion  and  General  Mining 
Information.  ^  &  «M 


1Ft  presents  tbe  IRews  in  Con5enseD  jform  an& 
*  'Booms' '  no  IHnworttn?  Project* 


,  $2;    6    P<>l*THS£l;   THRHB    1VIO|MTHS,  5Oe. 

CITY, 


.  Bancroft  Library 


JOB 


Leading 
Book  House 

of  the 

State*- 


BOOK 


School  and 
Office 

Stationery  and 
Supplies* 

SALT  LA  KE  CITY  AND  OGDE  N  ,  UTAH 


MOSES  THATCHER,  Prest. 


G.  W.  THATCHER,  Manager. 


OUR 


BRAND 


Remember  the  Big  T. 

SALT  LAKE  CITY  DEPT.: 
PEOPLE'S  FORWARDING  CO.,  No.  35  Main  Street 


lifaft. 


li}dex  to 


PAGE. 

A  GRKAT  COPPER  PROPERTY  293 

ALTA  DISTRICT 103 

A  NINETEENTH  CENTURY  WONDER .' .1  217 

A  VALUABLE  PUBLICATION 12 

BEAVER  COUNTY  .284 

BECK'S  HOT  SPRINGS 843 

BIG  COTTON  WOOD  DISTRICT  333 

The  Wautunka ......'.. 333 

BINGHAM  COPPER  BELT  ...  220 

BINGHAM  PLACER  MINES  ...  221 

AbeLlnooln .J  231    Jupiter          ...I.,. 236-244 

All's  Well : 231    Julia  Dean 236-246 

Agnes  and  Dana  ....  231    Last  Chance  Group 236  246 

Antelope  281    Lena    .  .*.„.. 237 

Amazon 231    Leona     .     „....„ 237 

Alfarata  ...281    Lone  Tree  237 

Arropean Group  233    Mayflower..  237 

Badger 233    Miner's  Dreain 242 

Butterfleld  Mining  Co 233    May  Queen  ...  242 

Burning  Moscow 233    Minnie 242 

Bingham  Tunnel  Co.  222    Montezuma  242-247 

Bingham  Copper  Co 227    Nast-Benton  Group 242-247 

Chicago   233    Niagara 'Group   238 

Clyde Il'lllj.. 233    Northern  Light 238-247 

Clyde  No,  2  283  Old  Jordan  and  Galena  238-247 

Clyde  No.  3  :. 233    Opulent 238-237 

Cuba  233    Old  Telegraph 238-237 

Conger 233    Faruell 239 

Cleveland 245    Petro 239 

Cramp  and  Yellow  Metal 245    Phoenix  Group  239 

Croff   246    Pride  of  the  Valley 239 

Crown  Point 247    Royal 239 

Dalton  and  Lark    233    Ruby  Native    239 


6  INDEX    TO  CONTENTS. 

BINGHAM  PLACER  MINES,    (Continued) : 

Dalton  and  Lark 224    Silver  Star 239 

Emma  Copper 235    The  1889 240 

Evergreen 235    Scottish  Chief  240 

Eda     246    Thrush 240 

Flambeau 235    Turngren  Group    240 

Frisco  Mining  and  Milling  Co.  243    Unlimited  Group   240 

Grant  Group 235    Venus 240 

Green  Grove 235    Wasatch 240 

Greely  Group 235    Winnemuck  Group 2il 

Greek  Group 186    York 241 

Harrison 236    Yosemite 241 

Julia  S 236.244    B.  B.  Quinn 248 

BOX  ELDER  COUNTY  108 

CACHE  AND  RICH  COUNTIES  103 

CHARACTER  OF  VEINS  IN  WEST  MOUNTAIN    DISTRICT 220 

COAL  AND  COKE 59 

COLORS  OF  PRECIOUS  METAL  ORES 54 

COLONEL  PAT  DONAN 280 

CONTENTS 5-10 

C.  L.  DIGNOWITY  248 

DAVIS  COUNTY 256 

DEEP  CREEK  DISTRICT 196 

Aurum  District 203    Muncy  District 205 

Clifton  District 201    Minor  Districts 207 

Cherry  Creek  District 207     Pierpoint  District 205 

Dugway  District 202    Schellbourne  District 204 

Detroit  District  203    Sprucemont  District 206 

Dolly  Varden  District 206    Utah  and  Galena 198 

Glencoe  District 204    Vulcan  and  Cactus 200 

Kinsley  District 206    White  Cloud  District... 204 

EARLY  SMELTERS  AND  FLUXES 346 

HARDSCRABBLE  342 

INTRODUCTORY 11 

IRON 59 

LIXIVIATION  TREATMENT 125  209 

MANUFACTURING  MINERALS 86 

MAP  OF  CAMP  FLOYD    122-3 

MARYSVALE  DISTRICT 334 

The  Crystal  335 

MEANING  OF  16  TO  1 96 


INDEX  TO   CONTENTS. 


MEANING  OF  FREE  AND  UNLIMITED  COINAGE 215 

MECHANICAL  PREPARATION  OF  ORES 112 

MERCUR  CAMP 136 

MERCUR  GEOLOGICAL  FORMATION 135 

MERCUR  MINERALS  134 

MERCUR  :Camp  Floyd)  DISTRICT 131 

Annie  Mining  and  Milling  Co.  150    Jones  Bonanza 161 

Anderson  Gold  Mining  Co 156 

Buddee  Group 148 

Bonanza  No  2  Group 161 

Brickyard  Gold  Mining  Co 165 

Camp  Floyd  Locations 187 

Cannon  Company 174 

Cedar  Fort  District 178 

Dexter  Group 158 

De  Lamar's  Properties 

Eagle  (North  End) Ifi2 

East  Golden  Gate  Mining  Co,.. .166    Old  Fred 161 

Gold  Point  Claims  at  Sunshine  1>3    Pacific  Group 181 

Golden  Seals  Mining  Co 156    Rover  Mining  Co 157 

Glencoe  Group 159 

Gold  Bug 161 

Geyser 165 

Golden  Gate  Extension 177 

Gold  Coin  Group 178 

Gold  Belt  Water  Co. 182 

Herschel  Mining  Co 140 

Hillside  Gold  Mining  Co 159    Salt  Lake  &  Mercur  R 

Hecla  Gold  Mining  Co 160    Wonder  Gold  Mining  Co. 

Juno-Mento — 160    W.  C,  B.  Allen 

MINING  BY  ELECTRICITY 89 

MINING  INCORPORATIONS  OF  UTAH  17 

MINING  LAWS,  NATIONAL  AND  STATE 61 

MINING  PARLANCE 49 

MR.  JOHN  BECK  191 

MR.  TIM  J,  DRISCOLL  .'.....I... 330 

MT,  NEBO  LAND  AND  IRRIGATION  COMPANY 188 

NEW  FIRE  CLAY  AND  COAL  DISCOVERIES 253 

NEWTONCDI8TRICT 287 

OPHIR,  STOCKTON,  DRY  CANYON 841 

PEEPSTONErDISTRICT 177 


Little  Pittsburg 161 

Laura  K.  and  Sue  N 181 

Malvern  Gold  Mining  Co.  144 

Midland  Group 158 

Mollie  Gibson ...162 

Marion 163 

Mercur 163 

Mercur  Mammoth 176 

Mrrcur  Gold  Dust  Min.  Co.  .180 
Overland  Goll  Mining  Co.  151 


Reind««»r ...  160 

Red  Cloud 162 

Sunshine  Gold  Mine  AM. Co. 139 


Silver  Lode  M.  AM.  Co.  . 

Songbird 

Sacramento  

Searchlight  Gold  M.  Co. 


158 
162 
.  165 
.176 
.184 
.146 
..181 


8 


INDEX  TO   CONTEMTS. 


PIONEER  AND  RECENT  MINING  CAMPS 102 

PREAMBLE 97 

PRECIOUS  MATERIALS  IN  UTAH  57 

PRODUCTION  OF  PRECIOUS  MKTALS  FOR  1895   60 

PROSPECTOR'S  ASSAYS 44 

RLJH-CACHE  MINES 104 

RIO  GRANDE  WESTERN  RAILWAY    93 

ROBERTS' HOUSE   248 

SALT    INDUSTRY 109 

SAN  FRANCISCO  DISTRICT    288 

SANPETE  COUNTY  259 

SILVER  COINAGE  AND  WEALTH  OF  THE  WORLD    251 

SMELTERS  AND  SAMPLERS  127 

STATE  LINE  DISTRICT 342 

STATISTICS  OF  UTAB 55 

SUMMIT  COUNTY    260 

Anchor  262    Keith  and  Kearns 262 

Alliance  .....262 

Comstock 267 

Crescent 262 

Creole 265 

Daly  271 

Daly-West 262 

Glenco '.:. 264 

Jupiter 264 

SUNDOWN  &  LA  PLATA  MINES 106 

SUNSHINE  CAMP 137 

SUNSHINE  GOLD  MINING  AND  MILLING  CO 139 

THE  SANITARIUM 338 

TINTIC  MINING  DISTRICT  295 


Lucky  Bill 269 

Morgan  264 

Ontario  Mine  and  Mill  .271-276 

Park  City 260 

Silver  King  262 

Valeo 265 

Woodside 262 


At  Diamond  307 

Ajax 321 

Bullion -Beck  and  Champion. ..309    Hotel  Mammoth 

Black  Dragon 324 

Centennial  Eureka 314 

Dagmar  M.  &  M.  Co. 328 

Eureka  Hill  and  Gemini  318 

Grand  Central 317 

Godiva 324 

TOOELE  COUNTY  339 

Blue  Mountain  District 340 


Homestake  307 

Humbug 324 

..327 

In  Silver  City 306 

Mammoth  320 

North  Tintic 309 

North  Tintic  Consolidated  326 

Star  Consolidated 325 

Utah  and  Sioux 312 


INDEX   RO   CONTENTS. 

UINTAH  COUNTY 337 

UNION  PACIFIC  RAILWAY 185 

UTAH  LIFE  INSURANCE  CO 211 

UTAH  MINERAL  SPRINGS 344 

VALUABLE  HINTS  TO  PROSPECTORS  AND  MINERS 42 

WASHINGTON  COUNTY 257 

WEST  MOUNTAIN  MINING  DISTRICT 218 


ADVERTISEMENTS 


Bird  &  Lowe— Land  and  Min- 
ing Attorneys 138 

Brown,  Terry  A  Woodruff  Co. 
— Haberdashers  &  Laun- 
dry   155 

Cunnington  Company— Hard  • 
ware,  Groceries  and  Min- 
ers Supplies ;...... 62 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul 

Railway 72 

Co-Operative  Wagon  &  Ma- 
chine Company  130 

Dr.  C.  W.  Higgins— Microsco- 
pic and  Analytic  Physi- 
cian   ?55 

Denver  &  Rio  Grande  Railroad  323 
E.L.  Sheets— Mining  Broker  ..270 

F.   M.  Bishop— Assayer 72 

Frazer  &  Chalmers— Mining  & 
Metallurgical  Machinery ....  213 

Felix  J.  Stark— Broker  16 

Geo.  M.  Scott  &  Co— Hardware 

and  mine  Supplies 62 

Godbe  Pitts  Drug  Co 315 

Geo.  Q.  Cannon  &  Sons  Co 3 

H.J.  Dininny,  Lawyer  62-341 

Inter-Mountain  Mining  Review  4 

John  McVicker— Assayer  114 

J,  W,  Currie— Assayer 121 


London     Guarantee    and 
Accident   Co.   Limited 

—Insurance— page  2 

London  Guarantee  and  Ac- 
cident Co.  .....".. •.:!:;. 52 

O.   R.  Young— Civil  Engi- 
neer—     *:..  .1 817 

R.  H.  Officer  A  Co— Assay  ers  72 
RoessierA  Hasslacher  Chem- 
ical Co.— Cyanide 330 

Rio  Grande  Western  Rail- 
way Company 1 

Salt  lAike  Herald Ill 

Salt  Lake  Tribune 214 

The  Silver  Hotel     *  ..333 

The  Keeley  Institute  195 

The  Roberts  House—  Bing- 

ham 256 

TheUtahnian 283 

Union  Roller  Mills— Flour     4 
Utah  &  Montana  Machin- 
ery Co 12« 

Utah  Liquor  Company  18+ 

Union  Pacific  Railway  216 

W.  S.  Young-Official  Sten.  345 

W.  A,  Hodges— Assayer  116 

Wm.  C.  Hall— Lawyer 208 

W.  E.  Hubbard— Mines  and 
Real  Estate  ...        282 


10 


INDEX^TCTCONTENTS. 


PORTRAITS  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS, 


Bullion-Beck  Mill  

310 

Mr.  John  Beck               .         193 

Camp  Floyd  

122-123 
281 
'225 

Mr,  Chas.  Van  Als.tine  196 
Mr,  W.  Scott  Crismon   199 
Mr.  Orlando  W.  Hardy  228 
Mr.  C.  L.  Dignowlty  ...249 
Mr.  Alexander  Moffatt   278 
Mr.  S.  R.  Marks                      328 

Colonel  "Pat"  Donan  
Dalton  &  Lark  Properties  .. 

Dr.  C.  W.  Higgins  
Daly  No  2  
East  Golden  Gate  Property 
Eureka  City 

254 
273 
168 

297 

Mr.  Tim  Driscoll                    329 

F.  A.Wadleigh  93 
Geol.  Formation  of  Mercur  135-136 
Golden  Gate  Shaft  Houses   171 
Hon.  R.  0.  Chambers  119 
Hon.  J.  J,  Daly  120 
Hon.  Theodore  Brubeck  142 
Hon.  W,  S,  McCornick  179 
Hon.  Thomas  Kearns  263 
Hon.  David  Keith                         2fifi 

Mr,  John  A.  Kiroy  331 
Overland  and  Red  Cloud 
Landscape                       149 

Old  Telegraph  Mine  234 
Ontario  Hoisting  Works  275 
Park  City                                  261 

Street  Scene  in  Mercur  131 
Silver  King  Hoisting  Works 
268 

Hon.  P.  T   Farnsworth  
Hon.  Richard  Mackintosh 
Hon.  Charles  C.  Goodwin  ... 
Marion  Mine  and  Mill  
Mr.  H.  A.  Cohen 

291 
316 
319 
..       133 
173 

Sunshine  Mine  Landscape.  .H3 
Sunshine  Mine  and  Mill  138 
The  Town  of  Mercur  175 
The  Wall  Concentrator  at 
Ophir                                   15 

Mr.  D.  E.  Burley  
Mr.   E.  G.  Rognon.    

185 
189 

Upper  Bingham  Canyon  ...232 
Wonder  Hoist  and  Works.  147 

Introductory. 


FOR  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  mining  in 
Utah  an  effort  is  here  made  to  compile  and  present 
to  those  interested,  at  home  and  abroad,  a  compre- 
hensive insight  to  the  actual  condition  of  mining 
affairs  in  this  state.  A  vast  amount  of  history  is 
left  unwritten,  and  only  those  points  and  details 
touched  upon  that  are  worthy,  in  every  sense,  of 
particular  note.  If  it  be  but  the  one  feature  of  the 
work  it  can  be  truthfully  said  that  it  is  honest, 
without  the  least  intentional  varnish  or  misrepresen- 
tation. Naturally  there  will  be  omissions;  these 
must  inevitably  follow  in  the  inauguration  of  a 
work  like  this,  which  has  nothing  of  the  kind  pre- 
ceding it  to  lean  upon  as  a  basis  for  correction  and 
elaboration,  but  all  reasonable  efforts  have  been 
made  to  be  just  and  accurate. 


12  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

ft  l/aluable  publication 


periodical    Eptitl^d     "Industries"     to     be 
Issued  117    Salt 


"Industries,"  is  the  title  of  a  new  publication 
soon  to  be  issued  in  Salt  Lake.  It  will  discuss  all 
the  most  important  industries  in  the  States  west 
of  the  Missouri  River,  but  especially  those  of  Utah, 
Idaho,  Montana,  Wyoming,  Washington,  Oregon, 
California,  Nevada,  Arizona  and  Colorado. 

Finance,  real  estate,  banks  and  banking, 
mining,  irrigation,  agriculture,  horticulture,  smelt- 
ing and  milling,  railroading,  manufacturing,  stock- 
raising,  merchandizing  and  the  trades  and  all  the 
chief  industries  of  this  vast  region  will  be  carefully 
looked  after,  and  brief  but  complete  data  given  as 
to  actual  conditions. 

To  the  business  man  in  any  line  of  trade  or 
speculation  this  journal  will  be  quite  indispensible. 
The  new  publication  will  be  issued  by  an  incorpo- 
rated company.  There  will  be  no  less  than  fifteen 
assistant  editors,  and  over  one  hundred  correspon- 
dents on  the  staff  of  writers. 

A  complete  stock  table  embracing  the  listed 
mining  companies  in  the  United  States,  and  show- 
ing the  total  transactions,  will  be  a  feature. 

It  will  contain  a  regular  epitome  of  the  total 
business  done  in  the  mercantile  and  manufacturing 
and  commercial  lines. 

The  total  tonnage  and  values  of  the  ores  treated 
by  the  smelters,  samplers  and  mills  will  be  given  in 


MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  13 

each  issue,  as  also  the  total  output  of  the  mines, 
and  the  destination  of  ores  and  bullion. 

A  review  of  irrigation  and  land  promotion  propo- 
sitions throughout  the  West  promises  to  be  one 
of  the  particular  considerations  of  the  new  journal. 

The-  sugar,  salt  and  mineral  water  industries 
will  receive  full  attention. 

The  live  stock  business  in  its  every  phase, 
from  grazing  to  the  butchers  block,  will  be  covered 
complete!}7. 

The  coal,  coke,  gas  and  iron  industries  will  be 
cited  in  detail. 

All  there  is  to,  in  and  of  railroading,  including 
the  freight  and  passenger  traffic,  and  the  many 
incidents  and  personals  will  be  detailed. 

In  brief,  everything  worthy  of  note  transpiring 
under  the  heads  mentioned  will  be  collated  and  pub- 
lished, making  "Industries"  an  invaluable  journal 
for  every  business  man  in  the  Trans-Missouri 
region,  and  it  will  be  the  first  and  only  publication 
of  its  kind,  so  long  needed  in  the  West. 

Arrangements  are  now  perfecting  to  issue  the  first 
number  on  or  about  November  1,  1896.  Owing  to 
the  great  area  to  be  covered,  all  parts  of  which  is 
equally  interested,  an  edition  of  at  least  50,000 
copies  will  be  necessary  for  its  formal  introduction. 
It  will  necessarily  be  the  most  widely  circulated 
publication  west  of  Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  and  its 
value  as  an  advertising  medium  will  be  at  once  ap- 
parent. 

A  corps  of  agents  is  now  covering  each  state 
gathering  data  and  engaging  correspondents  who 
will  submit  their  copy  to  the  various  state  editors, 


14  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

who  in  turn  send  in   "copy"  for  final    disposition  at 
the  home  office  in  Salt  Lake. 

Editors,  business  men  and  all  others  interested  in 
the  up-building  of  the  country  west  of  the  Big 
Muddy,  will  find  it  advantageous  to  communicate 
with  the  home  office.  A  correspondent  is  wanted 
in  every  county,  and  every  city  of  over  3,000  in- 
habitants in  the  states  mentioned,  to  whom  full  and 
satisfactory  remuneration  will  be  given  for  all  ac- 
ceptable matter  furnished. 

The  subscription  price  of  "Industries"  will  be  $2 
a  year,  invariably  in  advance.  It  will  be  a  20-page 
journal,  printed  on  fine  calendared  paper  with 
elaborate  cover.  It  will  contain  fine  half-tone  or 
photo-graveur  illustrations  of  every  important  sub- 
ject treated  upon,  where  such  will  add  to  or  make 
it  more  complete  and  explicit.  No  expense,  brains 
or  arterial  blood  will  be  spared  to  make  "Industries" 
one  of  the  very  finest  and  most  valuable  publica- 
tions in  America,  and  certainly  the  only  one  of  its 
kind  extant.  Address  all  communications  to 
"INDUSTRIES," 

Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


H.  M.  Gushing  and  others  have  struck  a  rich 
vein  of  ore  on  Antelope  Island,  and  are  satisfied 
they  have  one  of  the  richest  strikes  ever  made  in 
Utah.  A  smelter  run  made  on  the  10th  of 
September,  1896,  showed  the  ore  to  be  very  rich, 
but  the  values  were  not  given  out  for  publication. 
This  means  the  opening  and  development  of  a  new 
district,  and  Antelope  Island  will  be^'much  in  evi- 
dence in  mining  circles  before  many  months. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF^UTAH.  15 


16  MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH. 


Mines  and  Mining  Stocks, 

Bonbs, 


:3L- 

©ptions,     <* 


Contracts  and  Securities. 

No.  2  Atlas  Block,  Salt  Lake  City. 


H.  M.  Gushing  and  others  have  struck  a  rich 
vein  of  ore  on  Antelope  Island,  and  are  satisfied 
they  have  one  of  the  richest  strikes  ever  made  in 
Utah.  A  smelter  run  made  on  the  10th  of 
September,  1896,  showed  the  ore  to  be  very  rich, 
but  the  values  were  not  given  out  for  publication. 
This  means  the  opening  and  development  of  a  new 
district,  and  Antelope  Island  will  be  much  in  evi- 
dence in  mining  circles  before  many  months. 


MINES,    MINERS   ^ND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  17 

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NAME  OF  COMPANY, 

Venezuela  G.  M.  Co. 
Vulcan  M.  Co. 

Washington  M,  Co, 
Wayne  M.  Co, 
Winnamuck  M.  &  M.  Co. 

West  End  M,  Co. 
Watson  M.  Co. 
Woodside  M.  Co, 

West  Mountain  Mining 
Ld. 

Willard  Silver  Bell  M.  Ci 
Well  Annie  M.&  M.  Co. 

Wasatch  M,  Co. 
Waldeck  G.  M,  Co. 
WestCaoleM,  &M.  Co. 

West  Mountain  Placer 

Co. 
Wonder  G.  M.  Co. 

West  Sunshine  M.  Co. 
West  Mercur  G.  M,  & 

velop  Milling  Co. 
Yosemite  M.  &  M.  Co. 
Yellow  Jacket  M.  Co. 

Yuba  M.  &  Red  Co. 
Yosemite  No.  2.  M.  Co. 
Yellow  Jacket  G.  M.  &  M 

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42  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


l/aluabl<?  Jiiijts  to  prospectors  agd  fl 

Without  the  prospector  the  world's  money 
would  be  wampum;  and  yet  but  few  prospectors, 
comparatively  speaking,  know  anything  about  geol- 
ogy and  mineralogy,  two  important  and  useful  ad- 
juncts to  speedy  success  in  a  mineralized  country. 
A  few  hints  given  here  may  do  many  some  good, 
and  not  a  few  may  find  substance  for  study  if  not  a 
fortune. 

Nearly  all  silver  leads  are  found  in  the  lime 
rocks,  rarely  over  200  feet  thick,  and  only  in  the 
lower  division  of  the  carboniferous  formation. 

Gold  is  chiefly  found  in  crystalline  formation. 
There  are  exceptions,  but  rare.  Get  acquainted 
with  crystalline  formations. 

A  true  fissure  is  found  only  with  granite  walls 
on  both  sides  running  through  the  crust  of  the 
earth. 

A  contact,  or  false  fissure,  lies  between  rocks  of 
different  characters,  either  granite  and  porphyry  or 
lime  and  porphyry — both  good  indications. 

Carbonate  ores  usually  lie  horizontally  in  either 
blanket  veins  or  in  contacts,  with  lime. 

A  crevice  in  porphyry  reaches  only  to  the 
granite. 

Gold  is  where  you  find  it— in  pockets,  chim- 
neys, ledges,  leads  and  placers. 

In  the  field  the  prospector's  eyes    should  be  on 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  43 

the  ground  as  much  as  possible,  and  he  should 
never  pass  a  rock  if  he  has  any  doubt  about  its 
nature,  without  thorough  examination.  Look  for 
"float"  at  the  bottom  of  the  hill,  and  when  found 
follow  it  up  until  its  source  is  discovered:  examine 
all  prominent  croppings  as  the  hill  is  climbed,  and 
if  not  hidden  the  vein  will  be  easily  found;  if  hid- 
den, the  pick  must  unearth  it.  If  a  lead  lies  up 
and  down  a  hill,  croppings  will  be  found  at  the  foot; 
especially  if  a  stream  of  water  is  near;  if  along  the 
hill  prospect  the  gulches  which  cross  it. 

Sharp  gulches  and  ridges  may  indicate  ore  har- 
der or  softer  than  the  country  rock,  which  should 
be  prospected  if  for  nothing  more  than  the  digging 
to  learn  the  general  formation.  Where  it  is  pos- 
sible it  is  best  to  make  locations  at  the  top  of  a 
hill.  Once  a  lead  is  found,  drive  a  stake  where 
the  discovery  shaft  is  intended  to  be;  on  the  stake 
write  the  name  of  the  mine,  date  of  location,  direc- 
tion and  extent  of  claim,  and  sign  the  name  of  the 
locator.  The  discovery  shaft  may  be  anywhere  on 
the  center  line  lengthwise  of  the  claim,  but  must  not 
be  over  150  feet  from  either  side  line.  The  law 
gives  60  days  to  cut  the  lead  10  feet  from  the  sur- 
face of  the  ground,  and  30  days  more  in  which  to 
survey  and  put  on  county  records.  If  this  work  is 
well  done  it  will  hold  the  claim  till  the  following 
December  31st.  During  each  year  thereafter  $100 
worth  of  work  must  be  done  on  each  claim.  In 
surveying  put  up  six  stakes,  numbering  them  1  to 
6 — one  at  each  corner,  and  one  at  the  center  of 
each  side  line. 


44          MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

PROSPECTOR'S  ASSAYS. 

Every  prospector  should  be  able  to  do  his  own 
assaying  for  reasons  that  are  too  obvious  for  cita- 
tion. These  formulas  are  given  for  those  entirely 
ignorant  of  chemistry  and  technical  terms  are 
eschewed  as  far  as  possible.  The  various  solutions 
are  put  under  different  heads  so  that  no  one  using 
judgment  and  care  need  make  the  least  mistake. 
The  first  given  will  be  the  acid,  or  wet  assay  test, 
for  which  the  prospector  will  provide  himself  with 
the  following: 

Nitric  Acid — 1  pound  chemically  pure $  .75 

Sulphate  of  Iron — 1  ounce  C.  P 10 

Hydrochloric  Acid — 1  pound  C.  P 50 

Stronger  Water  of  Ammonia— 4  ounces 15 

For  Platinum— Potassium   Chloride — 1   ounce 05 

For  Copper— Cyanide  of  Potassium — 1  ounce 10 

For  Tin — Antimony — Tartartic  Acid — 4  ounces 25 

Quart  Iron  Mortar  and  Pestle 1.00 

6  Test  Tubes,  6  Salt  Mouthed  Bottles 1.00 

Pint  Glass  Funnel   ..............    .  •';    .    .      .35 

Large  Iron   Spoon 25 

Alcohol  and  Lamp 1  00 

Acid   Dropper .15 

Filter  Paper,  100  Sheets,  White  6  inch  ........   f      .35 


The  prices  given  will  be  found  about  alike  the 
country  over. 

Select  sample  of  ore,  pulverize  into  fine  pow- 
der in  mortar,  roast  it  in  the  spoon  until  it  comes 
to  a  cherry  red.  The  ore  may  be  roasted  before 
pulverized  if  done  slowly  on  wood  coals,  as  is  done 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH.  45 

for  gold  in  telluride.  If  no  change  takes  place  in 
roasting,  it  contains  no  easily  fused  substance,  but 
if  it  fuses,  light  a  bit  of  paper  and  drop  in  it;  if  it 
burns  brightly,  chlorides  or  nitrates  are  present. 

SOLUTION  A— Put  such  portion  of  the  pow- 
der to  be  treated  into  a  test  tube  or  open  mouthed 
bottle,  cover  it  with  nitric  acid  and  set  it  where  it  will 
be  gradually  heated.  If  it  completely  dissolves,  or 
if  the  addition  of  a  little  soft  water  completes  the 
dissolution,  the  sample  contains  neither  gold,  tin, 
platinum  nor  antimony,  but  may  contain  silver,  lead 
and  bismuth. 

SOLUTION  A  A— If  the  sample  is  not  entirely 
dissolved;  but  leaves  a  deposit,  this  residue  may  be 
either  metallic  or  what  is  termed  non-metallic,  and 
may  contain  gold  and  platinum,  tin  and  antimony. 

The  solution  A  A  may  then  be  filtered  into  a  clean 
bottle  (as  it  can  be  drained  off,  as  can  also  the  rinse 
waters.)  It  is  then  the  same  as  A,  and  may  be  used 
for  silver  and  lead  tests. 

SOLUTION  B— For  the  metallic  residue  of 
gold,  remaining  in  the  filter  paper,  carefully  rinse 
the  filter  paper  and  put  into  a  clean  bottle  in  which 
is  dissolved  nitro-muriatic  acid.  The  acid  must  be 
fresh,  4  parts  nitric  and  15  parts  hydrochloric. 

SOLUTION  C— Now  add  to  B  sulphate  of 
iron.  If  gold  is  present  it  sometimes  falls  clean, 
but  usually  a  dark-colored  precipitate  of  metallic 
gold  is  thrown  down,  which  will  assume  the  yellow 
color  and  become  solid  when  heated  red  hot. 

For  platinum  take  a  part  of  solution  B  and 
add  to  it  chloride  of  potassium;  if  platinum  is  pres- 
ent a  yellowish  precipitate  follows. 


46      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

If  the  residue  in  A  A  is  a  white  dust  or  pulver- 
izable  substance  it  may  contain  tin  or  antimony. 
Filter  A  A,  rinse  it,  and  plunge  into  a  strong  hot 
solution  of  tartaric  acid;  if  this  entilrey  dissolves  it, 
antimony  is  present;  if  a  white  residue  still  re- 
mains, it  is  tin. 

For  silver  and  lead  take  solution  A,  dilute  with 
soft  or  distilled  water;  if  it  still  remains  clear  add 
a  little  hydrochloric  acid  (or  common  salt  to  preci- 
pitate silver)  and  if  a  white  precipitate  is  thrown 
down  heat  it;  and  if  it  does  not  then  dissolve, 
filter,  rinse,  place  in  another  botttle  and  drench 
with  ammonia;  if  it  dissolves  it  is  silver,  arid  if  it 
does  not  dissolve  it  is  lead.  It  may  now  be  reprecip- 
itated  by  nitric  acid. 

The  presence  of  copper  renders  solution  A, 
green.  Neutralize  A  with  ammonia  till  it  is  blue; 
add  cyanide  of  potassium  till  blue  color  is  gone; 
copper  ammonia  cyanide  is  the  result. 

If  a  test  for  bismuth  is  wanted  divide  Solution 
A  before  beginning  the  silver  test.  Dilute  the  second 
portion  with  soft  water;  if  bismuth  is  present  it 
will  become  milky,  curdy,  or  a  white  precipitate 
will  settle,  according  to  the  per  cent  in  the  ore. 
To  rinse  a  residue,  gently  pour  pure  water  into 
filter  and  let  it  run  through  into  waste  vessel.  If 
acid  is  drained  off  instead  of  filtering,  pour  in  and 
drain  off  water  several  times. 

Carbonates  effervesce  in  weak  muriatic  acid; 
gas  colorless  and  inoderous. 

Mercury   with    muriatic    acid    deposits    calomel. 

Nitrates  in  sulphuric  acid  give  white  nitric 
vapors. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  47 

Nitric  acid  does  not  disolve  silicon,  therefore  a 
residue  of  sand  is  almost  always  left  in  test  tube. 

THE    BLOWPIPE. 

The  blowpipe  is  a  cheap  and  speedy  way  to 
test  many  ores,  and  for  this  method  an  iron  mortar, 
iron  spoon,  charcoal,  spirit  lamp,  borax,  sal  soda 
and  salt  of  phosphorous  are  also  needed.  Pulverize 
and  roast  the  ore  the  same  as  for  the  acid  test, 
which  is  done  to  remove  the  sulphur  and  other 
hindrances.  Take  a  piece  of  charcoal  large  enough 
to  hold  safely  in  the  hand,  scoop  out  a  cavity  in 
which  place  the  pulverized  ore,  and  with  the  blow- 
pipe apply  the  flame  of  the  spirit  lamp.  There  is  an 
art  in  the  manipulation  of  a  blowpipe,  which  can 
best  be  learned  from  some  kindly  disposed  jeweler 
in  about  ten  minutes,  which  would  take  a  page  to 
ineffectually  explain.  If  the  flame  has  no  effect, 
there  is  probably  neither  gold,  silver,  nor  copper 
present;  and  certainly  no  lead,  tin,  mercury,  bis- 
muth, antimony,  arsenic  or  cadmium.  If  it  melts 
without  odor,  and  does  not  incrust  the  charcoal 
support,  either  gold,  silver,  tin  or  copper  is  present. 
If  an  infusible  residue  is  left,  of  any  color  except 
white,  make  another  test  by  placing  another  portion 
of  the  ore  on  the  charcoal,  mixed  with  sal  soda,  and 
apply  the  flame.  If  any  of  the  precious  metals  are 
present  a  metallic  grain  will  be  produced.  If  the 
grain  or  bead  is  a  query,  treat  it  with  acids.  Nitric 
acid  dissolves  all  minerals  except  gold  and  plati- 
num. Under  the  blowpipe  a  garlic  odor  denotes 
arsenic;  no  odor,  but  incrustation  of  charcoal  sup- 
port denotes  lead,  bismuth,  zinc,  antimony  or  cad- 


48  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

mium;  a  white  inf usable  residue  denotes  zinc; 
white  incrustations  on  support  denotes  zinc  and  anti- 
mony; if  incrustation  is  yellow  while  hot,  it  is  zinc; 
if  yellow  when  cool  it  is  lead,  bismuth  or  cadmium. 

A    FEW    GOLD    TESTS. 

A  simple  test  for  gold  in  oxidized  ores  is  to 
pulverize  the  ore  and  place  it  in  a  porcelain-lined 
vessel  or  tea-cup,  and  cover  with  iodine  and  allow 
it  to  stand  for  two  or  three  hours.  Then  dip  into 
it  a  piece  of  white  filter  paper,  dry  and  burn  it,  and 
if  it  gives  a  purple  color,  gold  is  present,  and  the 
deeper  the  purple  the  richer  the  ore. 

For  other  ores  with  this  test,  such  as  pyrites, 
the  ore  must  be  roasted;  where  lime  is  present  the 
ore  must  be  roasted  twice,  the  second  time  adding 
carbonate  of  ammonia.  After  roasting,  test  as 
with  oxidized  ores. 

To  find  gold  in  telluride,  heat  a  lump  of  ore  on 
wood  coals  until  it  comes  slowly  to  a  cherry  red, 
then  drop  it  quickly  into  salt  water.  The  gold  will 
appear  in  globules  on  the  surface  of  the  ore.  It  is 
best  to  test  several  pieces  at  once  as  one  of  them 
will  be  liable  to  have  the  right  temperature.  If  no 
gold  appears  pulverize  and  use  the  pan.  Any  free 
milling  ore  containing  as  much  as  $12  per  ton  in 
gold  will  show  colors  when  roasted,  pulverized  and 
washed  down  in  the  gold  pan.  .If  you  find  a  color 
or  two  from  a  piece  of  ore  that  is  two  inches 
square,  treated  this  way,  it  is  a  good  prospect  to 
work. 

A  test  for  tellurium  is  to  pulverize  the  sample 
to  a  fine  powder  and  mix  well  with  half  its  weight 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.       49 

of  sal  soda  and  pulverized  charcoal;  put  into  an 
iron  spoon  and  heat  until  charcoal  is  all  burned 
away;  dissolve  the  residue  in  very  hot  water,  but 
not  boiling.  If  ihere  be  the  least  trace  of  tellurium 
the  water  will  be  colored  a  dark  amethyst  or  purple, 
according  to  the  per  cent  in  the  ore. 


Parlance. 

ADIT — A  level;  a  horizontal  drift  or  passage 
from  the  surface  into  a  mine. 

ADVERSE — To  oppose  the  granting  of  a 
patent  to  a  mining  claim. 

AIR  SHAFT— A  shaft  for  ventilation. 

ALLOY — A  combination  of  two  or  more  metals 
fused  together. 

ALLUVIUM— Materials  transported  or  de- 
posited by  water. 

AMALGAM  -Gold  or  silver  combined  with 
quicksilver. 

APEX — The  top  or  highest  point  of  a  vein. 

ARASTRA-  -A  crude  mill  for  grinding  ore. 

ARGENTIFEROUS— Containing  silver. 

ASSAY — A  test  of  mineral  to  determine  quality 
and  quantitv. 

ASSESSMENT— Required  yearly  work. 

AURIFEROUS.— Containing  gold. 

BASE  BULLION  — Lead  combined  with  other 
metals  after  smelting.  Cast  in  an  ingot. 

BLIND  LODE — A  vein  without  an  outcrop. 

BLOSSOM  ROCK— Detached  rock  or  ore  indi- 
cating the  presence  of  mineral  veins. 


50  MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

BOND — A  written  conditional  option. 

BREAST— The  face  of  a  tunnel  or  drift. 

BUDDL1NG — Separating  ore  by  washing. 

BULLION — Ingots  of  gold  or  silver  ready  for 
the  mint. 

BUMPING  TABLE— A  concentrating  table 
with  a  jolting  motion. 

CALCAREOUS— Rock  containing  lime. 

CARBONATES — Ore  containing  a  considerable 
proportion  of  carbonate  of  lead,  -or  of  rich  silver. 

CHIMNEY — The  richer  parts  in  lodes  as  dis- 
tinguished from  poorer  ones. 

CHLORIDES — A  common  term  applied  to 
ores  containing  chloride  of  silver. 

CLAIM — Ground  held  by  a  location. 

COBBING — Breaking  ore  for  sorting. 

COLOR — A  particle  of  metallic  gold  found  in 
the  prospector's  pan  or  horn  after  washing  earth  or 
pulverized  rock. 

CONCENTRATOR— Machine  for  removing 
waste  matter  from  mineral. 

CONTACT— A  junction  of  two  kinds  of  rock, 
such  as  lime  and  porphyry. 

CORD — A  cord  weighs  about  eight  tons. 

COUNTRY  ROCK— The  rock  on  each  side  of 
a  vein. 

CRIBBING — The  timbers  used  to  confine 
wall  rock. 

CROPPING-OUT— Mineral  or  rock  rising  to 
the  surface. 

CROSS-CUT — A  level  driven  across  the  course 
of  a  vein. 

DILUVIUM — A  surface  deposit  of  sand,  gravel 
or  loam. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  51 

DIP — The  slope  or   pitch    of   a    vein    or  mine. 

DRIFT — A  tunnel;  a  horizontal  passage  under- 
ground. 

DYKE — A  wall-like  mass  of  mineral  foreign  to 
the  general  formation. 

FACE— The  end  of    a  drift  or  tunnel. 

FAULT — The  displacement  of  a  stratum 
or  vein. 

FISSURE  VEIN— A  crack  or  cleft  in  the 
earth's  crust  filled  with  mineral  matter  distinguished 
from  other  veins  because  it  cuts  all  other  formations 
instead  of  yielding  to  them. 

FLOAT — Loose  ore  or  rock  detached  from  the 
original  formation. 

FLUME — A  pipe  or  trough  to  convey  water. 

FLUX— Substance  used  to  promote  the  fusion 
of  ores. 

FOOT-WALL— Layer  of  rock  beneath  the  vein. 

FREE-MILLING— Ores  that  will  separate  by 
simple  methods. 

GANGE— The  waste  stuff  of  an  ore. 

HANGING  WALL— The  layer  of  rock,  or  wall, 
over  a  lode. 

HEADING — A  vein  of  ore  above  the  drift. 

HORSE — A  body  of  rock  of  same  character  as 
the  wall-rock  occurring  in  the  course  of  the  vein. 

IN  PLACE — A  vein,  or  ore,  in  its  original 
position. 

JIG — A  machine  for  concentrating  ore  by 
means  of  water. 

JUMP — Locating  on  another's  claim. 

LEVEL — A  horizontal  passage  or  drift  into  a 
mine  from  a  shaft. 


52      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


ALWAYS  ..... 

Iftappens, 


THAT'S  WHY  YOU  SHOULD  CARRY 

v  ___ 


LIFE  INSURANCE, 

ACCIDENT  INSURANCE, 

EMPLOYER'S  LIABILITY 

INSURANCE,  I 

FIRE  INSURANCE,      ' 

WITH  ^EEESEE 

R.  W.  SLOAN, 

406=7  McCORNICK  BLOCK, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  53 

LITTLE  GIANT — A  jointed  iron  nozzle  used 
in  hydraulic  mining. 

LODE,  LEAD,  LEDGE— A  body  of  ore. 

MILL  RUN — A  test  of  the  value  of  a  given 
quantity  of  ore. 

ORES  — Compound  ot  metal  with  oxygen, 
sulphur,  arsenic,  etc. 

OUTCROP— That  portion  of  a  vein  showing  at 
the  surface. 

PANNING — Separating  gold  from  gange  or 
gravel  by  washing. 

PAY  STREAK— The  richest  streak  in  the  vein. 

PATENT — The  government's  deed. 

PINCH  —  Contraction  of  the  vein. 

PITCH— The  slope  or  dip  of  the  vein. 

PLACER — A  surface  mine. 

POCKET — A  rich  spot    in    a    vein    or  deposit. 

PROSPECTING — Searching  for  mineral  veins. 

RESERVES — Mineral  standing  in  mines  be- 
tween shafts  and  levels  that  will  pay  to  extract. 

RETORT— Amalgam  after  distillation;  gold 
combined  with  other  metals. 

SALTING — Placing  foreign  ore  in  the  crevices 
of  a  vein. 

SAMPLING  WORKS-Works  for  sampling 
and  determining  the  values  obtained  in  ores;  where 
ores  are  bought  and  sold. 

SCHISTOSE — Granite  rock  having  a  slaty 
structure. 

SHAFT— A  well-like  passage  into  a  mine. 

SHIFT — A  miner's  work  for  one  day. 

SLUICES — Troughs  in  which    ore   is     washed. 

SPIT— To  lignt  a  fuse. 


54      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

SPREADER— Timber  stretched  across  a  shaft 
or  slope. 

SPUR — A  branch  of  a  vein. 

STAMP-MILL — A  mill  for  crushing  ores  by 
means  of  stamps. 

STOPING — Excavating  the  ore  from  the  roof  or 
floor  of  a  drift. 

TAILINGS — The  refuse  left  after  washing  ores 
containing  metals  not  saved  in  the  first  treatment. 

TRIBUTER— A  miner  working  as  a  lessee. 

UPRAISE — A  shaft  or  winze  excavated  up- 
wards. 

WASH — Loose  rock  and  dirt. 

WHIM — A  machine  used  for  raising  ore  or 
refuse. 

WHIP — Apparatus  for  hoisting  ore  from  a 
shaft. 

WINZE — An  interior  shaft  sunk  from  one  level 
to  another. 


of  pn?eious  (T)<?tal  On?s. 


GOLD  —  Chiefly  yellowish;  varies  to  blue, 
brown,  black,  gray  and  white. 

SILVER  —  Chiefly  gray;  varies  to  brown,  blue, 
green  and  black. 

SILVER  GLANCE—  Blackish  lead  gray,  me- 
tallic lustre,  cuts  red. 

RUBY  SILVER—  Ruby  red,  reddish  black, 
and  cuts  red. 

HORN  SILVER—  (Chloride),  semi-translucent. 

BLACK      SILVER—  (Stephanite)     iron    black. 

GALENA—  Looks  like   lead. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  55 

COPPER— Green,  red,  blue,  grayish. 

ZINC— (Blende)  brown,  yellow,  black;     (Zinc- 
ite)  steel  gray. 

CINNABAR— (Mercury)  brilliant   red    crystals, 
or  different  shades  of  brown  and  red  masses. 
•  NICKEL — Brass  color,  gray  to  black. 

TIN — Black,   varying  to  gray. 

IRON— Black,  brown,  gray. 

IRON  PYRITES— (sulphuret)    Goldish    yellow 
cubes  that  do  not  dissolve  until  burnt. 

WHITE     IRON— (arsenical      pyrites),       white 
shiney  specs   or    splotches    solvable    in    nitric  acid. 

MANGANESE— Black  and  Brown. 

HEMITITE— Black,   brown,  cuts  red. 


dtal?  Statistics. 

The  Territory  of  Utah  was  organized,  Septem- 
ber, 1850;  the  first  state  officers  were  elected  in 
November,  1895;  population  of  state,  census  of 
1890,  207,905,  and  at  present  280,000;  capital,  Salt 
Lake  City,  population  55,000. 

GOLD  AND  SILVKR  PRODUCTION. 

Year.  Gold.  Silyer— Ounces. 

1880  $  165.773  3,783,566 

1881  164,500  5,400,191 

1882  186,926  5,435,444 

1883  144,513  4,531,763 

1884  119,305  5,669,488 

1885  184,024  5,972,689 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 


Year. 

Gold. 

Silver  —  Ounces. 

1886 

218,626 

5,918,842 

1887 

235,869 

6,161,737 

1888 

287,022 

6,178,855 

1889 

516,232 

7,147,651 

1890 

699,700 

8,165,586 

1891 

749,427 

8,015,223 

1892 

788,521 

8,967,656 

1893 

1,117,663 

7,107,503 

1894 

1,127,961 

6,534,182 

1895 

1,546,529 

8,141,383 

Total 

$8,252,096 

103,131,761 

PRODUCT  BY    COUNTIES. 

Counties. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Beaver 

$  14,717 

507,500 

Juab 

568,941 

3,517,166 

Millard 

27,491 

900 

Salt  Lake 

229,850 

775,640 

Summit 

85,429 

3,204,004 

Tooele 

605,631 

121,071 

Washington 

10,102 

Other  Counties 

14,469 

5,000 

$1,546,528 

8,141,383 

DIVIDED  PAYING 

MINES. 

Names.              No 

of  Shares. 

Par  Value.          Dividends. 

Ajax 

300,000 

$  10.00                1,000,000 

Bullion-Beck 

100,000 

10.00  '              2,000,000 

Contennial-Eureka 

30,000 

50.00                1,770,000 

Crescent 

600,000 

25  00                    280,000 

Dalton  and  Lark 

2,500,000 

1.00                      12,500 

Daly 

150,000 

20.00                2,850,000 

Eureka  Hill 

10,000 

100.00                 1,450,000 

Galenia 

5,000 

100.00                    600,000 

MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  57 

Names.              No.  of  Shares.        Par  Value.  Dividends. 

Horn  Silver  400,000  25.00  5,187,000 

Mammoth  400,000    '  25  00  1,050,000 

Maxfield  300,000  10.00  117,000 

Mercur  200,000  25.00  450,000 

Ontario  150,000  100.00  13,205,000 

Silver  King  150.000  20.00  562  500 

Utah  100,000  1  00  137,100 

This  statement  includes  dividends  paid  up  until 
April,  1896.  Many  close  companies  that  have  paid 
large  dividends  do  not  give  out  statements  for  pub- 
lication, hence  do  not  appear  in  above  table,  which 
would  make  a  far  greater  showing. 


precious  fflat^rials. 

Among  the  precious  materials  found  in  Utah, 
which  the  markets  of  the  world  constantly  demand, 
are  alum,  antimony,  asbestos,  asphaltum,  bismuth, 
barytes,  borax,  coal,  cobalt,  gypsum,  iron,  kaolin, 
gilsonite  for  varnish,  teredo  proof  paints,  lubricants 
and  insulating  compounds;  nitre,  manganese,  mar- 
ble, phosphates,  plumbago,  salt,  soda,  sulphur,  zinc, 
onyx  and  every  kind  and  grade  of  valuable  building 
and  lithographic  stone,  slate,  valuable  clays  and 
mineral  waters.  The  only  mineral  not  known  to 
exist  in  absolutely  inexhaustible  quantity  is  tin,  and 
that  metal  is  found  in  many  places  but  not  as  yet 
developed  to  any  great  extent.  Otherwise  there  is 
sufficient  asphalt  to  pave  the  cities  of  the  earth; 
sulphur  mined  absolutely  pure  (98  per  cent),  to 


58      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

supply  the  markets  of  all  countries  for  all  time; 
miles  upon  miles  of  pure,  solid  gypsum  from  which 
2000  tons  of  plaster  of  paris  is  made  annually  and 
that  could  be  utilized  for  all  the  demands  of  art  in 
alabaster  for  aeons  of  time;  marble  in  every  shade 
and  color  from  white  to  black,  and  the  same  with 
the  vari-hued  granite;  onyx  as  delicately  tinted, 
quaintly  mottled  and  vari-colored  as  the  world  has 
every  produced,  and  some  of  it  richer  in  design 
than  the  high-priced  product  of  Old  Mexico;  more 
coal  and  iron  than  two  states  of  the  size  of  Pennsyl- 
vania could  contain;  mountains  of  salt  and  a  sea 
from  which  enough  can  be  evaporated  daily  to 
supply  all  humanity;  pyrites  of  iron  for  the  manu- 
facture of  sulphuric  acid;  kaolin  of  a  fibre  that  will 
make  the  most  delicate  of  eggshell  china,  and  thus 
and  so  on  without  exaggeration  Utah  is  the  most 
prolific  of  all  natural  resoucres  for  the  handiwork  of 
man  as  applied  to  manufacture  and  commerce  of 
any  like  area  on  the  globe,  and  its  every  resource 
is  yet  in  the  very  embryo  of  development. 

The  discovery  of  crude  oil  of  a  good  gravity  on 
the  banks  of  the  Green  river  is  but  the  beginning 
of  the  opening  of  great  petroleum  fields  that  will 
add  another  valuable  commodity  to  the  commercial 
wealth  of  the  State.  The  natural  gas  wells  opened 
in  Salt  Lake  County  have  for  two  years  demonstrated 
their  value,  and  are  utilized  by  business  firms,  man- 
ufacturers and  private  families.  There  is  no  doubt 
but  that  beds  of  petroleum  underlie  these  gas  pock- 
ets which  will  be  developed  in  time. 

In  the  Uintah  country  are  vast  deposits  of 
gilsonite,  mineral  wax  and  elaterate  that  have  a 
market  for  all  that  can  be  produced. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      59 
COAL  AND  COKE. 

The  principal  coal  fields  in  Utah  are  located  near 
Coalville,  Summit  county,  and  at  Castle  Gate  and 
Pleasant  Valley  in  Emery  and  Carbon  counties.  How- 
ever coal  is  found  all  over  the  State  and  about  500,000 
tons  are  produced  annually.  Extensive  development 
is  pro-gressing,  and  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when 
the  output  will  be  doubled  to  supply  the  California 
trade.  The  coal  beds  of  Utah  cover  about  5,000 
square  miles  of  already  prospected  area,  with  no 
limit  to  capacity  for  production.  It  is  clean  and 
hard  in  quality  and  adapted  for  long  distance  trans- 
portation. 

About  50,000  tons  of  coke  is  made  annually  at 
Castle  Gate,  which  is  consumed  by  tr;e  smelters  in 
Salt  Lake  City. 

IRON. 

Iron  is  also^found  in  plenty  all  over  the  state. 
Iron  county  is  nearly  all  iron  except  the  subsoil. 
The  principal  deposits  aside  from  this  are  in  Cache, 
Juab,  Morgan,  Salt  Lake,  Utah,  Wasatch  and 
Weber  Counties.  The  Iron  Mountain  in  Iron 
County  contains  50,000,000  tons  of  magnetite  and 
hematite  ore.  Near  Iron  City  are  belts  of  iron  ore 
five  miles  wide  and  twenty  miles  long  with  out- 
croppings  of  from  100  to  500  feet  of  solid  ore  of  the 
richest  quality.  Being  near  great  coal  measures, 
when  transportation  facilities  are  afforded,  Utah 
will  blast  her  ores  and  manufacture  her  iron  and 
steel  for  railroad  and  all  other  purposes  in  which 
those  metals  are  used  for  the  entire  trans-Mis- 
sissippi country. 


60  MINES,    MINERS    AND    MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 


production  of  previous  /Totals. 

The  production  of  precious  metals  in  Utah  for 
the  year  1895,  as  given  by  the  U.  S.  Mint  returns, 
show  75,000  ounces  of  gold  and  over  8,000,000 
ounces  of  silver,  the  total  value  of  which,  with 
silver  given  its  proper  value,  would  have  reached 
over  $12,000,000,  but  as  it  was  the  returns  were 
barely  half  that  amount.  The  silver  came  mainly 
from  two  counties,  Juab  producing  3,517,000  silver 
and  27,525  ounces  of  gold;  Summit  3,204,000  ounces 
of  silver;  Tooele  29,300  ounces  of  gold. 

The  Ontario  in  Park  City  and  the  Bullion-Beck 
in  Tintic  each  produced  over  a  million  ounces  of 
silver;  the  Centennial-Eureka  in  Tintic  comes  next 
with  900,000  ounces;  the  Silver  King  in  Park  City 
output  three-quarters  of  a  million  ounces;  the  Horn 
Silver  of  Frisco  and  Daly  of  Park  City  over  a  half 
million  each,  and  the  Eureka  Hill  and  Gemini  to- 
gether produced  over  700,000  ounces. 

The  Mammoth  of  Tintic  and  the  Mercur  of 
Camp  Floyd  each  produced  over  $250,000  in  gold; 
the  Centennial-Eureka  $175,000  worth,  and  the  Old 
Jordan  and  Galena  in  Bingham,  and  the  Marion  at 
Camp  Floyd,  almost  reached  the  hundred  thousand 
dollar  mark.  Utah  is  now  the  third  state  in  the 
production  of  silver,  Colorado  and  Montana  leading, 


MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  61 

and  the  time  is  not  far  distant  when  the  forty-fifth 
state  in  the  Union  will  be  a  fair  rival  of  the  leaders 
in  the  production  of  the  precious  metals. 


Cau/5. 

The  mining  laws  in  force  in  Utah  and  applica- 
ble to  public  lands  of  the  United  States  therein, 
are  found  partly  in  acts  of  Congress,  partly  in  the 
statutes  of  Utah,  and  partly  in  the  local  rules  and 
customs  of  miners.  The  General  Land  office  has 
also  established  rules  which  in  practice  should  be 
complied  with.  Wherever  the  act  of  Congress 
speaks,  it  controls;  where  it  is  silent,  the  state 
legislation,  the  local  rules  and  customs  control  pro- 
vided they  in  nowise  conflict  with  the  Federal  or 
State  law. 

In  the  following  brief  synopsis  the  Acts  of 
Congress  now  in  force  will  first  be  considered, 
then  the  statutes  of  the  state.  No  attempt  will  be 
made  to  digest  the  decisions. 

The  Federal  law  applicable  to  this  region  is 
found  for  the  most  part  under  the  following  heads: 

A  —  FEDERAL      LAW. 

1.  U.   S.   mineral  lands  generally. 

2.  Lode  laims;  gold,  silver,  copper,  etc. 

3.  Placer  Claimes. 

4.  Miscellaneous. 

5.  Land    office    proceedings    for    patents,    and 
adverse  claims. 


62  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

G.  H.  SCO  TT,  Prett.      H.  S  RUMFIEL  0,  Secy.      J  GLEHDINNING,  V.  Pres.  &  Treat. 

Qeo.  M.  Scott  &  Co., 

INCORPORATED. 

HARDWARE  AND  METAL  MERCHANTS. 

•          SALT  LAKE  GITY,  aTAR. 

IMPORTERS  AND  DEALERS  IN 

Hardujare,  iron,  Steel,  Iron  Pipe,  Miners' 
Tools,  Stoves,  Tinu-iare,  Etc.,  and  a  Gen- 
eral Assortment  of  Mill  and  Jfline  Supplies. 

Galvanized  and  Terne  Eave  Trough  and  Gutter,  Corrugated  Leader, 
Elbows  and  Shoes,  SOLDER  a  Specialty  (our  own  make.) 

Tin,  Pig  and  Bat*,  Ltead,  Pig  and  Bait,  Ingot  Copper,   An- 

timony, Hard  M^tal,  Sheet  Zine,  Sheet  Cop- 

er, Plumbago,  Wire,  Rivets. 


CO., 


Agents  Gutta  Percha  &  Rubber  Mfg.  Co.;  W.T, Garret  &  Co.,  Pumping 
and  Hydraulic  Machinery ;  Giant  Powder  Co.,  Mfrs,  Blasting 

Sporting  and  Dynamite  Powder. 

Steel/Wrought  Iron  Pipe,  Mine  Rails,  Fuse,  Caps, Builders'  Hardware. 
We  give  Mail  Orders  Special  Attention. 

POSTOFFICE  BOX  1466.         SAMUEL  H  HILL,  MANAGER.  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

<^^H.  d.  DININNY, 

ATTORNEY  n?9  COUNSELOR  AT  LAV. 


/BMntng  and  General  practice. 

85  COMMERCIAL  BLOCK.  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH 


MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  63 


B  — STATE   LAW. 


1.  Lode  claims. 

2.  Placer  claims. 

3.  Miscellaneous. 

4.  Procedure. 


f\  —  F^eral 


i—  /I\ir>eral  I^apds  of  tr^  l/r>ited  States. 


(Chap.   6   of  Title  xxxii.    of  U,  S:    Revised    Statutes    A.    C  , 
May  10.  1882.) 

Section  2318.      Public  lands  valuable  for  miner- 
als are  reserved    from    sale    under  Homestead,  Pre 
emption  or  Timber  Culture  acts  or  otherwise  than  as 
mineral    lands    under    express    provisions  of    U.   S. 
laws. 

Section  2319.  All  valuable  mineral  deposits 
therein  are  open  to  exploration  and  purchase,  and 
the  lands  containing  same  to  occupation  and 
purchase  by  American  citizens  or  those  having  duly 
declared  their  intention  to  become  such,  under  reg- 
ulations prescribed  by  law  and  according  to  local 
customs  and  rules  of  miners  applicable  thereto  and 
not  inconsistent  with  U.  S.  laws. 

Section  2346.  Such  mineral  lands  are  ex- 
cepted  from  certain  land  grants  already  made  by 
Congress  unless  expressly  included  in  the  grant. 

Sections  2341-2.     Lands  set    apart    as   mineral, 


64  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

but  settled  upon  and  found  to  be  agricultural,  may 
be  set  apart  as  agricultural  and  taken  up  as  home- 
steads. 

Section  2344.  Nothing  contained  in  this 
chapter  shall  be  construed  to  impair  in  any  way 
the  rights  or  interests  acquired  under  laws  existing 
prior  to  May  10,  1872. 

SCHOOL      LANDS. 

Act  of  Congress  March  3,  1875— Sections  16 
and  36,  in  each  township,  if  such  sections  were 
not  known  to  contain  minerals  when  surveyed,  or 
whe'n  Utah  becme  a  state  (date  1896)  passed  to 
the  state  as  school  lands,  and  are  not  open  to  ex- 
ploration and  purchase  as  mineral  lands  of  the 
United  States. 

TIMBER    ON     MINERAL    LANDS. 

Act  of  Congress  June  3,  1878 — Timber  may  be 
cut  from  the  public  mineral  lands  of  the  United 
States  by  citizens  of  the  United  States,  or  bona 
fide  residents  of  the  State  of  Utah  (other  than  rail- 
road corporations,  for  building,  agricultural,  mining 
or  other  domestic  purposses,  subject  to  such  rules 
and  regulations  as  the  Secretary  of  the  Interior  may 
prescribe  for  the  protection  of  the  timber  and  under 
growth  and  for  other  purposes.  The  Register  and 
Receiver  of  the  local  land  office  are  to  report  un- 
authorized cutting. 

WATER  ON  MINERAL  LANDS. 

Section  2339.     Vested  water   rights   for  mining 
*  purposes  shall  be  protected  and  rights 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  65 

for  ditches  and  canals  for  such  purposes  are  con- 
firmed; but  person  constructing  ditches  or  canal  is 
liable  for  damages  done  to  any  settler  on  the  public 
domain. 

Section  2340.  Patents  are  subject  to  vested 
water  rights,  or  rights  to  ditches  and  reservoirs 
used  in  connection  therewith. 

COAL    LANDS. 

Section  2347.  Every  person  21  years  of  age 
being  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  or  having  duly 
declared  his  intention  to  become  such,  and  every 
association  of  persons  so  qualified,  may  upon  appli- 
cation to  local  Register  enter  by  legal  subdivisions 
any  qauntity  of  vacant  U.  S.  coal  lands  not  other- 
wise appropriated  not  exceeding  160  acres  to  each 
such  individual,  or  320  acres  to  each  such  associa- 
tion, upon  payment  to  local  Receiver  of  not  less 
than  $10  per  acre  for  lands  situated  more  than  15 
miles  from  any  completed  railroad,  and  not  less 
than  $20  per  acre  for  lands  less  than  15  miles  from 
such  road. 

Section  2348.  Preference  is  given  to  occupants, 
so  qualified,  who  have  opened  and  improved  mine. 
Associations  of  not  less  than  four  persons,  so  quali- 
fied, having  expended  $5000  in  work  and  improve- 
ments, mav  enter  640  acres,  including  such  im- 
provements. 

Section  2349.  Claim  under  preceding  section 
must  be  filed  with  Register  within  60  days  after 
date  of  possession  and  commencement  of  improve- 
ment, or  within  60  days  after  township  plat  is  re- 
ceived at  district  land  office. 


66      MINES,  MINERS  AND.  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Section  2350.  Only  one  entry  may  be  made  by 
any  one  person  or  association;  and  no  entry  by  an 
association  whereof  one  or  more  members  has  made 
entry.  Final  proof  and  payment  must  be  made 
within  one  year  from  time  prescibed  for  filing  claim 
under  section  2348  otherwise  lands  are  open  to 
entry  by  any  other  qualified  applicant. 

Section  2351.  In  case  of  conflicting  claims 
priority  of  possession  and  improvement,  followed 
by  proper  filing  and  continued  good  faith,  de- 
termines preference. 

Improvements  made  before  March  3,  1873,  are 
to  be  awarded  as  nearly  as  may  be  on  division  to 
parties  having  made  same.  The  Commissioner  of 
General  Land  office  shall  make  regulations  for  car- 
rying into  effect  Sections  2347-2351. 

Section  2352.  Rights  which  attached  prior  to 
March  3,  1873,  are  not  to  be  impaired  by  preceding 
five  sections,  nor  sale  authorized  of  lands  valuable 
for  mines  of  gold,  silver  or  copper. 


11.  —  lpd<? 


possessory 

Sections  2319,  2322,  2324.  Local  customs, 
rules  and  regulations  of  miners,  and  State  and  Ter- 
ritorial regulations  not  in  conflict  with  laws  of  the 
United  States,  govern  possessory  title. 

DIMENSIONS    AND    DISCOVERY. 

Section  2320.  Mining  claims  on  veins  or  lodes 
located  after  May  10th,  1872,  shall  not  exceed  15  hun- 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF  UTAH.  67 

dreE  feet  in  length  along  vein,  nor,  in  width,  300  feet 
on  each  side  of  middle  of  vein  surface.  No  mining 
regulation  shall  limit  any  claim  to  less  than  25  feet 
on  each  side  of  middle  of  vein  surface,  except 
where  adverse  rights  existing  May  10th,  1872,  ren- 
der such  limitation  necessary.  Discovery  of  vein 
must  be  made  within  limits  of  claim  before  location. 
End  lines  shall  be  parallel. 

STAKING    AND    RECORD. 

Section  2324.  The  location  must  be  distinctly 
marked  on  the  ground  so  that  its  boundaries  may  be 
readily  traced. 

The  record  of  claim  [location  certificate]  shall 
contain  name  of  locator  or  locators,  date  of  location 
and  such  description  by  reference  to  natural  object 
or  permanent  monument  as  will  identify  claim. 

WHAT  VEINS  COVERED  BY  LOCATION  APEX;    RIGHT 

TO  DIP  CONFINED  TO  DEPARTURE  FROM  SIDE  LINES  WITH- 
IN VERTICAL  PLANES  THROUGH  END  LINES.  RlGHT  TO 
DIP  GIVES  NO  RIGHT  TO  GO  ON  SURFACE  OF  ADJOINING 
CLAIM. 

Section  2322.  The  locators  of  all  mining  loca- 
tions heretofore  made  or  which  shall  hereafter  be 
made  on  any  mineral  vein,  lode,  or  ledge,  situated 
on  the  public  domain,  their  heirs  or  assigns,  where 
no  adverse  claim  exists  on  the  10th  day  of  May 
1872,  so  long  as  they  comply  with  the  laws  of  the 
United  States,  and  with  State,  Territorial  and  local 
regulations  not  in  conflict  with  the  laws  of  the 
United  States  governing  their  possessory  title,  shall 
have  the  exclusive  right  of  possession  and  enjoy- 


68  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

ment  of  all  the  surface  included  within  the  lines  of 
their  locations  and  all  veins,  lodes  and  ledges 
throughout  their  entire  depth,  the  top  or  apex  of 
which  lies  inside  of  such  surface  lines  extended 
downward  vertically,  although  such  veins,  lodes  or 
ledges  may  so  far  depart  from  a  perpendicular  in 
their  course  downward  as  to  extend  outside  the  ver- 
tical side  lines  of  such  surface  locations.  But  their 
right  of  possession  to  such  outside  parts  of  such 
veins  or  ledges  shall  be  confined  to  such  portions 
thereof  as  lie  between  vertical  planes  drawn  down- 
ward as  above  described,  through  the  end  lines  of 
their  locations,  so  continued  in  their  own  direction 
that  such  planes  will  intersect  such  exterior  parts  of 
such  veins  or  ledges. 

And  nothing  in  this  section  shall  authorize  the 
Jocator  or  possessor  of  a  vein  or  lode  which  extends 
in  its  downward  course  beyond  the  vertical  lines  of 
his  claim  to  enter  upon  the  surface  of  a  claim 
owned  or  possessed  by  another. 

NOTE. — To  claim  right  to  follow  dip  outside  side-lines  the  vein 
must  be  in  place,  within  the  lines  of  claim,  and  intersected  by  the 
end  lines  ;  though  it  has  been  held  by  some  of  the  courts  that  when 
the  vein  is  intersected  on  the  strike  by  one  of  the  end  lines  of  the  claim, 
the  owner  would  be  entitled  to  follow  the  vein  in  its  dip  confined  with- 
in vertical  planes  drawn  down  through  the  end  line  intersecting  the 
vein  on  its  strike,  and  a  parallel  plane  thereto  drawn  down  through  the 
side  line  where  the  vein  on  its  strike  departs  from  such  side  line; 
though  this  question  has  never  been  decided  directly  by  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States.  No  apex  rights  to  dip  outside  side  lines 
where  vein  on  its  strike  crosses  both  sidelines:  So  decided  March  5th, 
1894,  by  U.  S.  Supreme  court  in  King  vs.  Amy  S.  S.  Cons.  M.  Co.  14  S.  C. 
Ref  510. 

CROSS     VEINS. 

Section  2336.  Where  two  or  more  veins  cross 
or  intersect  priority  of  title  shall  govern.  The 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      69 

prior  location  is  entitled  to  all  ore  or  mineral  with- 
in space  of  intersection,  and  subsequent  location 
to  right  of  way  through  space  of  intersection  for  con- 
venient working  of  mine.  Where  two  or  more 
veins  unite,  prior  location  takes  vein  below  part  of 
union,  including  all  all  space  of  intersection.  ' 

NOTE. — The  Colorado  decisions  are  to  the  effect  that  this  section 
applies  to  veins  crossing  on  the  strike, and  the  "space  of  intersection'1 
is  construed  as  the  space  <-f  actual  vein  intersection.  The  courts  of 
other  states  have  held  otherwise.  Cross  veins  are  apparently  not  in- 
cluded in  the  grant  of  side  veins  made  in  section  2322  (above)  under 
the  wording  used  in  that  section 

TUNNELS. 

Section  2323.  Owner  of  tunnel  driven  to  de- 
velop vein  or  for  discovery  of  mines,  is  entitled  to 
all  veins  discovered  therein  within  300  feet  from 
its  face  on  the  line  of  said  tunnel  and  not  previously 
known  to  exist,  to  same  extent  as  if  discovered  from 
surface.  Locations  of  veins  not  appearing  on  sur- 
face, made  on  line  of  tunnel  by  other  parties  after 
its  commencement  and  while  it  is  being  prosecuted 
with  reasonable  diligence,  are  invalid.  Failure 
to  prosecute  work  on  such  tunnel  for  six  months  is 
considered  abandonment  of  all  undiscovered  veins 
on  its  line. 

ASSESSMENT    WORK. 

Section  2324.  On  claims  located  before  May 
10th,  1872,  ten  dollars'  worth  of  labor  or  improve- 
ments shall  be  expended  annually,  until  patented, 
for  each  hundred  feet  in  length.  On  claims  located 
since  May  10,  1872,  one  hundred  dollars'  worth  of 


70  MfNES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

improvement  shall  be  expended  during  each  assess- 
ment year. 

NOTE. — Under  special  Act  of  Congress  this  requirement  was  satis 
fied  for  1893  by  filing  with  Recorder  a  certificate  ot  intention   to  hold. 

A.  C.  January  22nd,  1880— Period  within 
which  annual  expenditure  is  required,  begins  first 
day  of  January  after  location  of  claim. 

Section  2324.  When  claims  are  contiguous 
expenditures  may  be  made  upon  any  one  claim 
for  all. 

A.  C.  February  llth,  1875— Work  done  in 
tunnel  for  development  of  lode  shall  be  considered 
as  expended  on  lode. 

Section  2324.  Failure  to  do  such  assessment 
work  is  deemed  abandonment,  and  throws  claim 
open  to  location  by  others,  provided  owners  have 
not  resumed  work  before  such  new  location.  Co- 
owners  failing  to  contribute  proportion  of  expendi- 
tures forfeit  interest  in  claim  to  co-owners  doing 
work,  on  latter  giving  personal  written  notice,  or 
notice  by  90  days  publication  in  newspaper  pub- 
lished nearest  the  claim. 


HI. — placer 

Section  2329.  Claims  usually  called  "placers" 
including  all  forms  of  deposits  except  veins  of  quartz 
or  other  rock  in  place,  are  open  to  entry  and  patent 
as  placers,  under  similar  conditions  and  proceedings 
as  for  lode  claims 


MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  71 

Section  2329,  2331.  On  surveyed  lands,  location 
and  entry  shall  conform  as  nearly  as  practical  to 
legal  subdivisions. 

SIZE    OF    PLACER    CLAIMS. 

Section  2330,  2331.  Legal  subdivisions  may  be 
subdivided  into  10  acre  tracts,  and  contiguous  of 
any  size  even  though  smaller  than  10  acres,  may  be 
entered  jointly.  But  no  person  or  association  shall 
enter  more  than  20  acres,  for  each  individual 
claimant. 

SURVEY. 

Section  2331.  Where  placer  is  on  surveyed 
lands  and  conforms  to  legal  subdivisions,  no  further 
survey  or  plot  is  required.  Where  placer  claims  can- 
not be  conformed  to  legal  subdivisions,  survey  and 
and  plot  shall  be  made  as  on  unsurveyed  lands. 

LIMITATION. 

Section  2332.  Possession  and  working  for 
time  required  by  local  statute  of  limitations  estab- 
lishes right  of  patent,  if  there  is  no  adverse  claim. 

PLACER    CONTAINING    VEIN    OR    LODE. 

Section  2333.  Where  placer  includes  lode,  and 
applicant  is  in  possession  of  both,  application  for 
patent  shall  so  state;  patent  then  issues  for  both 
placer  and  lode;  lode  and  25  feet  of  surface  on  each 
side  shall  be  paid  for  at  rate  of  $5  per  acre;  re- 
mainder of  placer  and  also  any  placer  not  contain- 
ing lode,  at  rate  of  $2.50  per  acre,  When  existence 


72  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

R.  H.  OFFICER  &  CO., 


TT  V/  ^"^    rr^   O         ^  5  *^es'  Temple, 

,T"Y      I       V^     tX    *^  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 

Laboratory  fitted  with  Electric  Power  Crusher  and  Grinder 

and  every  facility  for  making  samples  on 

lots  up  to  500  pounds. 

We  make  Cyanide,  or  MacArthur-Forrest  Leaching  Tests,  Chlorina- 
tion  Tests,  and  Amalgamation  Assays. 


F\  M.  BISHOP, 


MILL  TESTS  A  SPECIALTY. 


Swentg  jgearg  JSipettence.      52 1.  SECOND  SOUTH,  SUIT  LAKE  CITY 


Many  people  unacquainted  with  the  geography  of  the  West 
imagine  that  because  "Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul"  are  names 
used  In  the  corporate  title  of  the  railway  owning  the  Short  Line  be- 
tween Chicago  and  Omaha,  they  must  go  via  the  cities  of  Milwaukee 
and  St.  Paul  to  reach  their  destination— if  it  be  Chicago  or  east 
thereof.  This  is  a  mistaken  idea  On  a  map  the  line  running  di- 
rectly east  and  west  would  look  like  this, 

OMAHA —  — CHICAGO. 

There  is  nothing  more  simple  than  that,  and  it  is  less  than  500 
miles  between  Omaha  and  Chicago.  Two  through  trains  daily  in 
each  direction,  with  the  best  Sleeping  Car  and  Dining  Car  Service, 
and  all  regular  travelers  know  and  appreciate  the  merits  of  the  Chi- 
cago, Milwaukee  &  St,  Paul  Railway's  Short  Line  between  the  East 
and  the  West. 

For,  maps,  time  tables  and  information  generally,  call  on  or  ad- 
dress Alex.  Mitchell,  Commercial  Agent,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  73 

of  lode  within  boundaries  of  placer  is  known,  failure 
to  include  it  in  patent  application  is  construed  as 
declaration  that  applicant  has  no  right  to  it,  and 
same  is  subject  to  location  by  other  parties.  When 
existence  of  lode  is  not  known,  patent  to  placer  con- 
veys all  mineral  within  boundaries. 


1 1/. — /Tli 


Setcion  2337.  Five  acres  of  non-mineral  land 
not  contiguous  to  lode,  and  used  by  proprietor  of 
lode,  may  be  patented  as  mill-site  by  said  proprie 
tor,  if  included  in  application  for  said  lode,  provided 
there  is  a  mill  or  reduction  works  of  the  value  of  not 
less  than  $500.  Owner  of  quartz  mill  or  reduction 
works  not  owning  mine  in  connection  therewith 
may  also  obtain  patent  for  his  mill-site.  Such 
mill-sites  shall  be  paid  for  at  rate  of  $5  per  acre. 

TOWN  SITES. 

Section  2386.  A.  C.  March  3,  1891.— Town 
sites  entries  may  be  made  by  incorporated  towns 
and  cities  on  mineral  lands  of  the  United  States, 
but  no  title  shall  be  acquired  by  such  towns  or 
cities  to  any  vein  of  gold,  silver,  cinnabar,  copper, 
lead,  or  to  any  valid  mining  claim  or  possession 
held  under  existing  law.  When  mineral  veins  are 
possessed  by  within  limits  of  town,  and  such  pos- 
session has  been  recognized  by  local  authority  or  by 


74      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

U.  S.  laws,  title  to  town  lots  shall  be  subject  to 
such  possession  and  necessary  use.  Such  vein  may 
be  patented,  but  without  surface  ground,  unless 
mineral  title  antedates  adverse  possession  of  surface. 

AMOUNT  OF   MINERAL   LANDS    NOT   LIMITED. 

A.  C.  March  30,  1891.— Act  of  August  30,  1890, 
which  prohibits  any  one  person  from  acquiring  title 
to  more  than  320  acres  of  public  land  shall  not 
include  mineral  land. 

HIGHWAYS:   RIGHT  OF  WAY. 

Section  2477.  Right  of  way  for  construction  of 
highways  is  granted  over  public  lands  not  reserved 
for  public  use. 

SURVEYS. 

Section  2327.  The  description  of  lode  claims 
upon  surveyed  lands  shall  refer  to  lines  of  public 
surveys,  but  need  not  conform  therewith. 

SURVEYORS    AND     FEES. 

Section  2334.  The  Surveyor  General  may  ap 
point  as  many  deputy  surveyors  as  may  apply  for 
appointment.  Expenses  of  surveys  of  lode  claims 
and  sub-divisions  of  placers  into  less  than  160 
acres,  and  publication  of  notices  shall  be  paid 
by  applicants.  The  Commissioner  of  the  General 
Land  Office  may  establish  maximum  charges  for 
surveys  and  publication. 


MINES,    MINERS   ANt)   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  76 

I/. — 


/*du<?rse  Suits;  F^eeeiu^rs  f^ec,eipt;  pro- 
test;   patept. 

Section  2325.  Application  for  patent  under 
oath,  stating  compliance  with  law,  is  to  be  filed  in 
proper  land  office  accompanied  by  plat  and  field 
notes  of  claim  made  under  direction  of  U.  S.  Sur- 
veyor. General,  showing  accurately  boundaries  of 
claim  (or  claims  in  common)  applied  for  which 
boundaries  shall  be  distinctly  marked  by  monu- 
ments on  the  ground.  Copy  of  plat  and  notice  of 
application  are  to  be  posted  in  conspicuous  place 
on  claim  before  filing  application;  and  affidavit  of 
two  persons  that  notice  has  been  duly  posted  is  to 
be  filed  in  Land  office  with  copy  of  such  notice. 
The  Register  of  the  Land  office  thereupon  posts  in 
his  office  notice  of  application  and  publishes  it  for 
sixty  days  in  a  newspaper  desginated  by  him,  pub- 
lished nearest  to  the  cjaim.  The  claimant,  before 
or  during  period  of  publication  files  certificate  of 
U.  S.  Surveyor  General  that  $500  of  labor  has 
been  expended  or  improvements  made  on  claim  by 
claimant  or  his  grantors,  and  that  the  plat  and  de- 
scription of  claim  is  correct.  Claimant's  own 
affidavit  that  plat  and  notice  remained  posted  on 
claim  during  period  of  publication  is  then  filed  at 
expiration  of  period  of  publication  and  if  no  ad- 
verse claim  has  been  filed  during  the  sixty  days 
from  first  publication  it  is  assumed  that  applicant 


76  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

is  entitled  to  patent  upon  payment    of    $5    for   each 
acre  or  fractional  part  thereof. 

NOTE — A  filing  fee  of  $10  in  cash,  with  publishers  agreement  and 
proof  of  citizenship  should  accompany  each  application.  Several  claims 
of  the  same  applicant  may  be  included  in  one  application.  Certified 
copy  of  location  certificate  and  abstract  of  title,  bringing  title  down  to 
and  including  date  of  application,  should  also  be  filed  in  the  Land  office 
before  expiration  of  the  period  of  publication. 

APPLICATION      BY       AGENT      OR      ATTORNEY      IN      FACT      OF 
NON-RESIDENT. 

A.  C.  January  22nd,  1880 — If  claimant  for 
patent  is  not  a  resident  of  or  within  the  land  dis- 
trict wherein  claim  is  situated  the  application  for 
patent  and  required  affidivits  may  be  made  by  his 
authorized  agent  conversant  with  the  fact  [within 
said  district]  :  or 

A.  C.  ,  April  26th,  1882— Any  oath  or  affidivit 
of  citizenship  may  be  made  by  claimant  himself 
before  clerk  of  any  court  of  record  or  notary  public 
of  any  State  or  Territory. 

PROOF    OF    CITIZENSHIP    ETC. 

Section  2321.  Proof  of  citizenship  may  consist 
of  affidavit  of  individual;  in  case  of  an  association, 
of  affidivit  of  authorized  agent;  and  in  case  of  cor- 
poration, of  certified  copy  of  charter  or  certificate 
of  incorporation. 

NOTE. — Applicant  for  patent  must  be  an  American  citizen  or  person 
having  duly  declared  his  intention  to  become  such,  or  a  domestic  (not 
foreign)  corporation. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH.  77 

ADVERSE    CLAIM. 

Section  2326.  Where  an  adverse  claim  is  filed 
during  period  of  publication,  upon  oath  of  person 
making  same,  showing  nature,  boundaries  and  ex- 
tent of  such  claim,  all  patent  proceedings,  except 
publication  and  proof  thereof  by  affidavit,  shall  be 
stayed  until  controversy  shall  have  been  decided  by 
proper  court  or  the  adverse.  Adverse  claimant  must, 
within  30  days  after  filing  his  adverse  claim,  begin 
suit  in  competent  court  in  Utah  District  court;  or,  in 
special  cases,  the  Federal  Court  determine  right  of 
possession,  and  prosecute  suit  with  reasonable  dil- 
igence. Failure  in  either  respect  is  a  waiver  of 
the  adverse.  After  judgment,  party  entitled  to 
possession  may  file  certified  copy  of  judgment  roll 
in  Land  office,  with  certificate  of  surveyor  General 
that  requisite  expenditure  has  been  made,  and  pay 
$5  per  acre  for  the  claim  or  portion  thereof  awarded 
him  by  said  judgment,  and  proper  fees.  The  papers 
are  then  certified  to  General  Land  office  for  patent  to 
issue.  If  judgment  is  that  several  parties  are  en- 
title to  distinct  portions,  patents  shall  issue  to 
them  according  to  their  respective  rights. 

NOTE.— One  of  several  co-owners  may  adverse  for  himself  and  co- 
owners.  The  adverse  claimant  must  have  the  qualifications  of  citizen- 
ship, etc.,  required  of  an  applicant  for  patent. 

TITLE    IN    NEITHER    PARTY. 

A.  C.  March  3rd,  1881.— If  judgment  is  that 
title  to  ground  is  in  neither  party,  no  costs  shall 


78  MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

be  allowed  and    claimant    shall    not    be  entitled    to 
patent  until  he  perfects  his  title. 

NOTE. — Land  Office  fee  to  accompany  each  adverse  is  $10  in  cash — 
not  check  or  draft. 

ADVERSE    BY    AGENT    OR    ATTORNEY    IN    FACT. 

A.  C.  April  26th,  1882.— Adverse  claim  may  be 
verified  by  agent  or  attorney  in  fact  [within  Land 
District]  cognizant  of  facts.  If  adverse  claimant 
resides,  or  is  out  jf  district,  he  may  verify  claim 
before  clerk  of  court  of  record  or  a  notary  public ' 
within  the  State  or  Territory  where  he  may  then  be. 

POSSESSORY    TITLE    THE    ISSUE. 

Section  910.  Possessory  action  for  recovery  of 
mining  title,  or  for  damages  to  same,  shall  be 
adjudged  by  law  of  possession,  notwithstanding  that 
paramount  title  is  in  United  States. 

RECEIVER'S  RECEIPT  ENTRY. 

Section  2334;  And  Land  Office  Rules,  Sections 
41-42.  The  Land  Office  rules  provide  for  the  issue 
of  a  Receiver's  receipt  to  the  applicant  when  on 
expiration  of  the  60  days'  period  of  publication  no 
adverse  has  been  filed,  or  the  adverse  if  filed  has 
been  waived  by  the  adverse  claimant  or  decided 
against  by  the  competent  court.  This  receipt  is 
deliveied  against  payment  for  the  premises  claimed 
at  the  rate  of  $5  for  each  acre  or  fraction  thereof, 
and  the  filing  of  sworn  statements  of  due  publica- 
tion and  posting  throughout  statutory  period  (60 
days)  of  notice  of  application,  and  also  of  charges, 


MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  79 

fees  and  money  paid  for  publcation  and  surveys, 
and  to  Register  and  Receiver.  The  claim  is  then 
said  to  be  "entered*  for  patent;  and  the  papers  are 
forwarded  to  Washington  for  examination,  approval 
and  issue  of  patent. 

PROTEST. 

Section  2325.  If  no  adverse  claim  is  filed  in 
Land  Office  within  60  days  after  day  of  first  publi- 
cation (exclusive  of  that  day),  no  objection  from 
third  parties  to  the  issuance  of  patent  to  the  appli- 
cant therefor  shall  be  heard  except  upon  protest 
based  on  allegations  that  applicant  has  failed  to 
comply  with  requirements  of  law  [e.  g.,  failure  to 
disclose  mineral,  to  make  $500  worth  of  improve- 
ments, etc.]  Protesant  should  show  his  interest  in 
the  premises. 

AFFIDAVITS;  TAKING  OF  TESTIMONY  IN  CONTESTED  CASES 
AS  TO  CHARACTER  OF  LANDS. 

Section  2335.  All  affidavits  required  by  law 
may  be  verified  before  any  officer  authorized  to 
administer  oaths  within  land  district  where  claim 
is  situated,  and  in  cases  of  contest  as  to  mineral  or 
agricultural  character  of  land,  testimony  and  proofs 
may  be  taken  before  such  officer  on  personal  notice 
of  ten  days  to  opposing  party;  if  such  party  cannot 
be  found,  thirty  days'  notice  by  weekly  publication 
shall  be  given  in  newspaper  designated  by  Receiver 
as  published  nearest  claim. 

PATENT. 

The  patent  is  a  deed  from  the  United  States  of 


80  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

the  piece  of  land  to  which  applicant  has  established 
possessory  title.  It  includes  all  mineral  therein 
subject  to  certain  exceptions,  e.  g.,  dip  underneath 
the  patented  claim  of  a  vein  apexing  in  adjacent 
claim  and  discovered  prior  to  entry  for  patent; 
known  lode  in  patented  placer  claim;  cross  veins, 
etc.  The  patent  is  issued  in  the  name  of  applicant, 
but  carries  title  to  the  person  to  whom  he  may  have 
made  conveyance  prior  to  issuance.  The  patent  is 
conclusive  when  valid  on  its  face  and  issued  in 
accordance  with  law.  Conditions  or  exceptions  not 
authorized  by  law  cannot  be  inserted  by  the  Land 
Office  in  the  patent. 

Section  2338.  The  local  legislature  (e.  g.,  that 
of  Utah)  may  provide  rules  for  working  mines, 
involving  easements,  drainage,  etc.,  and  these  con- 
ditions  shall  be  fully  expressed  in  the  patent. 

Section  2332.  Any  lien  which  attached  to 
mining  claim  prior  to  patent  is  not  impaired. 


Chapter  III.  of  the  Compiled  Laws  of  Utah 
contain  the  Territorial  mining  laws  which  were 
adopted  in  the  State  Constitution  in  1895,  and  such 
subsequent  laws  enacted  by  the  first  State  Legisla- 
ture of  1896,  are  also  added. 


WIDTH    OF    CLAIM. 


Section  2790  provides  the  same  as    to  width  of 
claim  as  the  U.  S.  laws. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  81 

DEFACING    NOTICES. 

Section  2791.  Any  person  or  persons  who 
shall  wilfully  or  maliciously  tear  down  or  deface  a 
notice  posted  on  a  mining  claim,  or  take  up  or 
destroy  any  stake  or  monument  marking  any  such 
claim,  or  interfere  with  any  person  lawfully  in 
possession  of  said  claim,  or  who  shall  alter,  erase, 
deface  or  destroy  any  record  kept  by  a  mining 
recorder,  shall  be  guilty  of  a  misdemeanor,  and  upon 
conviction  thereof  shall  be  punished  by  a  fine  of 
not  less  than  §25  nor  more  than  $100,  or  by 
imprisonment  for  not  less  than  ten  days  nor  more 
than  six  months  or  both  by  such  fine  and  imprison- 
ment. Justices  of  the  peace  in  their  respective 
counties  shall  have  jurisdiction  of  such  offences. 

UNLAWFULLY    EXTRACTING    ORES. 

Section  2792.  Any  person  wrongfully  entering 
upon  any  mine  or  mining  claim,  and  carrying  away 
ores  therefrom,  or  extracting  and  selling  ores  from 
any  mine,  being  the  property  of  another,  shall  be 
liable  to  the  owner  or  owners  of  said  ore  for  three 
times  the  value  thereof,  recoverable  by  an  action  at 
law;  and  should  the  plaintiff  file  his  affidavit  that 
the  defendant  did  unlawfully  take  ores,  the 
defendant  may  be  arrested  and  held  to  bail,  as  in 
cases  for  the  recovery  for  the  possession  of  personal 
property  unujstly  detained. 

MINERS'  LIEN. 

Section  2793.  Any  person  or  persons  who  shall 
perform  any  work  or  labor  upon  any  mine,  or  furnish 


82  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

any  materials  therefor,  in  pursuance  of  any  contract 
made  with  the  owner  or  owners  of  such  mine,  or  of 
any  interest  therein,  shall  be  entitled  to  a  miner's 
lien  for  the  payment  thereof  upon  all  the  interest, 
right  and  property  in  such  mine  by  the  person  or 
persons  contracting  for  such  labor  or  materials  at 
the  time  of  making  such  contract;  said  lien  may  be 
enforced  in  the  same  manner  and  with  the  same 
effect  as  a  mechanic's  lien,  as  provided  by  the  laws 
of  Utah. 

LOCATION    NOTICES    PRIMA    FACIA    EVIDENCE. 

Section  2794.  Copies  of  location  of  the  mines, 
lodes  and  veins,  and  of  tunnel  sites  recorded  in  the 
several  mining  districts,  and  of  the  mining  rules 
and  regulations  in  force  in  the  several  mining  dis- 
tricts, in  like  manner  recorded,  shall  be  receivable 
in  all  the  courts  of  this  Territory  (now  State)  as 
prima  facia  evidence  of  such  notices,  rules  and 
regulations,  Provided,  The  recorder  of  the  district 
shall  certify  under  his  hand  and  seal  that  such  copies 
are  full,  true  and  perfect  copies  from  the  records  in 
his  custody.  The  seal  of  office  of  the  mining 
recorder  so  certifying  affixed  to  such  certificate 
shall  be  prima  facia  evidence  of  the  fact  of  the 
election  and  qualification  and  official  character  of 
such  mining  recorder. 

RECORDING    MINING   RULES, 

Section  2795.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  the 
County  Recorder  of  the  several  counties  of  this 
Territory  (now  State)  to  record  the  mining  rules 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  83 

and  regulations  of  the  several  mining  districts  in 
their  respective  counties;  and  when  so  recorded, 
certified  copies  tnereof  shall  be  received  in  all  the 
courts  of  this  Territory  (now  State)  as  prima  facia 
evidence  of  such  rules  and  regulations. 

FEES. 

The  mining  recorders  of  the  several  mining 
districts  shall  be  allowed  the  same  fees  for  record- 
ing and  making  copies  of  any  records  in  their  cus- 
tody as  are  now  allowed  by  law  for  the  service  of 
county  recorders  *  *  *  and  are  in  all  other 
respects  likewise  controlled  by  section  20  of  the  act 
entitled  "An  act  to  regulate  fees  and  compensation 
for  official  and  other  services  in  the  Territory  of 
Utah,"  passed  February  20,  1874. 

Section  2797  provides  that  mining  recorders 
are  public  officers,  and  are  required  to  keep  a  seal. 

Section  2798  provides  that  when  there  is  a 
vacancy  in  the  office  of  mining  recorder,  or  that  he 
shall  move  from  the  district,  or  is  disqualified,  his 
records  shall  be  deposited  with  the  county  recorder. 

Section  2799  provides  that  mining  recorders 
shall  give  bond  in  the  sum  of  $1000. 

Section  2800  provides  that  recorders  shall  be 
responsible  for  the  acts  of  their  deputies. 

SALE    OF    MINERAL    LANDS    FOR    SCHOOL    FUND. 
ARTICLE   X,    SECTION  3. 

Section  3.  The  proceeds  of  all  lands  that  have 
been  or  may  be  granted  by  the  United  States  to 
this  State  for  the  support  of  the  common  schools, 


84  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

the  proceeds  of  all  property  that  may  accrue  to  the 
State  by  escheat  or  forfeiture,  and  all  unclaimed 
shares  and  dividends  of  any  corporation  incor- 
porated under  the  laws  of  this  State,  the  proceeds 
of  the  sale  of  timber,  minerals,  or  other  property 
from  school  and  State  lands  other  than  those 
granted  for  specific  purposes,  and  the  five  per  cen- 
tum of  the  net  proceeds  of  the  sales  of  public  lands 
lying  within  the  State,  which  shall  be  sold  by  the 
United  States  subsequent  to  the  admission  of  this 
State  into  the  Union,  shall  be  and  remain  a  per- 
petual fund,  to  be  called  the  State  school  fund,  the 
interest  of  which  only,  together  with  such  other 
means  as  the  legislature  may  provide,  shall  be  dis- 
tributed among  the  several  school  districts  according 
to  the  school  population  residing  therein. 

REVENUE    AND    TAXATION. 
ARTICLE  XIII,    SECTION   4. 

Section  4.  All  mines  and  mining  claims,  both 
placer  and  rock  in  place,  containing  or  bearing 
gold,  silver,  copper,  lead,  coal,  or  other  valuable 
mineral  deposits,  after  purchase  thereof  from  the 
United  States,  shall  be  taxed  at  the  price  paid  the 
United  States  therefor,  unless  the  surface  ground, 
or  some  part  thereof,  of  such  mine  or  claim  is  used 
for  other  than  mining  purposes,  and  has  a  separate 
and  independent  value  for  such  other  pur- 
poses; in  which  case  said  surface  ground,  or 
any  part  thereof,  so  used  for  other  than  min- 
ing purposes  shall  be  taxed  at  its  value  for  such 
other  purposes,  as  provided  by  law;  and  all  the 
machinery  used  in  mining,  and  all  property  and 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  85 

surface  improvements  upon  or  appurtenant  to  mines 
and  mining  claims,  which  have  a  value  separate 
and  independent  of  such  mines  or  mining  claims, 
and  the  net  annual  proceeds  of  all  mines  and  min- 
ing claims,  shall  be  taxed  as  provided  by  law. 


LABOR. 
ARTICLE  XVI-SECTIONS  3,  4,  5  AND  6. 

Section  3.     The  legislature  shall  prohibit: 

First.  The  employment  of  women  or  of  chil- 
dren under  the  age  of  fourteen  years  in  underground 
mines. 

Second.     The  contracting  of  convict  labor. 

Third.  The  labor  of  convicts  outside  prison 
grounds  except  on  public  works  under  the  direct 
control  of  the  State. 

Fourth.  The  political  and  commercial  control 
of  employees. 

Section  4.  The  exchange  of  black  lists  by  rail- 
road companies  or  other  corporations,  associations, 
or  persons  is  prohibited. 

Sectin  5.  The  right  of  action  to  recover 
damages  for  injuries  resulting  in  death  shall  never 
be  abrogated,  and  the  amount  recoverable  shall  not 
be  subject  to  any  statutory  limitation. 

Section  6.  Eight  hours  shall  constitute  a  day's 
work  on  all  works  or  undertakings  carried  on  or 
aided  by  the  state,  county,  or  municipal  govern- 
ments, and  the  legislature  shall  pass  laws  to  pro- 
vide for  the  health  and  safety  of  employees  in  fac- 
tories, smelters,  and  mines. 


86 


MINES,    MINERS     AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


(T\ii}erals. 


Up  to  date  the  following  minerals  used  in 
manufactures  and  the  trades  not  classed  as  precious, 
are  found  in  commercial  quantities  in  Utah,  and 
are  produced  to  a  greater  or  less  extent  according 
to  demand: 


Actinolite 

Agatized  Wood 

Albite 

Almondite 

Amathyst 

Anthraconite 

Aragonite 

Arsenolite 

Arsenopyrite 

Angite 

Barite 
Basalt 
Bird  Guano 

Bitumen, 
Blue  Vitrol 
Bole,  in  varieties 
Calcite,  in  varieties 

Colecpar 
Cats-eye  Opal 
Chalcedony 
Chalybite 


Agate 

Alabaster 

Alum  in  varieties 

Amphibole  in  varieties 

Anglesite  or  Lead  Sulphate 

Apotite 

Argentite,  or  Sulphide  of  Silver 

Argentiferous  Galena 

Asbestus 

Atacamite,  or  Chloride  of 

Copper 

Azurite,    or   Copper   Carbonate 
Barytocalcite 
Biolite 
Bismuth 

Blende,  or  Zinc  Sulphide 
Bog  Iron  Ore 
Bornite,  or  Purple  Copper 
Bosjemanite,  or  Manganese 

Alum 

Calamine,  or  Zinc  Silicate 
Cerargyite,    or    Silver  Chloride 
Cerussite,    or    Lead    Carbonate 
Chalcanthite,  or  Copper 

Sulphate 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


87 


Chromite 

Chrysolite 

Cinnabar 

Dendrite 

Dolomite 

Epidote 

Erubiscite 
Floss  Ferri 
Fanklinite 

Galenite 

Geyserite 

Halite,  in  varieties 
Horn  Blende 
Hydrargillite 
Hydrosteatite 
Iron  Pyrites 
Iron  Vitriol 
Jet 
Lava 

Lignite,  in  varieties 
Limarite,  or  Cuper- 
ous  Anglesite 
Magnesite 
Magnetite 
Marl,  in  varieties. 

Mica,  in  varieties 

Mispickel 
Moss  Agate 


Chalcocite,  or  Vitreous  Copper 
Chalcopyrite,  or  Copper  Pyrites 
Chrysocolla,  or  Copper  Silicate 
Cuprite,  or  Red  Copper  Ore 
Dog-tooth  Spar  (Callcte) 
Embolite,  or  Chlor-Bromid 

Silver 
Epsomite 

Feldspar,  in  varieties 
Freieslebenite,   or   Gray   Silver 

Ore 

Fullers  Earth 
Garnet,  in  varieties 
Glauberite 
Gray  Copper  Ore 
Hematite,  in  varieties 
Horn  Silver,  or  Cerargyrite 
Hydrocuprite,    or    Copepr  Ore 
Hydrosiderite 
Iron  Ochres 
Jasper,  in  varieties 
Kaolinte,  or  Porcelain  Clay 
Limonite  or  Iron  Ore 
Lodestone,    or    Magnetic   Iron 

Ore 

Malachite,  or  Copper  Carbonate 
Marcasite,  or  White  Pyrites 
Miargyrite,  or  White  Ruby 

Silver 
Micacrous    Hematite,    or     Iron 

Ore 

Mineral    Wax,    see    Utahcerite 
Molybdate  of  Lead 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


Nitre 

Nitro-Calcite 

Obsidian 

Olivine 

Onyx 

Oolite 

Pea-stone,  see 

Pisoilte 

Phosgenite 

Phenacite 

Pisolite 

Plumbago 

Pyrites,  in  varieties 

Pyroxene,  in  varie- 
ties 

Quartz,  in  varieties 

Radiated  Calcite 
Rock  Salt 
Rose  Quartz 
Saltpeter 
Sard 
Satin  Spar 

Siderite 
Smoky  Quartz 
Soda,  Carbonate 
Specular  Iron 
Spinel 

Satalctites 
Sulphide  of  Silver 
Tourmalin 


Muscovite,  or  Mica 

Nitro-Gla  iiber  ite 

Ochres,  in  varieties 

Opal,  in  varieteis 

Opolized  Wood 

Ozocerties,  see  Utahcerites 

Parafine,    Native   see,    Utahce- 

rite  Claytoni 
Petrified  Wood 

Pickeringite,  or  Magnesia  Alum 
Prase,  or  Green  Quartz 
Proustite,  or  Ruby  Silver 
Pyrargyrite,  or  Ruby  Silver 
Pyrolusite,   or    Manganese    Ore 

Pyromophite,  or  Lead 

Phosphate 
Ribbon  Jasper 

Ruby  Silver,   see  Pyrargyrite 
Ruby  Copper,  see  Cuprite 
Sal  Ammoniac 
Sardonyx 
Selenite,  or  Transparent 

Gypsum 
Silicious   Sinter 
Smithsonite,  or  Zinc  Carbonate 
Soapstone,  in  varieties 
Sphalerite,  or  Zinc  Blende 
Stephanite,    or    Black,     Birttle 

Silver  Ore 

Stibnite,   or  Antimony  Ore 
Sulphur,  in  varieties 
Topaz,  white,   yellow  and   blue 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


89 


Trachyte 

Tremolite 

Utah  Mineral  Wax 

Velvet  Copper 
Volcanic  Glass 
Witherite 
Wulfenite 
Zinc  Blende 
Zinc  Sulphide 


Tufa,  in  varieties 
Talc,  in  varieties 
Tetrahedrite,  or  Gray  Copper 

Ore 

Vitreous  Copper  Ore 
Volcanic  Scoria 
Wad,  or  Manganese  Ore 
Zeolites,  in  varieties 
Zincite,  or  Zinc  Oxide 


by 

The  development  of  electrical  currents  by  the 
application  of  existing  water  powers  is  destined  to 
prove  a  most  potent  factor  in  the  operation  of 
mines  in  Utah.  With  the  exception  of  the  vast 
region  known  as  the  Deep  Creek  District,  so  far 
removed  from  effective  streams,  no  conspicuous 
camp  in  Utah  is  so  remote  that  electrical  power 
cannot  be  brought  to  bear  upon  the  development  of 
its  mines. 

While  the  streams  are  not  generally  large  their 
fall  is  very  rapid,  so  as  to  permit  of  their  use 
several  times  within  a  short  distance.  The  Big 
Cottonwood  is  a  case  in  point.  The  Salt  Lake 
Street  Railway  Company  is  behind  a  corporation 
known  as  the  Utah  Power  Company  for  the  trans- 
mission of  electrical  currents  with  which  to  operate 
its  extensive  street  transit  system  in  Salt  Lake  City. 
The  Big  Cottonwood  Power  Company  is  already 
furnishing  power  for  the  illumination  of  the  Salt 


90      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Lake  streets.  Mr.  Frank  Gillespie  is  at  work 
developing  a  water  power  to  generate  electricity 
that  will  be  utilized  in  supplanting  coal  in  Bingham 
Canyon — across  the  valley  and  in  the  mountains  on 
the  opposite  side  from  those  in  which  the  stream 
rises.  Each  of  these  plants  takes  the  water  where 
the  other  drops  it,  and  so  the  power  may  be 
increased  almost  without  limit.  On  this  same 
stream  the  Maxwell  Mining  Company,  Mr.  W.  F. 
James  managing,  is  putting  in  a  plant  for  the  pur- 
pose of  getting  compressed  air  with  which  to  drive 
its  drills,  and  do  much  of  the  work  now  accom- 
plished by  slower  and  more  expensive  means. 

In  the  Little  Cottonwood  Canyon,  some  six 
miles  south  of  the  Big  Cottonwood,  the  same 
character  of  work  is  going  on.  At  this  point  the 
Cottonwood  Water-Power  and  Electric  Company 
(Limited),  of  London,  is  at  work,  and  by  the  time 
this  book  is  issued  will  have  a  large  force  of  men 
employed.  This  company  is  fathered  by  Mr.  Frank 
Gillespie,  and  has  laid  out  plans  for  the  develop- 
ment of  two  3,000  horse  power  plants,  the  electri- 
city generated  from  which  will,  like  that  to  be 
created  in  Big  Cottonwood,  be  carried  to  Bingham, 
to  Park  City,  and  to  such  manufacturers  in  the 
valleys  as  may  need  it;  and  the  expectation  is  that 
there  will  be  many  new  and  some  extensive  indus- 
tries started  up  as  a  result  of  these  vast  water 
power  developments  now  progressing  in  this 
vicinity.  The  intention  of  the  corporation  named 
is  later  to  divide  the  stream  into  three  equal  parts, 
and  by  reason  of  the  rapid  fall  to  gain  still  another 
3,000  horse  power.  Still  later,  by  a  system  of 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      91 

storage  and  the  development  of  springs  known  to 
exist  along  the  lines  of  the  Little  Cottonwood,  it  is 
believed  that  at  least  6,000  more  horse  power  can 
be  produced.  This,  at  a  minimum  estimate,  will 
give  this  company  15,000  horse  power  from  this 
stream  alone.  It  goes  without  saying  that  the 
mines  of  Alta,  the  once-famed,  which  are  once 
again  showing  signs  of  life,  will  utilize  this  power, 
as  will  the  new  mines  now  making  such  promising 
showings  in  the  Big  Cottonwood  take  advantage  of 
the  electric  current  to  be  had  in  that  Cannon.  The 
Pioneer  Electric  Power  Company  is  spending  a 
million  dollars  in  Ogden  Canyon  to  generate  a 
tremendous  electric  current  there  of  thousands  of 
horse  power,  which  will  yet  be  utilized  in  Salt 
Lake  City  and  in  the  mines  now  being  opened 
between  Salt  Lake  and  Ogden,  and  in  the  neigh- 
borhood of  Ogden.  At  the  same  time  extensive 
water  powers  are  being  developed  in  Provo  Canyon, 
the  electric  currents  generated  from  which,  besides 
furnishing  power  to  Provo,  locally,  will  also  be 
transmitted  to  Mercur — where  it  will  supplant 
coal — and  to  the  vast  and  wonderful  district  of 
Tintic,  where  water  is  scarce,  and  electric  currents 
must  prove  a  blessing. 

So  it  is  all  along  the  line — in  Sevier  County, 
in  Beaver  County,  in  Tooele  County,  and  Sanpete 
County,  in  the  Uintah  region,  in  Cache  County, 
when  its  great  mines  shall  have  attained  that 
distinction  which  development  is  destined  to  give 
them;  so  also  in  Morgan  and  Davis  Counties,  no 
less  than  in  Wasatch  and  in  Summit— in  which  the 
famed  Park  City  Mines  are  situated.  With  the 


92  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAK.- 

single  exception  the  Deep  Creek  region,  every  min- 
ing district  can  be  brought  within  the  economizing 
effects  of  electricity  generated  by  a  costless  natural 
force. 

When  the  necessary  power  to  drive  drills,  to 
hoist  the  ores,  to  lift  the  water  which  deep  mining 
in  wet  districts  inevitably  develops,  as  well  as 
supplying  force  for  the  running  of  stamp  mills,  is 
estimated,  the  promised  saving  runs  beyond  concep- 
tion. And  why  not  transmit  the  ores  by  this  same 
power?  Who  can  estimate  how  far  the  cost  of 
production  will  be  reduced,  what  mines  now  shut 
down  because  of  the  debased  price  of  metals  may 
be  opened  when  this  new  force,  now  so  rapidly 
being  developed,  shall  have  reached  a  point  where 
it  becomes  a  factor  in  the  economic  production  of 
minerals  in  the  great  belts  of  Utah? 

And  among  the  savings  to  be  figured  upon 
with,  it  is  true,  less  assurance,  is  the  reduction  of 
ores  by  electricity.  While  not  yet  known  to  have 
been  developed  to  a  point  that  is  practicable,  who 
may  say  that  the  separation  of  the  minerals  from 
the  ore  and  the  segregation  of  the  different  metals 
into  their  distinctive  classes  by  electricity  is  not 
only  possible  but  probable? 


The  first  Horn  silver  found  in  Utah  was  dis- 
covered by  S.  R.  Bebee,  in  East  Canyon,  a  nugget 
weighing  about  36  ounces,  and  almost  entirely  pure. 

February  13;  1871,  the  first  smelting  works  at 
Bingham  started  up. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH.  93 

io  (Jra^d?  U/<?st<?r9  I^ailiuay. 


FRANK  A.  WADLEIGH, 
General  Passenger  and  Ticket  Agent,  Salt  Lake  City. 

Utah's,  most  important  railroad  is  the  Rio 
Grande  Western  Railway — at  least  that  progressive 
corporation  has  been  closely  identified  with  the 


94  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

growth  and  development  of  the  territory  since  May, 
1883,  when  the  last  rail  connecting  the  East  with 
the  West  was  laid.  It  begins  and  ends  in  Utah, 
except  that  small  part  of  the  main  stem  which  dips 
into  the  Centennial  State  to  join  forces  with  its 
eastern  connections.  A  brief  outline  of  its  history 
is  all  this  space  will  permit,  but  in  that  short 
delineation  it  will  be  the  purpose  to  place  before 
the  reader  the  fact  that  the  Rio  Grande  Western 
Railway  has  made  itself  by  building  Utah.  It  has 
been  sufficiently  enterprising  to  realize  that  in  the 
ambition,  purposes  and  development  of  this  great 
state  lay  its  own  success.  The  railroad,  therefore, 
has  always  joined  hands  with  the  elements  that 
have  led  in  the  prosperity  of  the  State.  It  has 
been  a  matter  of  conscience  with  the  officials  of  the 
company  that  to  develop  the  natural  resources  of 
the  State  their  efforts  must  lie  in  the  direction  of 
reclaiming  the  vast  arid  regions — and  while  it  muse 
be  admitted  that  the  railroad  is  not  the  result  but 
the  very  means  of  civilization,  and  that  the  penetra- 
tion of  the  desert  with  these  drastic  threads  of  steel 
would  naturally  result  in  the  ultimate  reclamation  of 
all  available  soil  and  resources  — nevertheless,  these 
men  of  the  Rio  Grande  Western  have  encouraged 
and  fostered  every  enterprise,  every  hope,  every 
thought,  until  now  "the  State  has  its  diversified 
abundant  resources  in  the  trend  that  leads  to  per- 
fected development. 

The  Rio  Grande  Western  Railway  was  not  the 
first  to  push  its  way  into  the  desert  and  valleys  of 
Utah,  nor  is  it  the  last.  Others  will  come,  but 
while  we  are  waiting  the  Rio  Grande  Western  is 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  95 

silently  forging  through  the  valleys  and  passes  in 
its  onward  march  to  the  sea.  Its  San  Pete  and 
Sevier  Branch,  completed  to  Manti  in  December, 
1890,  to  Salina  in  July  of  the  following  year,  to 
Richfield  in  June,  1896,  and  now  in  course  of  con- 
struction to  Marysville,  is  perhaps  the  only  line  of 
railway  extension  now  being  built  between  the  Mis- 
souri River  and  the  western  coast.  The  Rio 
Grande  Western  also  has  a  branch  line  in  actual 
course  of  construction  extending  from  Provo  to 
Park  City,  with  a  probability  of  being  pushed  into 
the  Uintah  Indian  reservation.  The  total  mileage  of 
the  Rio  Grande  Western  is  not  great — it  has  but 
570.9  miles  in  its  system,  but  its  branches  to 
Eureka  and  the  Tintic  Mining  District  (completed 
in  December,  1891),  to  Bingham,  to  Scofield  and  to 
Sevier,  thread  the  valleys  of  the  State,  making  it 
possible  for  the  husbandman  to  market  his  goods 
and  the  miner  to  sell  his  product.  This  little  line 
of  railway  has  kept  abreast  of  the  times  in  other 
ways.  Its  road  bed  and  equipment  have  been 
fashioned  after  the  established  successes  of  its  older 
allies  of  the  east.  All  modern  appliances  for  the 
safety,  convenience  and  comfort  of  its  patrons  are 
ferreted  and  adjusted  to  its  requirements. 

If  the  future  of  a  new  state  is  dependent  upon 
the  enlargement,  liberality  and  aid  of  its  transporta- 
tion facilities  and  influence,  then  the  young  State 
of  Utah  with  an  organization  of  the  character  of  its 
greatest  railroad,  may  front  the  future  without  tear 
of  disappointment. 

Many  of  the  fine  half-tone  cuts  which  embellish 
this  book,  and  especially  those  of  the  Mercur 


96  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

district,  are  published  through  the  courtesy  of  the 
Rio  Grande  Western  Railway,  whose  General  Pas- 
senger Agent  Mr.  Frank  A.  Wadleigh  has  done 
more  to  advertise  the  great  natural  resources  of 
Utah,  and  promote  the  general  interest,  than  any 
individual  or  corporation  in  the  State. 


of  16  to  i. 

Sixteen  to  one  means  the  ratio  that  should 
exist  between  gold  and  silver  as  money.  It  means 
that  in  the  United  States  at  least,  in  all  the  world, 
if  possible,  sixteen  ounces  of  silver  shall  be  the 
equal  of  one  ounce  of  gold;  that  sixteen  ounces  of 
silver  shall  pay  as  many  debts,  purchase  as  many 
articles  of  necessity,  procure  as  much  of  the  luxu- 
ries of  life  as  one  ounce  of  gold.  It  means  that 
there  shall  be  no  legal  choice  between  the  debtor 
and  the  creditor,  between  the  buyer  and  the  seller, 
between  the  producer  and  the  consumer,  as  to 
which  shall  pass  as  the  equivalent  of  the  debt  paid, 
the  article  sold  or  the  thing  purchased — whether  it 
be  sixteen  ounces  of  silver  or  one  ounce  of  gold. 


The  erection  of  the  first  smelter  in  Utah  began 
June  11,  1870,  by  the  Woodhull  Brothers  on  Little 
Cottonwood  Creek.  On  the  6th  of  August  following 
they  exhibited  5,000  pounds  of  bullion  as  the  first 
run  of  the  smelter. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  97 


preamble  to  /r\ir;ii??. 

The  economic  resources  of  nearly  every  county 
in  Utah  are  quite  identical  as  regards  mineraliza- 
tion, owing  to  the  fact  that  they  are  mountainous  as 
a  rule,  and  all  the  mountains  contain  mineral  zones 
of  one  character  or  another,  not  all  alike  by  any 
means,  but  all  containing  precious  metal?. 

The  Mexicans  were  the  first  miners  known  in 
Utah,  but  the  extent  of  their  operations  can  never 
be  known,  as  they  filled  up  the  excavations  after 
having  extracted  the  ores  or  having  abandoned 
their  mines  to  enter  the  more  profitable  trade  of 
slavery.  Nothing  is  known  as  to  the  time  or  the 
period  in  which  what  is  now  the  State  of  Utah  was 
mined  by  the  Mexicans,  who  packed  their  ores  all 
the  way  to  Santa  Fe  to  be  smelted.  The  facts  are 
evidenced  by  a  remarkable  discovery  made  in 
Kamas  Prairie  in  the  Weber  Valley,  in  August, 
1870,  by  a  party  of  mine  prospectors.  They  came 
upon  a  sort  of  a  hole  filled  with  loose  dirt,  and 
their  curiosity  being  aroused,  they  excavated  it, 
and  opened  up  an  old  shaft  sunk  years  before  by 
the  Mexicans.  The  hanging  wall  of  the  vein  had 
been  cut  by  steel  tools,  and  a  series  of  steps  in  the 


98  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

earth  led  down  into  the  shaft,  by  which  method  the 
debris  was  removed  from  the  mine.  From  the 
bottom  of  the  shaft  a  tunnel  or  drift  ran  for  a  great 
distance  along  the  vein.  Some  of  the  rubbish  was 
removed,  among  which  were  found  several  speci- 
mens of  good  silver  ore. 

In  1852  one  of  a  party  of  Mexicans  was  arrested 
for  kidnaping  Indians  for  the  purpose  of  reducing 
them  to  slavery  in  Mexico.  The  Mexican  con- 
fessed to  General  William  H.  Kimball,  deputy 
marshal,  that  Indian  slave  trading  was  the  most 
profitable  business  he  had  been  in  since  he  stopped 
packing  ore  from  a  point  50  miles  from  Provo  Fort 
to  Santa  Fe.  Provo  Fort  is  on  the  Timpanogas 
River,  and  in  the  vicinity  of  where  the  ancient  mine 
was  discovered  in  the  Weber  Valley.  Several  like 
discoveries  have  since  been  made. 

The  experiences,  favorable  and  unfavorable,  of 
other  and  older,  or  if  not  older,  more  fully  de- 
veloped mining  camps  of  the  west,  has  made  mining 
in  Utah  a  matter  approximating  a  fixed  science. 
Considering  the  limited  time  that  Utah  mines  and 
minerals  have  been  before  the  world  as  a  business 
proposition,  no  field  has  awakened  more  earnest  inter- 
est by  men  of  the  very  highest  professional  reputa- 
tion, who  have  been  so  willing  to  hazard  their  money 
along  with  their  judgment  in  the  guarded  ventures 
that  must  be  taken  in  even  the  most  rational  con- 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  99 

jectures  of  mining.  For  almost  a  half-century  it 
has  been  known  that  the  alluvial  wash  all  over  Utah 
has  contained  the  golden  fleece,  and  for  over  thirty 
years  the  treasure- vaults  of  her  mighty  mineral  veins 
have  yielded  up  their  treasures  of  every  precious 
and  base  metal  known.  The  whole  of  Utah  has 
shown  to  hold  beneath  her  rugged  surface  a  natural 
treasure-vault  which  legislation  cannot  make  less 
valuable  nor  centuries  exhaust.  Since  July,  1893, 
the  silver  and  lead  industry  of  Utah  has  suffered 
the  same  paralysis  coincident  with  other  mining 
states,  some  of  which  met  almost  total  annihilation 
of  that  industry,  but  with  them,  turned  their  atten- 
tion to  the  development  of  gold  deposits,  and  with 
a  noiseless  and  steady  development,  without  the 
blare  of  trumpets  or  newspaper  buncombe,  has 
reached  results  that  naturally  seem  incredible,  made 
along  the  lines  of  scientific  and  well  defined 
exploration. 

Since  the  pioneers  first  entered  the  Great  Salt 
Lake  Valley  mining,  until  recently,  as  an  industry 
had  been  discouraged  by  the  dominant  people. 
They  justly  encouraged  agriculture  and  horticulture 
as  the  surer  and  safer  source  of  livelihood,  and  the 
wisdom  of  this  is  most  strikngly  shown  throughout 
this  vast  and  glorious  commonwealth.  But  a  few 
ventured  after  the  hidden  treasures  in  the  numerous 


100  MINES,   MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

mountain  chains,  and  have  been  most  munificently 
rewarded.  For  over  thirty  years  there  has  been 
development,  and  from  some  of  the  mines  untold 
\vealth  has  been  extracted.  But  in  the  cold  light 
of  facts  all  the  producing  mines  of  Utah  up  to  ten 
years  ago  could  almost  be  counted  upon  the  fingers 
of  both  hands,  and  the  Congressional  crushing 
given  silver  lessened  even  this  number.  It  was 
then  that  the  silver  ledges  were  abandoned  and  the 
miners  went  prospecting  for  gold,  and  discovery 
followed  discovery  so  rapidly  that  today  there  are 
areas,  miles  in  extent,  known  to  contain  fabulous 
deposits  of  gold  that  have  stirred  the  life's  blood 
not  only  of  Utahians  but  of  the  entire  Intermountain 
country,  until  the  eyes  of  the  east,  and  even  foreign 
nations,  are  turned  full  of  no  uncertain  meaning  to 
Utah.  With  so  little  development  Mercur  stands 
without  a  parallel  in  mining  history  in  her  exposed 
wealth — a  gold  area  eight  by  fifteen  miles  in  extent, 
the  largest  and  richest  known  in  the  world,  and 
whose  values  are  shipped  to  mill  from  the  very  sur- 
face to  great  depths,  all  over  this  vast  gold  zone. 
Unlimited  wealth  lies  awaiting  intelligent  invest- 
ment now,  and  it  will  require  fully  fifty  years  to 
even  prospect  the  mineral  area  of  Utah.  Every 
precious  and  common  mineral  known  is  found  in 
Utah,  and  found  in  abundance  and  easy  of  access 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH.  101 

which  can  be  said  of  few  other  states  or  countries 
in  the  world,  and  the  continual  new  discoveries 
made  in  all  parts  of  the  state  warrant  the  conserva- 
tive statement  that  Utah  is  upon  the  eve  of  the 
greatest  activity  in  <*old  mining  ever  known  in  the 
West.  Already  some  of  the  most  largely  interested 
mining  men  of  Montana,  Nevada,  Idaho,  Colorado 
and  California  have  made  Utah  their  headquarters 
and  are  investing  themselves  in  property  as  fast  as 
they  can  procure  ground  in  the  mineral  fields  thus 
far  discovered.  This  fact  speaks  louder  than  words 
of  the  true  value  of  the  country  as  estimated  by 
mining  men  of  means.  While  the  history  of  mining 
is  full  of  inexplicable  anomalies,  and  the  geologist 
is  more  times  wrong  than  right  on  his  "formations," 
Utah  has  never  suffered  with  sporadic  mining 
booms,  and  no  camp  has  yet  been  dubbed  "worth- 
less," every  field  opened  up  proving  to  be  as  lasting 
as  the  eternal  hills.  The  possibilities  of  these 
treasure  zones,  with  the  wealth  already  disclosed, 
and  that  which  lies  deeper  and  still  concealed,  is" 
quite  beyond  human  calculation,  but  conservative 
experts  are  unanimous  that  years  of  development  will 
only  increase  favorable  showing.  Every  day  the 
hardy  prospector  sees  the  transition  of  his  pros- 
pect into  a  mine.  The  glad  tidings  of  new  dis- 
coveries are  of  hourly  occurrence,  and  thus,  as  time 
passes,  the  secrets  of  the  earth  are  surrendered  to 
the  hero  of  the  pick  and  drill. 


102  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 


piopeer  ai}d 

Among  the  pioneer  and  recent  camps  not  men- 
tioned under  special  heads,  where  great  producing 
mines  claim  individual  distinction,  may  be  men- 
tioned Alta,  Big  Cottonwood,  American  Fork  Can- 
yon, Frisco,  Ophir,  Stockton,  Silver  City,  Silver 
Reef,  Diamond,  Dry  Canyon  and  Marysvale. 
There  are  many  other  of  more  or  less  repute  that 
claimed  distinction  in  the  long  ago.  The  more 
recent  districts  and  camps  not  otherwise  mentioned 
are  Deep  Creek,  La  Plata,  Line  district  in  Western 
Iron  County;  Newton  district  in  Eastern  Beaver 
County;  Detroit  and  the  Skull  and  Rush  Valleys. 
There  are  dozens  of  individual  and  group  locations 
that  are  working  out  a  prosperous  destiny. 

Up  and  along  and  through  all  the  canyons  in 
the  mountains  contiguous  to  Salt  Lake  City  the 
wily  prospector  is  found  omnipresent,  and  all  are 
meeting  with  the  success  of  striking  it  rich.  Up 
City  Creek  canyon,  within  two  miles  of  the  the  Salt 
Lake  postoffice  a  gold  vein  has  been  opened  that 
assays  $20  in  gold  to  the  ton,  and  this  vein  and 
others  are  all  clearly  defined  on  both  sides  of  the 
canyon.  The  same  can  be  as  truthfully  said  of  Dry 
and  Red  Canyons,  where  rich  discoveries  have  but 
recently  been  made  within  the  limits  of  Salt  Lake 
City. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     103 

/}lta  /T)ii?ii??  District. 


The  Alta  Mining  District  is  in  Salt  Lake 
County,  and  was  at  one  time  the  center  of  the  Little 
Cottonwood  mining  district.  It  is  situated  near  the 
summit  of  Little  Cottonwood  Canyon,  at  the  foot 
of  the  once  famous  Emma  Hill.  At  one  time,  in 
the  halcyon  days  of  the  first  mining  furore,  Alta 
was  a  populous  and  influential  camp.  In  the 
spring  of  1878  it  was  about  wiped  off  the  map  of 
creation  by  a  disastrous  fire,  and  it  still  remains 
quite  buried  in  its  own  ashes.  It  is  located  seven- 
teen miles  from  Sandy,  and  twenty-eight  miles  from 
Salt  Lake  City  by  rail  via  the  Rio  Grande  Western 
Railway.  The  great  impetus  given  mining  in  Utah 
in  1895  and  1896  has  done  much  toward  reviving 
the  industry  in  the  Alta  district,  and  many  old, 
abandoned  properties  have  been  relocated  and 
development  on  modern  lines  started.  The  once 
famous  Emma,  and  Flagstaff  mines,  and  many 
others  will  be  heard  from  at  no  distant  day.  It 
bids  fair  to  revive  the  old  days  of  prosperous  mining. 


ai?d 

So  far  but  one  mining  district  of  any  note  has 
been  organized  in  Rich  County,  the  Garden  City 
District,  of  which  Mr.  C.  S.  Vaterlous  is  recorder. 
This  district  embraces  the  Rich-Cache  and  other 
mines.  It  was  organized  Dec.  1st,  1894.  The  by- 
laws require  by  amendment  adopted  April  14,  '96, 


104     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

that  all  cliams  must  be  re-staked  by  the  1st  of  July, 
'96,  so  that  the  lines  of  each  claim  could  be  clearly 
traced.  The  penalty  not  to  comply  with  this 
requirement  involves,  by  the  local  by-law,  a  forfei- 
ture of  the  claim.  The  boundaries  are  the  Idaho 
line  on  the  north,  the  dividing  line  betwesn  Rich 
and  Cache  counties  on  the  west,  Cherry  Creek  and 
Meadowville  road  on  the  south,  and  the  west  shore 
of  the  lake  on  the  east.  Besides  the  Rich-Cache 
the  most  noted  claims  are  the  Eldorado  at  Swan 
Creek,  and  the  Copper  King,  both  of  which  are 
developed  to  a  depth  of  from  80  to  150  feet.  Other 
claims  are  the  Argosa,  the  Black  Bess,  the  Ray- 
mond and  the  Champion,  the  Wild  Goose,  Grey 
Eagle,  Blue  Bird,  etc.  Copper  is  the  prevailing 
mineral  shown  in  all  these  claims,  and  the  surface 
croppings  are  very  encouraging. 

Besides  these  are  several  claims  over  the  line  in 
Cache  County,  in  which  silver  and  lead  are  the 
dominating  minerals.  A  district  has  not  yet  been 
organized,  but  considerable  work  is  being  done 
each  year  with  better  and  more  encouraging  show- 
ings as  the  work  progresses. 


THE    RICH-CACHE. 

After  the  Sundown  and  La  Plata  the  mines 
most  noted  connected  with  Cache  County  is  that  of 
the  Rich-Cache.  This  group  is  situated  some 
thirty-four  miles  east  of  Logan  and  about  the  same 
distance  from  Montpelier  in  Idaho.  They  are  near 
the  crest  ot  the  range  dividing  the  two  counties, 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     105 

and  being  just  over  the  ridge  are  in  the  Bear  Lake 
country.  The  company  owns  six  claims  along  the 
strike  of  the  vein,  with  the  exception  of  one  which 
parallels  some  of  the  others.  The  principal  product 
is  copper,  though  both  gold  and  silver  are  contained 
in  the  product.  Most  of  the  development  work  has 
been  done  on  what  is  known  as  the  Daisy  claim. 
About  four  hundred  feet  of  development  work, 
besides  some  surface  labor  to  show  the  trend  and 
character  of  the  vein,  has  been  done.  This  includes 
shafts,  tunnels,  drifts  and  so  on.  The  contact  is  of 
limestone,  quartzite  and  shale.  One  shaft  of  the 
Daisy  is  76  feet  deep,  though  most  of  the  work  has 
been  done  on  what  is  called  the  55-foot  level,  where 
they  have  exposed  the  vein  to  a  width  of  6x15  feet. 
The  ore  here  averages  20  per  cent,  copper.  This  is 
the  result  of  some  twenty  average  assays  and  at  the 
greater  depth  the  same  assays  hold  good.  The  best 
copper  assay  is  76  7/10  per  cent  copper,  $9  in  gold 
and  20oz.  in  silver.  Considerable  ore  is  now  on  the 
dump  and  it  will  average  10  per  cent,  copper.  A 
good  wagon  road,  accessible  the  year  round  is  built 
to  the  mine.  There  is  abundance  of  water  for  all 
but  power  purposes,  and  there  is  no  limit  to  the 
timber  that  is  necessary.  It  is  claimed  that  tests 
have  demonstrated  that  the  ore  can  readily  be  con- 
centrated. If  this  is  a  fact  the  property  should 
be  of  great  value. 


106     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

ai?d  Ca  plata. 


A  sheep  herder  and  owner  first  discovered  ore  in 
the  La  Plata  district,  and  the  greatest  work  done  is 
on  the  mine,  where  he  discovered  galena  as  a  result 
of  the  travelling  of  his  sheep.  A  shaft  was  sunk  by 
the  Sundown  and  La  Plata  Mining  Company  a 
depth  of  165  feet,  and  many  drifts  and  levels  run. 
Never  were  they  without  ore,  and  at  all  times 
galena  running  up  close  to  80  per  cent,  lead  could 
be  taken  from  a  vein  that  seemed  to  be  full  of  clay, 
the  ore  coming  in  kidneys  which  would  average 
from  a  grain  up  to  150  pounds  in  weight.  This 
same  ore  can  be  had  at  any  time.  The  company  has 
a  good  steam  hoist,  and  could  resume  work  with 
very  slight  cost  at  any  time.  A  tunnel  was  also  run 
in  the  Sundown  claim  about  190  feet  with  the 
expectation  that  a  vein  of  lead  ore  would  be 
encountered  directly  under  a  point  on  which  a 
boulder  having  not  less  than  150  to  200  tons  of 
pure  galena  in  it  had  been  discovered  and  shipped 
to  the  smelters.  But  in  all  this  distance  no  ore 
was  discovered. 

At  a  point  south  of  this  and  on  the  same  claim 
some  very  healthy  copper  indications  were  exposed, 
but  after  the  expenditure  of  about  $20,000  the  com- 
pany suspended  operations,  the  price  of  lead  and 
the  blow  at  silver  not  warranting  the  further  outlay 
of  money,  with  the  assurance  that  little  was  to  be 
had  even  if  ore  in  quantities  were  found. 

Latterly  the  company  has  had  some  work  done 
on  the  ground  giving  copper  indications  and  the 
most  gratifying  results  have  followed.  At  different 


MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  107 

points  the  presence  of  a  very  high  grade  of  copper 
ore  has  been  developed,  and  the  ore  has  been  found 
in  place  and  seems  to  be  continuous. 

A  2^  foot  vein  has  been  followed  for  some 
thirty  feet,  showing  solid  mineral  which  assays  from 
30  per  cent,  to  50  per  cent,  gray  copper,  while  the 
balance  is  iron.  It  is  thought  that  there  will  be  a 
revival  of  interest  and  work  in  the  claims  as  a  result 
of  this,  and  if  further  developments  continue  as 
favorable  in  appearance  as  at  present,  money  will  be 
expended  to  determine  beyond  all  doubt  the  worth 
of  what  now  appears  so  promising. 

The  Yellow  Jacket  shows  a  large  body  of  car- 
bonate ores  that  would  pay  at  any  time  were  they 
not  so  far  from  railroad  transportation.  They  can 
be  concentrated,  but  the  roads  have  been  too  bad 
and  the  price  of  lead  too  low  to  justify  a  continua- 
tion of  the  work. 

The  Sunrise  has  been  developed  through  an 
incline  to  a  depth  of  over  100  feet,  and  shows  a 
continuous  vein  of  solid  galena  varying  in  width  the 
whole  distance.  It  has  demonstrated  beyond  doubt 
that  the  district  is  rich  in  galena  ores  and  that  it 
will  in  time  come  to  the  front  as  one  of  the  greatest 
lead  camps  in  the  west. 

From  the  Idaho  line  on  the  north  to  Weber 
County  on  the  south,  claims  have  been  located  and 
more  or  less  development  work  done.  Excellent 
surface  indications  have  been  found  near  Franklin, 
Richmond,  Smithfield,  Logan,  and  on  down  to  Para- 
dise and  far  south,  where  great  copper  prospects  are 
being  opened  up.  In  fact,  from  La  Plata  all  the 
distance  in  a  south-easterly  direction  to  a  point 


108  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

some  twelve  to  fifteen  miles  south  of  Paradise  are 
to  be  found  immense  ledges  showing  such  a  high 
percentage  of  copper  together  with  silver  and  gold, 
as  to  satisfy  mining  men  who  have  examined  the 
country  that  great  mines  are  yet  to  be  developed  in 
this  section.  The  above  has  been  confirmed  in  the 
last  two  weeks  by  the  wonderful  exposure  of  ore 
bodies  in  the  Blue  Bell  mine  near  Paradise,  and 
properties  in  the  Garden  City  District,  near  Rich- 
Cache  which  also,  on  the  20th  of  August,  1896,  was 
making  a  superb  showing. 


Box  rHd<?r 

Covers  a  very  wide  area,  practically  unprospected 
save  slightly  along  the  western  base  of  the  range 
near  Brigham  and  Willard  Cities  and  on  South  to 
Ogden.  Some  very  excellent  showings  have  been 
made,  and  considerable  work  has  been  done,  the 
New  American  Mining  and  Milling  Company  being 
one  of  the  formost  and  most  confident  property 
owners  in  this  district.  It  is  worthy  of  note  that 
the  great  copper  finds  of  Paradise  mining  district 
are  within  about  12  miles  of  Brigham  City  and  in 
the  same  range  of  mountains. 

Another  is  the  Garfield  Mining  Co.,  located  about 
five  miles  north  of  Brigham  City,  on  Gold  Hill. 
It  has  run  a  tunnel  in  1,300  feet,  and  drifted  hund- 
reds of  feet  beside.  The  ore  vein  is  said  to  be  60 
feet  wide.  The  company  is  working  vigorously,  and 
is  well  equipped  for  work, 


MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF    UTAH.  109 

"[*!?<?  Salt  Industry. 

There  are  very  many  industries  in  Utah,  outside 
of  its  mining  interests,  that  approximate  in  value 
the  salt  manufacturing  business.  So  much  has 
been  written  concerning  the  Great  Salt  Lake  that  it 
is  hardly  necessary  to  describe  it  in  this  article; 
but  we  will  briefly  review  the  methods  whereby  the 
brine  or  water  of  the  Lake,  which  is  about  18  per 
cent  solid?,  is  converted  into  salt.  It  was  the  cus- 
tom in  early  ddys  to  gather  salt  from  along  the 
shore,  where  the  salt  water  had  evaporated;  but 
with  the  advent  of  development,  it  was  found  that 
salt  of  this  kind,  besides  being  dirty,  was  extremely 
impure. 

The  Inland  Crystal  Salt  Co.,  by  far  the 
largest  salt  company  in  Utah,  have  a  very  complete 
plant  for  the  manufacture  of  all  kinds  of  salt,  and 
their  method  consists  of  pumping  water  to  an 
elevation  of  about  15  feet;  their  pumps  being 
located  at  some  distance  from  the  shore.  The 
water,  after  being  raised,  is  flurried  to  the  shore, 
and  there  distributed  in  shallow  ponds.  The  pond 
area  of  this  plant  is  about  1,000  acres.  This  is 
covered  to  a  depth  of  about  15  inches;  and  as 
evaporation  commences  to  take  place,  the  ponds 
are  constantly  replenished,  so  that  the  depth  of 
water  in  these  ponds  is  kept  almost  uniform.  Pre- 
cipitation occurs  at  a  temperature  of  about  90 
degrees  with  best  results;  and  one  of  the  tricks  of 
the  business  is  to  prevent  quick  evaporation,  which 
occurs  at  high  temperature  and  precipitates  impuri- 


110  MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

ties  as  well  as  salt.  The  desire  is  to  keep  the 
impurities  in  solution,  and  drain  them  back  into 
the  Lake.  A  goo  1  season  will  make  a  deposit  of 
from  6  to  8  inches  of  salt,  which  is  shoveled  up  into 
piles,  and  allowed  to  remain  in  the  weather  until 
needed.  The  great  market  in  the  past,  of  course, 
for  this  grade  of  salt,  which  is  known  as  milling  or 
stock  salt,  has  been  the  silver  mills;  but  that  busi- 
ness has  sadly  deteriorated  since  the  summer 
of  1893. 

As  an  illustration  of  the  extent  of  the  industry 
prior  to  that  time,  the  company  above  referred  to 
made  no  less  than  125,000  tons  in  one  year.  The 
immense  value  of  this  business  to  the  railroads  can 
be  readily  seen,  and  the  amount  distributed  in 
wages  is  also  great. 

Hard  times  forced  action  toward  the  develop- 
ment of  the  refined  salt  business,  and  became 
characterized. 

The  peculiar  characteristics  of  the  Salt  Lake 
salt  made  it  very  difficult  to  refine,  and  it  was  only 
after  extensive  experiments,  that  the  Inland  Crystal 
Salt  Company  discovered  that  it  was  possible  to 
make  a  granulated  salt  that  is  superior  to  any 
imported  dairy  salt. 

The  process  consists  simply  of  drying  thor- 
oughly crude  salt,  purifying  it  as  it  is  being  dried, 
then  cracking  it,  and  treating  it  to  another  purify- 
ing process,  after  which  it  is  sifted  and  graded. 

There  are  a  number  of  other  companies 
engaged  in  the  salt  business,  though  the  hard 
times  have  caused  most  of  them  to  practically 


MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  Ill 

suspend  operations.  There  are  but  two  salt 
refineries  in  Salt  Lake  City.  At  Nephi  are  immense 
deposits  of  Red  Rock  salt. 

At  Salina,  there  are  also  large  deposits  of  Red 
Rock  salt,  and  the  superiority  of  this  salt  over 
others,  gives  it  a  very  fair  trade  over  the  State  and 
in  Colorado  for  cattle  feeding. 

An  artificial  rock  salt  is  manufactured  by  the 
Inland  Crystal  Salt  Company,  at  Salt  Lake,  that  is 
meeting  with  great  favor.  It  is  a  patented  article, 
containing  2  per  cent  sulphur.  It  is  said  to  be  a 
specific  for  blood  diseases  and  scab,  in  cattle. 

There  are  salt  springs  at  Nephi  which  furnish 
a  very  good  quality  of  brine.  A  company  at  that 
point  evaporates  this  brine,  and  make  a  very  superior 
article  of  table  and  dairy  salt.  The  annual  output 
of  salt  in  Utah  may  be  estimated  at  about  fiO,000 
tons,  valued  at  about  $250,000.  This  is  just  about 
one-third  of  what  the  business  amounted  to  five 
years  ago. 

SALT   LAKE   HERALD. 

DAILY  AND  SEMI-WEEKLY. 


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ALL  THE   NEWS  ALL  THE  TIME. 
Daily,   per  year,  $10.        Semi -weekly,  per  year,  $1.25. 


112  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH. 

preparation  of   Or^s. 


It  is  not  always  that  mineral  as  it  comes  from 
the  mines  is  ready  for  sale,  but  frequently  requires 
to  be  subjected  to  "dress,"  or  pass  through  me 
chanical  processes  to  free  the  good  ore  from  value- 
less veinstone,  which  is  usually  accomplished  by 
either  washing  and  hand-sorting,  disintegration  or 
reduction  in  size;  classification  by  size  or  by  equiv- 
alence or  by  concentration.  There  are  primeval 
ways  to  all  these  methods,  but  the  practical,  up-to- 
date  miner  needs  not  to  be  told  which  \vay  is  best. 
But  we  are  not  all  such  miners,  hence  a  few  brief 
descriptions: 

Washing  tro~nmels  are  revolving  cylinders  on 
truncated  cones  of  sheet  steel  provided  with  teeth 
inside.  The  ore  is  fed  in  at  one  end,  subjected  to 
a  stream  of  water,  and  emerges  at  the  other  end. 
Thus  cleansed  the  ore  is  easily  sorted  from  the 
veinstone,  and  further  sorted  as  to  the  grade  of  the 
ore,  or  the  various  kinds  of  ore  that  are  contained 
in  the  vein. 

Reduction  in  size  is  practically  necessary  for 
several  reasons  well  known  to  miners.  If  the  ore 
was  originally  clean  enough  .for  the  smelter  the 
large  chunks  should  be  crushed  to  obtain  a  fair 
sample  of  the  whole,  and  it  is  known  that  ore  par- 
ticles are  found  enclosed  in  or  adhering  to  particles 
of  barren  veinstone.  There  are  stone-breakers, 
stamps,  rolls,  mills  and  centrifugal  pulverizers  used 
in  this  process. 

Classification  of  a  crushed    ore  into    sizes  is  ad- 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  113 

visable  in  some  cases  and  necessary  in  others;  be- 
cause concentration  is  dependant  upon  the  fall  of 
the  particle  sin  the  water.  This  is  accomplished  by 
cylindrical  or  conical  sieves  or  screens,  known  also 
as  separators  or  classifiers,  which,  while  not  effect- 
ing a  true  classification  by  size,  cause  a  division  by 
equivalence.  The  ore  is  then  enriched  by  concen- 
tration of  the  valuable  particles  into  as  small  a 
bulk  as  is  economically  advantageous.  After  the 
ore  particles  are  in  the  water,  they  are  usually 
collected  by  mercury  or  magnetism,  if  gold  and 
silver  ore.  The  principal  machines  used  in  this 
process  are  the  jiggers,  rotating,  percussion  or  side- 
blow  frames,  and  the  Frue  vanner.  The  hand, 
concave  and  round  buddle  and  keeve  are  more  for 
experimental  than  practical  use. 

The  series  of  processes  employed  in  "dressing" 
an  ore  varies  according  to  the  particular  mineral  to 
be  concentrated,  the  size  of  its  particles,  and  the 
nature  of  the  other  minerals  with  which  it  is  as- 
sociated. With  gold  ores  reduced  by  stone-breakers 
or  stamps,  much  of  the  metal  is  caught  by  quick- 
silver; what  escapes  is  concentrated  with  accom- 
panying pyrites  and  treated  by  amalgamation,  chlor- 
ination  or  lixiviation.  Silver  ore  is  likewise  amal- 
gamated and  concentrated  when  necessary,  but 
water  causes  a  serious  loss.  Lead  ores*  are 
sometimes  crushed  and  classified,  and  also  concen- 
trated. Zinc  ore  is  dressed  in  the  same  manner  as 
lead  ore,  and  as  galena  and  zinc- blende  are  fre- 
quently associated,  they  are  separated  by  the  jig, 
buddle  and  frame.  Tin  ore  is  crushed  fine  and  the 


114  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

sand  and  slime  concentrated  by  the  round  huddle, 
keeve  and  frames  which  get  it  as  close  as  possible 
to  cassiterite  in  the  percentage  of  metal.  Copper 
ores  are  crushed,  sized,  jigged  and  buddled,  but  as 
some  of  the  ores  are  very  friable  and  easily  carried 
away  by  water,  hand-picking  is  employed  to  a 
greater  extent  than  with  lead  or  tin  ores,  and  the 
enrichment  by  water  is  not  carried  so  far  on  account 
of  the  inevitable  loss  that  would  ensue.  The 
amount  of  concentration  depends  largely  on  the 
distance  from  the  smelter,  and  the  mine-owner  has 
to  calculate  whether  it  is  best  to  get  a  low  price  for 
a  large  quantity  of  ore  after  paying  freight,  or  a 
higher  price  for  a  smaller  lot  after  paying  for  con- 
centration and  loss  by  that  process.  The  loss  in 
"dressing"  is  not  by  any  means  small,  as  stubborn 
facts  show  it  to  be  from  20  to  50  per  cent  in  most 
practical  experiments. 

The  art  and  science  of  smelting  has  so  much  in, 
and  of  and  to  it,  and  especially  that  which  by  re- 
search study  and  invention  of  late  years  has  so 
materially  added  to  method  and  process,  that  in  a 


JOHN 


No  ISO  Main  Street,  Salt  Lalte  City,  Utati. 

Ores  carefully  assayed.  Samples  sent  from  a 
distance  promptly  attended  to  and  returns  made 
the  following  day.  Charges  reasonable. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  115 

work  of  so  narrow  a  scope  as  intended  here,  it  can 
be  treated  upon  but  superficially.  The  field  of  work 
is  quite  limitless,  and  yet  the  same  ends  are 
reached,  the  great  study  and  art  being  to  reach  that 
end  in  the  speediest  and  most  economic  way.  It  is 
the  process  of  obtaining  metal  from  ore  by  the  com- 
bined action  of  heat,  air  and  fluxes;  said  action  be- 
ing supplemented  by  the  frequent  new  discoveries 
made  by  metallurgists,  and  the  operation  varies  ac- 
cording to  the  different  metallic  ores  to  be  operated 
on.  A  smelting  furnace  then  is  a  furnace  for  the 
purpose  of  disengaging  the  metal  from  its  gangue,  or 
the  non-metalliferous  portions  of  the  ore.  These 
furnaces  differ  as  much  as  the  styles  of  wearing  ap- 
parel, each  made  according  to  the  metals  to  be 
treated;  but  blast  and  reverberatory  furnaces  are  the 
most  common  used  in  smelting  common  ores. 

SMELTING    LEAD. 

Owing  to  the  great  fusibility  of  lead,  it  is 
easily  separable  from  the  ore  without  the  aid  of  a 
blast  in  the  furnace.  The  ore  is  sorted,  cleansed, 
ground  and  washed,  and  then  roasted  without  any 
blowing  apparatus.  Where  lead  ores  contain  other 
metals,  the  treatment  is  different — blasting,  fluxing, 
etc.,  etc. 

SMELTING    TIN. 

The  smelting  of  tin  consists  of  the  calcining  or 
roasting  of  the  ores  after  they  have  been  cleansed, 
sorted,  stamped  and  washed.  As  this  ore  is  not  yet 


116      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

found  in  commercial  quantities    in     Utah,  the  treat- 
ment will  not  be  given  in  detail. 

SMELTING    COPPER. 

The  smelting  of  copper  consists  in  alternate 
roastings  and  fusions,  [the  most  scientific  modern 
treatment  being  now  in  operation  at  Anaconda, 
Montana],  the  first  of  these  operations  being  the 
calcining  of  the  ore  in  furnaces  in  which  the  heat 
is  applied,  and  increased  gradually  till  the  tempera- 
ture be  as  high  as  the  ore  can  stand  without  melt- 
ing or  agglutinating,  when  the  ore  is  thown  into  an 
arch  formed  under  the  sole  of  the  furnace.  The 
second  operation,  or  fusion  of  the  calcined  ore,  is 
performed  in  a  luted  furnace,  the  ore  having  been 
spread  uniformly  over  the  hearth,  and  fluxes  such  as 
lime,  sand  or  fluor-spar  being  added  when  required; 
although  the  necessity  for  this  addition  is  sought 
to  be  obviated  by  a  careful  admixture  of  ores  of 
different  qualities,  the  several  earthy  components 
of  which  shall  serve  as  fluxes  in  the  fusion  of  the 
mass.  These  two  processes  of  calcination  and  fu- 
sion are. repeated  alternately,  until  the  ore  is  en- 


IfiL.    K.    HODGES, 

7SSS7SYER. 

135  W.  Second  South  St.,  fa/t  Lake   City,   Utah. 

Price  Lists  and  Envelopes    Furnished    on   Appli- 
cation.     Samples  by  mail  promptly  attended  to. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      117 

tirely  freed  from  all  the  earth  materials,  and  pure 
metal  results.  This  is  principally  known  as  the  dry 
or  pyro-metallurgical  method.  Another  is  the 
hydro  metallurgical  or  wet  method;  still  another  is 
the  electro-metallurgical  method.  The  dry  method 
is  the  least  profitable  and  practiced  for  ores  con- 
taining less  than  4  per  cent  of  copper.  The  "Eng- 
lish Method,"  practiced  at  Swansea,  in  Wales,  has 
been  greatly  modified  in  this  country,  according  to 
the  iron,  sulphur,  silica,  tin,  arsenic,  etc.,  in  the 
ores  treated.  William  Henderson  was  the  inventor 
of  the  most  elaborate  wet  process  for  copper  extrac- 
tion, in  1859,  which  he  patented,  and  is  similar  to 
the  process  patented  by  William  Longmaid,  in 
1842,  which  was  chiefly  designed  for  the  production 
of  sulphate  of  soda,  the  copper  being  a  secondary 
consideration.  From  a  very  remote  period  it  has 
been  known  that  water  which  drained  from  mines 
containing  pyritous  copper  ores,  and  which,  from  the 
oxidation  of  the  sulphide  of  copper  contained  some 
cupric  sulphate,  yielded  metallic  copper,  by  precip- 
itation in  the  presence  of  tin,  malleable  or  cast  iron. 
Copper  thus  obtained  is  known  as  concentration 
copper,  and  is  the  same  as  that  precipitated  in  the 
lixiviation  treatment. 

SILVER      SMELTING. 

There  are  more  processes  for  the  extraction  of 
silver  from  ores,  than  are  known  of  any  other 
metal.  It  has  been  the  most  experimented  with. 
So  far  as  known  the  oceans  contain  some  eleven 
thousand  million  tons  of  it,  and  it  was  this  salt  sea 


118      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

water  that  has  helped  to  teach  the  metallurgist  the 
secrets  of  the  ore  treatment.  The  Frieberg  process 
of  smelting  is  to  first  roast  the  ore  with  common 
salt,  and  then  with  water,  scrap  iron  and  mercury; 
the  mass  is  churned  in  a  barrel,  the  iron  precipitat- 
ing the  silver  which  forms  with  the  mercury  into  a 
semi-fluid  amalgam  which  is  pressed  in  a  linen  bag 
to  eliminate  silver-free  mercury  and  then  it  is  re- 
torted. The  Augustin  method  succeeded  the  Frie- 
berg. The  Mexican  process  was  invented  by  Bar- 
tolomeo  de  Medina  in  1557,  and  is  still  used  in 
Mexico,  Chilli  and  Peru.  The  ore  is  crushed,  and 
with  water  made  into  a  paste,  into  which  mules 
tramped  salt  and  sulphate  of  copper  which  con- 
verted the  silver  into  a  sort  of  amalgam  within  from 
fifteen  to  forty-five  days.  The  silver  chloride  is 
gathered  from  the  amalgam  by  colomel,  and  the 
colomel  is  allowed  to  go  to  waste  while  the  mercury 
is  saved.  Neither  of  these  processes  return  pure 
silver  even  in  a  commercial  sense. 

Modern  methods  and  processes  are  numerous, 
but  for  the  incidental  extraction  of  silver  from  es- 
sentially base-metallic  ores,  the  method  in  the  case 
of  all  lead  ores  is  simply  to  proceed  as  if  only  lead 
were  present,  and  from  the  argentiferous  lead  pro- 
duced to  extract  the  white  metal.  In  the  treatment 
of  sulphurous  copper  ores,  one  method  is  to  smelt 
the  ore  (with,  if  necessary,  an  addition  of  galena,  or 
some  form  of  oxide  of  lead)  so  as  to  produce  a  regulus 
of  lead,  and  a  matte  of  sulphide  of  copper,  which 
latter  should  contain  as  little  lead  as  possible.  The 
silver  follows  chiefly  the  lead,  and  is  extracted  from  it 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  119 


HON.  R.  C.  CHAMBERS,  OF  THE.ONTARIO^AND  DALY. 


120  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 


HON.  J.  J.  DALY,  OF  THE  DALY-WEST. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      121 

by  cupellation,  but  some  silver  will  stay  even  with 
a  lead-free  matte.  A  modern  method  of  extracting 
silver  from  copper  matte,  is  to  roast  it  at  a  low 
temperature,  which  will  produce  a  large  proportion 
of  metallic  sulphate,  and  then  destroy  the  copper 
with  a  higher  temperature.  The  silver  remains 
as  sulphate  which  is  extracted  with  hot  diluted 
sulphuirc  acid.  However,  the  Lautenhach,  Claudet 
and  Field  processes  are  familiar  to  those  interested, 
and  bring  the  science  down  to  the  very  present  of 
modern  treatment  of  silver  ores. 

RECOVERING     GOLD. 

The  "dressing,"  or  mechanical  prepartion  of 
vein  stuff  containing  gold,  is  quite  like  that  of  other 
ores,  but  principally  by  amalgamation.  We  will 
not  touch  upon  the  methods  of  the  placer  with  pan, 
batea,  cradle,  trough,  sluice  and  hydraulic  mining, 
the  Mexican  crusher  or  arrastra,  and  the  Chilean 
mill  or  tropiche,  were  the  first  gold  "mills."  The 
stamp  mill  of  California  was  the  basis  upon  which 
has  been  built  all  pestle  mills.  Then  came  the 
rotating  mill  with  mercury  and  blankets,  and  then 
the  Hungarian  mill,  and  various  styles  of  pan 
amalgamators  based  on  the  Knox  style.  Of  course 

W.     CURRIE, 

ASSAYER, 

159   MAIN  STREET,  SALT  LAKE  CITY. 

POST    OFFICE    BOX    565 - 


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124  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAK  = 

it  depends  on  the  ore  to  be  treated  as  to  which  is 
the  best  method,  but  at  this  particular  age  of  the 
world  as  to  mining,  it  is  the  cheapest  method  for 
the  treatment  of  low-grade  gold  ores  that  the  miner 
and  mill  man  are  after. 

In  the  Knox  pan  the  pulp  is  made  of  the  con- 
sistency to  adhere  lo  a  stick,  then  heated  with 
steam  after  three  hours  grinding  and  next  five 
pounds  of  mercury  are  added  together  with  a  cup- 
ful of  equal  parts  saltpetre  and  sal  ammoniac.  The 
slime  is  then  worked  for  another  three  hours  when 
water  with  a  little  caustic  lime  is  added  and  then 
the  pulp  is  discharged,  first  through  an  upper  and 
then  through  a  lower  hole.  One  of  the  greatest 
difficulties  in  amalgamating  gold,  especially  that 
contained  in  pyrites,  is  the  "sickening"  or  flouring 
of  the  mercury,  which  loses  its  bright,  metallic 
surfaces,  thus  failing  to  take  up  other  metals. 
Sodium  amalgam  is  the  best  remedy  for  this.  Tt 
has  been  shown  that  cyanide  of  potassium  loses 
gold.  In  the  separation  of  gold  from  the  amalgam, 
it  is  first  pressed  in  wetted  canvas  or  buckskin  in 
order  to  remove  excessive  mercury.  Lumps  of  solid 
amalgam  are  then  introduced  into  an  iron  vessel 
lined  with  a  paste  of  fire-clay  and  wood  ashes,  and 
provided  with  an  iron  tube  that  dips  below  the 
surface  of  water,  and  the  distillation  is  then 
effected  by  heating.  The  bullion  left  in  the  retorts 
is  then  melted  in  black-lead  crucibles,  with  the 
addition  of  small  quantities  of  suitable  fluxes. 

The  extraction  of  gold  from  auriferous  min- 
erals by  fusion,  except  as  an  incident  in  their 
treatment  for  other  metals,  is  rarely  practiced. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      125 

Gold  in  galena  or  other  lead  ores  is  invariably 
recovered  in  the  refining  or  treatment  of  the  lead 
and  silver  obtained.  There  are  two  many  processes 
for  refining  gold  to  be  covered  in  a  work  of  so 
narrow  a  scope  as  this,  but  all  are  easy  of  access 
to  those  interested. 

As  for  the  kinds  and  styles  of  furnaces  used  in 
the  treatment  and  smelting  of  ores,  they  are  as 
•numerous  and  diversified  as  the  refining  and  mill 
processes,  and  the  detail  of  one  or  all  may  be 
easily  learned  by  those  concerned. 

LIXIVIATION  TREATMENT. 

The  process  of  extracting  and  saving  the  gold 
in  the  ores  of  the  Mercur  district  is  by  the  lixivia- 
tion  process.  The  gold  is  very  fine  and  in  a 
divided  state,  which  is  dissolved  in  a  weak  solution 
of  cyanide  of  potassium  just  as  sugar  is  dissolved 
by  water,  the  proportion  being  about  two  pounds  of 
potassic  cyanide  to  forty-eight  gallons  of  water,  and 
it  takes  from  twenty-four  hours  to  three  days  to 
dissolve  the  gold  in  a  vat  or  tank,  filled  with  ore 
and  treated  in  this  way.  This  cyaniding  is  the  great 
•factor  in  the  industrial  development  of  the  district. 
AJter  the  gold  is  in  the  c\anide  solution  it  is  preci- 
pitated by  passing  the  liquor  over  zinc  shavings, 
about  one-half  pound  of  zinc  being  used  for  each 
ounce  of  gold  gathered  by  it. 

WORKING    CHEAP    ORES. 

The  hundreds  of  mines  in  Utah  that  have  vast 
bodies  of  low  grade  ores  are  solving  the  problem  of 
successfully  working  them  by  one  or  several  of  the 


126     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

new,  cheap  processes  that  have  been  introduced 
from  time  to  time.  Experimental  science  has  made 
some  wonderful  strides  in  recent  years,  and  now  it 
is  no  secret  of  how  to  extract  the  values  with  profit 
from  ore  worth  less  than  three  dollars  per  ton. 
Space  forbids  a  detailed  mention  of  all  the  various 
processes  and  methods  used  successfully  in  this 
direction;  but  a  few  of  the  most  important  are 
given  so  that  the  miner  may  know  that  his  low 
grade  ore  may  be  handled  with  profit. 

The  Clark  process  of  drying,  stamping,  salting, 
roasting  and  leaching  was  among  the  first  of  the 
chlormation-lixiviation  processes.  It  has  of  late 
been  simplified  and  made  so  that  ore  can  be  treated 
for  about  $2  per  ton. 

The  Gervase-Brown  chemical-electric  process  of 
smelting  by  electricity  expects  to  practically  solve 
the  problem  at  a  cost  of  about  $1.75  per  ton,  and 
saving  about  97  per  cent  of  the  values. 

The  Hypo-Sulphide  process  has  been  proven 
successful  at  the  Homansville  mill,  and  the  Russell 
process  has  for  years  been  satisfactory  at  the  Marsac 
mill  at  Park  City. 

UTAH  &  MONTANA  MACHINERY  COMPANY 


Engines,  Boilers,  Steam  Pumps,  Air  Compressors,  Ingersoll  Sergeant 

Hock  Drills,  Wire  Rope,  Powder,  Caps,  Fuse,  Etc.    Standard 

Passenger  Elevators.    Estimates  made  for  Concentrators 

and  Stamp  Mills  and  Smelter  Plants,    Electric 

Light  and  Power  Plants. 

259  S.  MAIN  STREET.        SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      127 

Utal?  5fll<?'t<?rs  ai?d  Samplers. 


The  smelters  of  Salt  Lake  City  and  Utah  com- 
prise every  known  method  for  the  treatment  of  all 
kinds  and  conditions  of  ore.  These  include  the 
most  modern  and  improved  samplers,  mills  and 
refining  plants.  Such  old  establishments  as  the 
Conklin  Sampling  Works,  Germania  Lead  Works, 
Hanauer  Smelter,  Pioneer  Sampler,  Pennsylvania 
Smelting  Company,  and  Taylor  and  Brunton  Samp- 
ler, are  too  well  known  to  need  historical  mention 
here.  They  aie  old  and  tried  institutions  that  have 
been  great  and  substantial  factors  in  the  upbuilding 
of  this  great  mineral  empire.  A  few  brief  statistics 
only  are  given,  with  such  mention  as  may  serve  for 
future  comparisons. 


CONKLIN   SAMPLING   WORKS. 

With  new  machinery  placed  during  the  latter 
part  of  1895,  the  Conklin  Sampling  Works  has 
maintained  its  old  prestige  and  is  unsurpassed  by 
any  smelter  in  the  state.  The  major  portion  of  the 
new  machinery  is  automatic  in  action,  and  the 
capacity  has  been  increased  until  a  day's  run  of 
400  tons  of  ore  is  not  an  unusual  occurrence.  The 
works  are  run  night  and  day,  and  employ  in  the 
neighborhood  of  fifty  men.  If  the  average  amount 
of  work  is  continued  throughout  the  year  1896 
between  50,000  and  60,000  tons  of  ore  will  have 
been  treated  by  this  company.  The  Conklin,  next 


128      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

to  the  Pioneer,  is  the  oldest  sampler  in  the  state, 
and  under  the  careful  management  of  Mr.  C.  B. 
Markland,  has  grown  in  public  favor. 


THE    HANAUER   SMELTER. 

The  Hanauer  Smelter  is  an  institution  that  has 
steadily  gained  in  prestige  and  increased  business. 
In  1894  the  smelter  turned  out  7,175,200  pounds  of 
lead;  490,000  pounds  of  copper;  723,550  ounces  of 
silver,  and  3,860  ounces  of  gold.  In  1895  the 
output  was  8,170,000  pounds  of  lead;  625,000 
pounds  of  copper;  770,500  ounces  of  silver,  and 
7,820  ounces  of  e;old.  For  1896,  at  the  ratio  of 
business  up  to  date  the  output  will  be  increased 
over  1895  at  least  20  per  cent. 


THE   GERMANIA   LEAD  WORKS. 

The  Germania  Lead  Works  is  one  of  the  oldest 
and  best  established  works  in  Utah,  and  has  made 
many  valuable  improvements  during  the  past  year. 
In  1895  the  output  was  2,091,750  pounds  of  copper 
matte;  952,502  pounds  of  copper;  16,930,700  pounds 
of  lead;  1,722,740  ounces  of  silver  and  9,753  ounces 
of  gold.  The  present  ratio  will  increase  the  output 
for  1896  about  15  per  cent  over  that  of  1895. 
About  350  men  are  employed. 


PENNSYLVANIA   SMELTING   COMPANY. 

The  Pennsylvania  Smelting    Company  has   one 
of  the  best  plants  in  the  state,  located  at  Sandy.      It 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      129 

has  a  capacity  for  double  the  amount  of  work  it 
now  does  with  160  men.  In  1895  the  smelter  pro- 
duced 9,012,391  pounds  of  lead  and  237,400  pounds 
of  copper;  silver,  906,698  ounces,  and  gold  79,027 
ounces.  The  business  for  1896  will  be  largely  in 
excess  of  these  figures. 


PIONEER    SAMPLER. 

The  Pioneer  Sampler  at  Sandy  is  enjoying  an 
increased  patronage  over  1895,  the  contributing 
camps  having  a  revival  this  year  in  the  output  of  ore. 
In  1895  this  sampler  treated  16,075  tons  of  ore,  and 
at  this  writing,  the  close  of  1896  will  quite  double 
these  figures. 


TAYLOR   AND    BRUNTON   SAMPLER. 

The  Taylor  and  Brunton  Company  have  one  of 
the  very  finest  and  most  improved  Samplers  in  the 
state,  and  treat  the  greatest  tonnage  of  ores.  In 
1895,  with  their  mechanical  sampler  at  Pallas 
Station,  south  of  Salt  Lake  City,  this  company 
treated  56,571  tons  of  ore. 


PARK    CITY    SAMPLER. 


The  Park  City  Sampler  is  handling  more  ore  in 
1896  than  at  any  time  in  its  history.  From  Decem- 
ber 1,  1894,  to  December  1,  1895,  this  sampler 


130      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

treated  67,290,460  pounds  of  ore  and  concentrates, 
or  33,645  and  one-half  tons.  For  1896  it  would 
appear^that  this  sampler  will  handle  about 
50,00o1x>ns. 


THE   PECK   CONCENTRATOR. 

The  Peck  Concentrator  is  at  this  writing 
(September  1st)  in  course  of  construction  at  Park 
City,  and  will  be  in  operation  by  December.  This 
plant  is  being  constructed  primarily  for  the  treat- 
ment of  the  vast  tailing  dumps  of  the  Ontario  and 
Marsac  Mills,  and  incidentally  to  do  the  custom 
work  for  the  lower-grade  mines  of  the  district.  The 
Peck  Concentrator  will  prove  of  inestimable  value 
to  Summit  County  mine  owners,  and  many  proper- 
ties now  idle  will  spring  into  active  existance  as  a 
result  of  its  construction,  thus  stimulating  all 
business  enterprises  in  the  district. 


CO-OPERATIVE  •  WAGON  •  &  •  MACHINE  •  CO,, 

LEADING  IMPLEMENT  DEALERS-UTAH  and  IDAHO. 


'••Originators  of  Train  load  Shipments  to  Utah,  -f 

Exclusive  Agents  Bain  Ore  Hauling  Wagons. 
Gen'l  Office,  Salt  Lake  City.  GEO.  T.  ODELL,  Gen'l  Mgr. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


District. 


131 


"The  Johannesburg  of  America"  lies  in  the 
Camp  Floyd  Mining  District,  and  Mercur  is  the 
business  center  of  an  extensive  mining  area,  which 
as  yet  has  no  established  boundaries.  .  It  lies  thirty 


>TKI  I:T  M  I;M;  IN  MI:I:<  i  i;. 


miles  from  Salt  Lake,  on  an  air  line,  just  over  the 
Oquirrh  range,  in  Tooele  County.  Camp  Floyd  is 
full  of  history,  legend  and  story,  and  was  first 
founded  by  Colonel  Albert  Sidney  Johnston,  in 


132     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

1858,  when,  with  3,500  men  he  closed  the  "Utah 
War"  at  Fairfield. 

In  1870  mining  was  started  for  the  first  time, 
and  since  April  of  that  year  there  have  been  more 
kinds  of  mining  and  more  excitements  attendant 
upon  the  same  than  perhaps  ever  occurred  in  any 
mining  camp.  The  first  chim  recorded  was  a 
placer  location,  showing  that  gold  was  the  metal 
first  discovered.  In  the  same  year,  however,  dis- 
coveries of  silver  ore  were  made  in  the  Sparrow 
Hawk  and  Last  Chance  lodes,  and  these  caused  the 
first  boom  in  Camp  Floyd.  Mills  were  built  and 
claims  were  sold  at  fabulous  prices,  many  of  which 
did  not  make  anywhere  near  equal  returns.  The 
Carrie  Steele  strike  was  the  richest,  made  in  1871. 
In  1872,  the  town  of  Lewiston,  present  site  of 
Mercur,  sprang  up  mushroom-like,  and  in  a  very 
short  time  had  quite  as  many  buildings  as  the  Mer- 
cur of  the  present.  By  1880  there  was  but  one 
house  left  in  the  canyon,  the  camp  having  been 
deserted  as  worthless,  and  fire  and  wind  finished 
the  desolation  and  abandonment  after  an  output  of 
about  one  million  dollars  in  silver. 

In  the  spring,  of  1881  Arie  Pinedo,  a  German, 
located  the  Mercur  lode  claim  (which  is  the  German 
pronunciation  of  mercury)  and  proceeded  imme- 
diately to  patent  it.  Pinedo  thought  he  had  found 
a  wealth  of  the  subtle  fluid,  but  it  never  paid  to 
develop,  so  he  abandoned  it.  It  was  not  until  1890 
that  Pinedo  and  the  public  were  made  acquainted 
with  the  actual  worth  of  the  Mercur  mine. 

In  1883  gold  was  again  discovered  by  assay 
that  would  not  show  color  in  a  pan,  and  this  secret 


MINES,    MINERS  ANt>  MlNfcRALS   OF  UTAH.  133 

of  the  ores  was  one  of  the  most  important  that  has 
ever  been  solved  in  mining,  and  as  a  consequence 
desultory  mining  was  carried  on  until  1885.  From 
that  time  until  1889  but  little  if  anything  is  known 


MARION   MINK   AND   MILL. 

cf  the  camp.  In  March,  1889,  Joseph  Smith,  prin- 
cipal owner  of  the  Marion  Gold  Mining  Company 
built  a  mill  and  experimented  with  the  silver  ore 
of  the  Sparrow  Hawk,  and  failed  to  get  out  pay  ore 
on  account  of  too  much  antimony.  Being  a  practi- 
cal assayer,  he  made  fire  tests  for  the  yellow  metal, 
and  found  he  had  from  $30  to  $90  in  gold,  and  this 
was  the  true  beginning  of  one  of  the  richest  mines 
in  the  world.  More  about  this  company  will  be 
found  under  another  head. 


134  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

Until  the  year  1893  the  peculiar  fields  of  Mer- 
cur  had  caused  much  thought  and  great  experiment 
as  to  how  to  treat  the  ores  for  their  full  value,  but 
this  is  happily  passed  by  the  introduction  of  the 
cyanide  treatment..  From  this  triumphant  winning 
of  the  precious  metal  dates  the  setting  in  of  a  tide 
of  emigration  to  the  now  known  gold  fields  lying  in 
fabulous  wealth  over  the  abandoned  and  considered 
to-be-worthless  silver  camp,  and  this  last  of  all  the 
strange  metamorphoses  marks  the  era  of  greatest 
progress.  In  1893  other  cyanide  mills  were  started 
and  helped  to  prove  the  value  of  the  ores  and 
great  worth  of  the  camp. 

In  1894  the  most  active  prospecting  was  com- 
menced, and  the  old  silver  prospectors  paid  no  atten- 
tion to  the  hundreds  of  skeptics  who  followed  in 
their  wake  to  exert  sinister  influences  and  give  the 
camp  a  black  eye.  They  were  full  of  hope  and 
pluck,  and  the  result  of  their  labors  is  pleasing 
history. 

MERCUR  MINERALS. 

The  ores  of  Mercur  are  oxidized  and  arsenical, 
or  base,  and  each  of  the  two  are  uniquely  different 
in  character  of  treatment.  There  is  but  little  iron 
and  an  excess  of  silica,  which  makes  a  most  desir- 
able cyaniding  ore.  Cinnabar  is  so  far  not  suffi- 
ciently in  evidence  to  be  worthy  of  serious  attention. 
Sulphur  is  found,  but  of  no  commercial  conse- 
quence. Oxidized  ores  are  produced  from  all  the 
paying  properties,  and  the  only  drawback  to  the  per- 
fect operation  of  the  cyanide  process  is  the  presence 
of  arsenic,  which  impairs  the  solution  and  fails  to 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


135 


dissolve  the  gold,  and  therefore  but  little  of  this 
arsenical  rock  is  mined  with  the  ore,  or  if  so,  it  is 
thrown  out  before  it  reaches  the  mill.  The  base  ore 
is  a  dark,  greenish-black,  showing  seams  of  arsenical 
sulphides,  and  where  thickly  seamed  carries  but 
little  gold.  Otherwise  this  drawback  to  the  treat- 
ment will  be  overcome  by  the  roasting  process  be- 
fore c)aniding.  The  veins  are  from  ten  to  forty 
feet  thick,  and  will  easily  average  twenty  feet,  and 
produce  fully  a  ton  of  ore  to  the  foot  of  surface  area. 
There  are  frequent  exceptionally  large  ore  bodies  on 
the  veins  that  widen  out  to  unexplored  dimensions, 
known  up  to  the  present  to  be  fully  100  feet  in  area 
and  no  sign  of  walls. 

GEOLOGICAL   FORMATION. 

The  geological  formation  at  Mercur  is  analogous 
with  other  great    producing   camps    that    have    had 


NORTH   AM)   SOUTH   .SECTION,    ACROSS   LKWISTON  CANON. 

Z-Mercur  town.     Y-I)ikes.    X-Gold.  bearing  zone. 
W-Silver  bearing  zone. 

longevity  in  their  prosperity.  The  ore  is  a  carboni- 
ferous limestone  associated  with  eruptive  rocks,  a 
combination  surely  suggestive  of  continued  prosperity. 
Mercur  town  is  situated  on  the  vertical  axis  of  the 
eruptive  mass  from  whence  the  strata  inclines  in  all 


136 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 


directions.  Two  ore-bearing  zones  outcrop  in  Lewis- 
ton  Canyon  from  one  hundred  to  two  hundred  feet 
apart,  the  upper  being  gold-bearing,  and  the  lower 
silver.  The  upper  metalliferous  horizon  contains 


X  XX  X 

SECTION  OF  A  PORTION. OF  MERCUR  ORE  BODY. 

Y  Ore,  with  chert  nodules.       Z  Shaly  and  soapy  material. 

V-Crystalline  limestone  floor.      W  Drab  limestone  roof. 

X-Heavy  spar  veins. 

jhe  auriferous  ore  in  an  impregnation  of  limestone 
and  shale,  as  a  rule,  along  lines  of  bedding.  How- 
ever, it  is  already  known  that  the  gold  is  not 
confined  to  one  horizon,  as  it  has  been  demonstrated 
in  two — the  Mercur  and  Sunshine. 


MERCUR  CAMP. 


Mercur  will  never  be  a  metropolis,  but  it  bids 
fair  and  honestly  to  be  one  of  the  greatest  mining 
towns  in  the  country.  It  wears  no  ephemeral  airs;  it 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     137 

started  out  conservatively  and  has  already  estab- 
lished a  permanency.  As  far  as  it  has  gone,  it  has 
not  weakened  its  foundation,  and  every  movement  is 
of  a  substantial  character,  as  conspicuously  shown 
by  its  people  and  their  buildings.  The  elevation  is 
6,400  feet,  with  good  climate  and  water.  At  this 
writing  the  statement  can  be  conservatively  made 
that  within  two  years  the  development  of  the  mines 
and  their  consequent  mills,  together  with  allied 
industries  and  other  vocations,  will  increase  the 
population  of  2,000  of  the  district  at  present  to 
10,000  at  the  end  of  that  time.  There  is  no  ques- 
tion now  about  the  high  grade  of  the  ore  or  of  its 
great  extent  and  lasting  quality.  The  future  of 
Mercur  is  in  no  way  problematical. 

NUMBER  OF  LOCATIONS   IN  CAMP  FLOYD. 

Up  to  January  1,  1896,  there  had  been  recorded 
in  the  Camp  Floyd  district  3,750  mining  claims. 
Hundreds  of  these  have  lapsed  from  time  to  time 
since  the  first  discoveries,  not  having  had  represen- 
tation work  done,  while  many  locations  are  but 
plasters  on  top  of  old,  patented  claims.  A  fair 
estimate  of  the  number  of  legitimate  claims  located 
in  the  district  would  be  between  2,000  and  2,500. 
Not  more  than  this  number  would  stand  good  in 
test  cases. 

SUNSHINE   CAMP. 

The  town  of  Sunshine  is  a  very  prosperous 
camp  about  the  center  of  the  Camp  Floyd  district, 
founded  upon  the  success  of  the  Sunshine  mines 


138 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


and  mill  and  contiguous  valuable  claims  that  are  all 
fast  becoming    great   producing    mines.      It    is    in    a 


SUNSHINE  MINE  AM)  MILL. 


better  location  than  Mercur,  not  so    high,    and  bids 
fair  to  become  quite  equally  as  large  and  prosperous. 


WILLIAM   H.   BIRD. 


P.  O.  BOX  623. 


JAMES  LOWE. 


BIRD  &  LOWE, 

LAND    AND    MINING   ATTORNEYS 

Office:   Rooms  16,  17  and  18  Scott-Auerbach  Bldg,  Main  Street, 
SALT   LAKE    CITY.    UTAH. 


MINES,    MINERS  AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  139 

It  has  been  only  within  three  years  that  active 
prospecting  was  begun  in  Sunshine  camp,  and  not 
until  the  Butts  Brothers  drove  in  on  an  outcrop  and 
opened  upon  a  breast  of  ore  heavily  impregnated 
with  cinnabar,  that  active  develpoment  began.  It 
was  then  that  Judge  William  A.  Sherman,  Charles 
H.  Jacobs  and  Frank  Officer  took  hold  of  the  Butts 
boys'  Sunshine  claim  and  commenced  operations  in 
earnest. 

SUNSHINE   GOLD   MINE   AND   MILLING   COMPANY. 

The  property  of  this  company  is  the  pivotal 
point  of  all  claims  in  the  Sunshine  portion  of  the 
Camp  Floyd  Mining  District.  To  date  it  has  the 
only  mill  outside  of  Mercur  camp,  though  it  is 
understood  that  the  Overland  Company  has  about 
concluded  contracts  for  the  erection  of  a  mill  to 
work  the  ores  from  the  latter  company's  property. 
This  mine's  workings  and  extraordinary  develop- 
ments are  what  have  given  encouragement  and 
confidence  to  all  other  claims  in  its  vicinity,  the 
result  being  the  exposure  of  ore  bodies  in  the 
Overland,  Red  Cloud,  Old  Fred  and  other  proper- 
ties. It  is  believed  that  for  the  work  done,  the 
Sunshine  has  exposed  larger  bodies  of  ore  than  any 
other  property  in  the  district.  Besides  a  superior 
hoist,  the  Sunshine  has  a  mill  with  a  crushing 
capacity  of  300  tons  daily  and  a  vat  or  leaching 
capacity  of  60  tons  daily.  This  latter  is  to  be 
increased  so  that  the  leaching  output  may  be  made 
150  tons  daily.  The  extent  of  the  ore  bodies  in 
this  remarkable  gold  property  will  be  better  under- 
stood when  the  statement  is  made  that  all  the  ore  so 


140  MINES,    MINERS,    AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

far  produced  and  leached  has  been  extracted  in  the 
course  of  development  work  and  exploration — that 
at  no  time  has  it  been  necessary  to  attack  the  ore 
bodies  to  supply  the  mill.  In  fact,  the  mill  capa- 
city could  be  largely  increased  and  still  be  supplied 
by  the  driving  of  the  inclines  and  levels  alone  with- 
out touching  the  ore  bodies,  save  for  the  extension 
of  the  levels.  In  fact,  practically  all  the  workings 
are  in  ore,  the  present  workings  being  for  the  sole 
purpose  of  ascertaining  the  boundaries  of  the  ore 
body,  which,  up  to  the  present  time,  have  not  been 
reached.  The  property  is  developed  by  an  incline 
600  feet  deep  and  by  three  levels  beginning  at  a 
depth  of  300  feet.  These  levels  with  slight  upraises 
and  winzes  have  developed  the  ore  bodies  in  various 
directions  to  an  extent  of  about  6,000  feet,  not 
including  the  incline. 

The  Sunshine  is  a  close  corporation,  nine-tenths 
of  the  stock  still  remaining  in  the  possession  of  the 
original  owners  and  no  proposition  for  purchase 
(numbers  having  been  made)  will  be  considered. 
The  officers  are:  J.  E.  Schwartz,  of  Philadelphia, 
President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Smelting  Co.,  is  pre- 
sident; W.  A.  Sherman,  vice-president;  F.  H.  Offi- 
cer, secretary  and  treasurer;  and  C.  H.  Jacobs, 
manager. 

THE    HERSCHEL    MINING    COMPANY. 

This  corporation  owns  about  140  acres  ofv  the 
most  desirably  situated  lands  in  the  Camp  Floyd 
Mining  District.  Their  ground  abuts  the  great 
Mercur  and  the  Sacramento,  and  since  ore  is  found 
on  both  sides  of  them  at  uniform  points,  there  is  no 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH.  141 

doubt  whatever  in  the  minds  of  all  persons  familiar 
with  the  district  that  the  Herschel  is  one  of  the  big 
though  undeveloped  properties  in  the  district.  The 
mine  is  being  developed  by  a  tunnel  at  such  a 
depth  as  to  leave  the  ore  bodies  above;  yet  afford- 
ing ample  dumping  ground.  Near  the  mouth  of 
the  tunnel  the  mill  will  be  located  so  as  to  admit 
of  the  most  economical  leaching,  as  well  as  ex- 
traction and  handling  of  the  ores.  The  tunnel 
is  in  about  625  feet,  but  it  is  not  expected  that  the 
ore  bodies  will  be  reached  before  it  has  penetrated 
the  earth  about  1,000  feet.  This  estimate  is  formed 
by  a  survey  of  the  ore  veins  on  both  sides  of  the 
Herschel  as  developed  in  the  Mercur,  Sacramento 
and  other  grounds.  The  company  is  capitalized  for 
$5,000,000,  divided  into  1,000,000  shares  of  the  par 
value  of  $5  each,  of  which  200,000  shares  are  set 
aside  to  be  disposed  of  for  development.  In  spite 
of  the  fact  that  no  ore  had  been  found  and  practi- 
cally little  work  done,  the  price  of  the  stock, 
which  was  originally  ten  cents  per  share,  went  up 
to  twenty-five  cents  per  share,  and  has  been  held  at  that 
price  or  higher  ever  since.  This  fact  affords  the 
best  evidence  of  the  confidence  of  those  interested 
in  the  value  of  the  Herschel — a  confidence  based  on 
a  knowledge  of  the  geological  conditions  obtaining 
in  the  district. 

Theodore  Bruback  is  President  of  the  Com- 
pany; J.  D.  Keifer,  Vice-President;  W.  S.  McCor- 
nick,  Treasurer,  and  S.  T.  Pearson,  Secretary. 
Mr.  Joseph  Smith  of  "the  Marion  is  directing  the 
work  of  development. 


142  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 


HON.    THEODORE    BRUBACK, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  143 


144  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

THE    MALVERN   GOLD    MINING   COMPANY. 

The  Malvern  group  of  claims,  ten  in  number, 
gives  to  the  company  a  surface  area  of  some  200 
acres.  It  lies  immediately  south  of  and  adjoining 
the  Sunshine,  and  the  ground  is  largely  owned  and 
controlled  by  those  most  heavily  interested  in  the 
Mercur  and  Sunshine  mines.  There  seerns  to  be 
no  reasonable  doubt  as  to  the  existence  of  the  great 
Sunshine  vein  under  the  Malvern  ground,  since  the 
workings  of  the  former  mine  are  in  the  direction  of 
the  Malvern  ground,  and  it  is  in  this  same  direction 
that  the  recent  noted  strike  in  the  Sunshine  was 
made.  The  dip  of  the  strike  made  on  the  six 
hundred  foot  level  of  the  Sunshine  (and  it  is 
conceded  to  be  the  most  valuable  and  import- 
ant ever  made  in  this  property),  is  into  the  Mal- 
vern ground  at  the  point  where  the  claims 
of  the  Sunshine  and  the  Malvern  adjoin  each  other. 
As  a  matter  of  fact  the  work  in  the  Sunshine  is 
really  developing  the  great  value  of  the  Malvern 
claim  fully  as  effectually  and  perhaps  more  xapidly 
than  the  Malvern  owners  could  do  the  work 
themselves. 

The  Malvern  has,  however,  a  shaft  already  sunk 
some  220  feet,  while  drifts  and  levels  have  been  run 
from  the  shaft  to  different  points  of  the  compas. 
Besides  this,  such  other  work  as  was  necessary  to 
comply  with  the  law  has  all  been  performed,  and 
by  the  time  this  book  is  in  the  hands  of  the  public  a 
strong  force  of  men  will  be  again  employed  with 
improved  machinery  to  continue  the  shaft  until  the 
ore*  bodies  now  known,  by  reason  of  the  Sunshine 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      145 

workings,  to  exist  in  the  Malvern  ground,  shall 
have  been  reached.  Pay  ore  has  long  been  had  in 
the  Malvern,  but  the  assurance  of  larger  bodies  and 
at  greater  depth,  and  the  knowledge  that  with 
depth  always  comes  greater  values,  has  decided  the 
company  to  keep  on  sinking  until  connection  is 
effected  with  the  bodies  discovered  in  the  Sunshine 
workings  at  a  depth  of  over  600  feet.  As  in  the 
case  of  the  Overland,  the  ground  has  been  experted, 
and  there  is  no  difference  of  opinion  as  to  the  pres- 
ence of  the  ore  bodies  in  the  Malvern  ground  that 
exist  through  this  district  generally. 

Mr.  John  Dern,  President  of  the  now  famous 
Mercur  mine,  is  President  of  the  Malvern;  Mr.  W. 
A.  Sherman,  President  of  the  Overland  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Sunshiue  Company  is  the  Vice- 
President  of  the  Malvern;  Geo.  W.  E.  Dorsey  is 
Treasurer,  and  Chalres  H.  Jacobs,  Manager  of  the 
Sunshine,  is  the  Malvern's  Secretary.  These  gen- 
tlemen, and  E.  H.  Airis,  Secretary  of  the  Mercur 
mine,  Mr.  J.  E.  Dooley,  Cashier  of  Wells,  Fargo 
&  Go's  Bank  in  Salt  Lake,  and  Mr.  Frank  H. 
Officer,  Secretary  of  the  Sunshine  mine,  and  mana- 
ger of  the  Pennsylania  Lead  Co's  smelters  here, 
make  up  the  directory  of  the  Malvern.  The  company 
has  a  capital  stock  of  $1,500,000,  divided  into 
600,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $2.50  each. 

The  Malvern  is  owned  and  controlled  by  the 
men  who  have  made  the  great  properties  of  Mercur 
and  Sunshine,  etc. 


Utah  lithographic  rock  first  found  in  May,  1873. 


146  MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

THE   WONDER    GOLD    MINING    COMPANY. 

The  Wonder  Gold  Mining  Company  has  some 
five  claims  and  fractions  embracing  about  seventy 
surface  acres,  almost  entirely  surrounded  by  the 
great  properties  of  Captain  De  Lamar  at  Mercur. 
The  ground  of  the  famous  Golden  Gate  mine,  said 
already  to  expose  from  §5,000,000  to  $8,000,000  in 
ore,  abuts  the  claims  of  the  Wonder  Company  for  a 
distance  of  some  3,000  feet,  and  it  is  known  that 
the  ore  bodies  in  the  Golden  Gate  have  been 
developed  to  a  point  within  350  feet  of  the  Wonder 
claims.  Since  the  veins  of  the  Marion,  Geyser,  Mer- 
cui  and  Golden  Gate  have  been  developed  almost 
continuously  for  a  mile  and  a  half  up  to  the  point 
near  the  Wonder  ground,  it  would  be  absurd  to 
assume  that  it  does  not  run  into  the  Wonder  group, 
particularly  as  the  workings  at  the  point  indicated 
as  nearest  the  Wonder  are  in  the  characteristic  gold 
ore  of  this  remarkable  district.  Beyond  any  ques- 
tion the  dip  of  the  vein  is  into  the  property  of  the 
Wonder  Company.  The  vein  is  expected  to  be 
encountered  at  a  depth  of  400  to  420  feet.  A  shaft 
has  already  been  sunk  on  the  property  to  a  depth  of 
350  feet,  and  as  two  feet  a  day  is  made,  confident 
expectation  is  that  the* shaft  will  tap  the  ore  body 
during  September.  The  company  has  a  fine 
plant,  by  means  of  which  the  shaft  could  be  sunk 
to  a  depth  of  1,000  feet  if  necessary.  Already  the 
shaft  is  below  the  water  line,  so  that  a  station  pump 
handles  all  the  water  in  the  shaft.  The  work  has 
been  continued  without  interruption  since  February 
last,  and  will  be  continued  until  the  ore  is  reached. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


147 


The  property  has  been  examined  by  no  less  an 
expert  than  Mr.  George  H.  Robinson,  who  confirms 
the  judgment  of  those  investing  in  Wonder  stock 
that  the  great  ore  chutes  of  the  Mercur,  Golden 


THE  WONDER  HOIST  AND  WORKS. 


148      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Gate,  and  other  mines  will  be  found  under  the 
surface  of  the  ground  owned  'by  the  Wonder.  The 
Wonder  Gold  Mining  Company  is  exceptionally 
favored  in  its  officers.  Hon.  George  Q.  Cannon, 
one  of  the  three  Presidents  of  the  Mormon  Church, 
and  one  of  the  most  notable  men  of  affairs  in  the 
west,  is  president  of  the  company;  Angus  M.  Can- 
non, heavily  interested  in  the  Mercur  district,  is 
vice-president;  John  W.  Donnellan,  until  lately 
President  of  the  Salt  Lake  Mining  Exchange,  and 
still  Cashier  of  the  Commercial  National  Bank,  is 
treasurer;  Lewis  M.  Cannon  is  secretary,  while  Mr. 
P.  J.  Quealy,  late  Manager  of  the  Rock  Springs 
Coal  Company,  of  Rock  Springs,  Wyoming,  is 
superintendent  and  manager.  These  with  John  M. 
Cannon,  attorney,  and  George  M.  Cannon,  Cashier 
Zion's  Savings  Bank,  and  President  of,  the  first 
State  Senate  of  Utah,  constitutes  the  directory. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  $5,000,000,  the 
par  value  of  the  shares  being  $5  each.  The  stock 
is  non-assessable  while  the  company  is  possessed 
of  patents  for  every  foot  of  the  ground  claimed  by 
the  corporation.  The  assertion  is  reasonably  safe 
that  the  Wonder  is  destined  to  be  one  of  the  great 
producers  of  a  great  gold  producing  district. 

THE    BUDDEE-  GROUP. 

Messrs.  C.  H.  Scheu  and  C.  L.  Dignowity  own 
the  Buddee  group  of  four  claims,  lying  northwest  of 
the  Marion,  upon  which  extensive  development  has 
been  made,  with  very  promising  results. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      149 


r 


150  MINES,    MINERS     AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

ANNIE    MINING    AND    MILLING    COMPANY. 

The  Annie  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  a 
Prove  corporation,  is  the  owner  of  very  valuable 
property  in  the  Camp  Floyd  District,  on  the  same 
hill  (but  on  the  south  side)  as  the  Mercur  mine. 
The  Annie's  developments  are  on  the  same  eleva- 
tion as  those  of  the  Mercur,  and  the  owners  are 
satisfied  that  they  have  the  Mercur  vein,  and  only 
need  development  to  obtain  the  same  values.  The 
ground  is  in  the  very  heart  of  the  Mercur  District 
and  embraces  nine  and  a  fraction  claims,  comprising 
about  200  acres,  five  claims  of  which  are  owned 
by  the  company,  the  balance  under  a  very  favorable 
bond.  The  ground  lies  near  the  Overland,  in 
which  large  bodies  of  ore  have  been  found;  it  is 
near  the  Anderson  group  and  not  far  from  the  Hill- 
side. Work  on  the  Annie  group  consists  of  one 
tunnel  in  165  feet  into  the  hill,  where  the  vein  was 
intersected.  Another  tunnel  was  commenced  on  the 
same  elevation  but  northeast.  This  was  pushed  in 
some  240  feet.  A  single  compartment  well  timbered 
shaft  has  been  sunk  about  200  feet  northeast  of  the  first 
tunnel.  From  the  bottom  of  this  shaft  a  level 
was  run  west  about  700  feet,  65  feet  of  which  was 
in  the  same  vein  as  that  exposed  by  the  first  tunnel. 
An  upraise  of  25  feet  and  a  winze  of  10  feet  at  this 
point  showed  the  vein  to  be  18  feet  in  thickness, 
varying  in  values,  but  assaying  sufficiently  to  work 
when  the  company  has  completed  its  preliminary 
prospecting.  From  the  bottom  of  the  shaft  the 
vein  was  developed  20^  feet  to  the  north  and  20  feet 
to  the  south,  while  ore  was  also  exposed  in  the  long 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      151 

level  to  the  west.  The  Annie  is  driving  toward  the 
Mercur  workings,  in  which  property  rich  veins  have 
been  developed  1,400  feet  to  the  south  and  in  the 
direction  of  the  Annie  group.  All  developments  are 
in  precisely  the  same  formation  as  prevail  in  all  the 
paying  properties  of  that  district,  and,  as  in  the 
others,  there  is  no  lack  of  assurance  that  the 
wished-for  higher  values  will  come  with  greater 
depth.  The  company  is  well  equipped  with 
machinery  for  the  work  in  hand  and  contemplated. 
It  has  a  building  over  its  shaft  and  tunnels,  and 
has  office  and  eating  houses.  It  is  capitalized  for 
but  $250,000,  divided  into  250,000  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  $1  per  share.  A.  D.  Gash  is  president; 
Dr.  A.  McCurtin,  vice-president;  H.  F.  Thomas, 
secretary;  H.  S.  Martin,  treasurer;  and  Mr.  J.  M. 
Davis,  manager.  The  directors  are  A.  D.  Gash, 
Dr.  A.  McCurtin,  S.  A.  King,  S.  A.  Swasey  and  C. 
H.  Wood.  Despite  the  extensive  developments 
and  small  capital  of  the  company  for  this  district, 
the  Annie  still  has  47,000  shares  of  treasury  stock 
reserved  and  which  will  only  be  disposed  of  to 
continue  development  work  in  the  company's 
ground. 

THE   OVERLAND  GOLD   MINING  COMPANY. 

That  part  of  the  Camp  Floyd  District  known 
as  Sunshine  (so  named  because  of  the  Sunshine 
mine  there)  will  soon  have  another  mill  at  work  on 
the  gold  ores  of  the  district.  It  is  the  Overland,  in 
which  large  bodies  of  ore  have  been  opened  up; 
and  by  the  time  the  mine  is  so  far  developed  as  to 
supply  the  necessary  ores  for  the  mill  having  a 


152  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

capacity  of  100  tons  a  day,  the  mill  will  be  ready 
for  operation.  The  Overland  group,  and  it  is  one 
of  the  largest  in  the  camp,  lies  directly  north  of 
and  adjoins  the  Sunshine  mine,  which  has  been 
yielding  ore  for  many  months  now  and  which 
recently  uncovered  in  its  lowest  workings  the  finest 
ore  body  so  far  exposed  in  this  noted  property. 
The  Overland  has  been  developed  by  a  shaft  now 
over  175  feet  in  depth.  A  level  was  run  from  the 
shaft  at  a  depth  of  125  feet,  and  when  in  40  feet  to 
the  west  it  caught  the  vein.  From  this  point  a 
winz  was  sunk  a  depth  of  15  feet,  all  the  while  in 
pay  ore  of  the  character  obtaining  in  all  the  area  in 
that  section.  Another  level  was  run  from  the  shaft 
at  a  depth  of  155  feet.  This  extended  north  60  feet, 
following  the  strike  of  the  vein,  while  an  incline 
shaft  is  being  run  from  the  bottom  of  the  shaft, 
following  and  on  the  dip  of  the  vein.  About  800 
feet  north  of  the  shaft  referred  to  another  has  been 
sunk  to  a  depth  of  110  feet.  The  ore  will  average, 
where  exposed,  20  feet  in  thickness,  and  will  assay 
from  $4  to  $22  to  the  ton.  But  it  is  all  good  pay 
ore,  and  the  Overland  may  be  counted  among  the 
big  properties  of  the  Sunshine  part  of  the  Camp 
Floyd  District. 

The  Overland  group  consists  of  15  claims,~giv» 
ing  to  the  company  a  surface  area  of  about  200 
acres.  It  has  a  very  imposing  list  of  officers  and 
directors:  W.  A.  Sherman,  of  Salt  .Lake,  and  Vice- 
President  of  the  Sunshine  Company,  is  President; 
W.  H.  Bancroft,  Superintendent  of  the  mountain 
division  of  the  Union  Pacific,  is  Vice-President;  J. 
M.  Stoutt,  President  of  the  Utah  National  Bank,  is 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.       153 

Treasurer;  G.  W.  E.  Dorsey,  ex-Congressman  from 
Nebraska,  is  Secretary.  These  gentlemen,  together 
with  E.  Dickinson,  General  Manager  of  the  Union 
Pacific  system,  C.  A.  Armstrong,  owner  of  the 
Bachelor  mine  at  Ouray,  Col.,  and  W.  W.  Stod- 
dard,  Manager  Daily  Reporter  Co.,  of  Salt  Lake, 
make  the  directorate. 

The  company  has  a  capital  stock  of  $2,000,000, 
divided  in  400,000  shares  of  the  par  value  of  $5  each. 

GOLD   POINT    CLAIMS   AT   SUNSHINE. 

The  claims  of  the  Gold  Point  Mining  Company 
in  Mercur  or  Camp  Floyd  Mining  District  are  most 
happily  situated,  since  ore  is  found  in  nearly  all 
the  properties  west  of  and  adjoining  them.  The 
great  Sunshine  mine,  in  which  the  most  important 
strike  of  its  history  has  recently  been  made,  the  Over- 
land, the  Red  Cloud  (in  which  a  26  foot  vein  of 
pay  ore  has  just  been  uncovered  at  the  point 
nearest  the  Gold  Point),  are  all  in  ore  and  would 
seem  to  point  with  certainty  to  the  existence  rof 
like  large  bodies  in  the  Gold  Point  group.  The 
recent  discoveries  referred  to  have  verified  the 
report  of  Mr.  O.  A.  Palmer,  made  to  the  company 
on  the  17th  day  of  April  last,  in  which  he  says:  "I 
am  thoroughly  of  the  opinion  that  the  general 
mineralized  zone  of  the  Camp  Floyd  District  under- 
lies all  this  property,  dipping  easterly  from  the 
Sunshine  mine  towards  the  Gold  Point  property." 
He  says  further  that  an  examination  of  the  great 
Sunshine  workings  then,  as  now,  being  pushed 
toward  the  Gold  Point  ground,  showed  the  vein  or 
ore  body  to  be  but  1,800  feet  from  the  latter 


154  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH  • 

property  at  that  date — about  April  1st  of  this  year — 
since  which  time  the  important  strikes  referred  to 
have  been  made.  In  concluding  the  report,  Mr. 
Palmer  says  of  the  Gold  Point:  "I  predict  even 
better  values  in  the  ore  found  under  your  property 
than  in  the  famous  Sunshine  mine,  on  account  of 
the  greater  depth  at  which  it  is  found."  Than  Mr. 
Palmer  there  is  no  more  painstaking,  experienced 
or  reliable  expert  in  the  West,  and  his  thirty-three 
years  spent  in  Utah,  Idaho  and  Montana  make 
him  an  authority  without  an  equal  in  this  field. 

The  Gold  Point  has  six  claims,  or  about  120 
acres  of  ground  all  surveyed  and  in  process  of  being 
patented.  The  officers  and  directors  of  the  com- 
pany are  among  the  most  reputable  of  Utah's  citi- 
zens, being  James  Chipman  (State  Treasurer), 
president;  W.  H.  Grant  (a  wealthy  stock  and  mine 
investor),  vice-president;  J.  M.  Stoutt  (President 
Utah  National  Bank),  treasurer;  A.  B.  Jones 
(Cashier  Utah  National  Bank),  secretary,  who,  with 
Hon.  Thomas  R.  Cutler,  President  of  the  Lehi 
Bank  and  General  Manager  of  the  Utah  Sugar 
Company,  constitute  the  directory. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  $1,000,000, 
divided  into  shares  of  the  par  value  of  $1  each, 
non-assessable.  Of  this  100,000  shares  have  been 
set  aside  for  sale  as  a  working  fund,  the  stock  to 
be  sold  at  15  cents  per  share  or  more,  at  the  option 
of  the  directory,  for  the  exclusive  purpose  of 
developing  the  property.  With  such  an  official 
roster  there  is  no  need  to  state  that  everything  con- 
nected with  the  company  will  be  conducted  on  the 
most  equitable,  painstaking  and  energetic  plan. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      155 

Few  opportunities    for  such  an    investment    in   the 
hands  of  such  trustworthy  men  are  to  be  had. 

The  company  already  has  a  shaft  about  one 
hundred  feet  in  depth,  and  expects  to  have  to  sink 
between  four  hundred  and  five  hundred  feet  further 
before  reaching  the  desired  ore  values,  but  work 
will  continue  until  the  pay  ore  is  reached,  the  com- 
pany being  absolutely  certain  that  they  are  above 
the  same  vein  as  has  been  developed  in  the  Mercur, 
the  Sunshine  and  others. 

GOLDEN   SEALS   MINING   COMPANY. 

The  Golden  ^Seals  Mining  Company  own  five 
claims,  embracing  about  forty  acres  of  ground. 
The  Seals  lie  northwest  of  the  Hecla  and  east  of 
the  Brickyard,  adjoining  both.  It  has  a  shaft  375 
feet  deep,  iOOO  feet  west  of  the  Hecla  shaft.  While 
some  300  feet  higher  than  the  Hecla  ground,  it  is 
expected  to  strike  the  ore  at  any  shot,  because  in 
this  vicinity  it  has  been  shown  to  follow  the  surface 


BROWN,  TERRY  &  WOODRUFF  GO. 


Ibatters  ant)  Jwntebers, 

PROPRIETORS   TROY    STEAM    LAUNDRY 

Telephone  192.  J>  J>  •?  •?  142  Main  Street. 


156  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAHc 

of  the  ground.  The  shaft  is  a  double  compartment 
one.  A  \vhim  is  used,  all  appliances  for  develop- 
ment being  first-class.  G.  R.  Bothwell  is  president; 
F.  R.  Hall  of  Mercur,  vice-president;  and  F.  J. 
Leonard,  secretary. 

ANDERSON   GOLD    MINING    COMPANY. 

The  Anderson  Gold  Mining  Company  is  practi- 
cally a  Nebraska  company.  Its  general  offices  are  at 
Columbus,  Neb.,  though  it  has  a  branch  office  in 
Salt  Lake,  CoJ.  Geo.  W.  E.  Dorsey  being  the  direc- 
tor of  its  destinies  in  Utah.  The  company  owns 
very  valuable  ground  in  the  Mercur  gold  belt  and 
near  the  great  Mercur  mine.  Mr.  A.  Anderson,  after 
whom  the  company  is  named,  and  who  is  President 
of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Columbus,  Neb.,  is 
also  President  of  the  Anderson;  Hon  Geo.  W.  E. 
Dorsey  is  Vice-President;  O.  T.  Roen,  Cashier  of 
the  First  National  Bank,  Columbus,  Neb.,  is 
Treasurer;  Mr.  E.  H.  Chambers,  a  real  estate 
dealer  of  Columbus,  Neb.,  is  Secretary.  The 
directors  are:  A.  M.  Post,  Chief  Justice  Supreme 
Court  of  Nebraska;  A.  Anderson,  John  J.  Sullivan, 
Judge  District  Court,  Columbus,  Neb. ;  W.  A. 
McAllister,  ex-State  Senator,  Columbus,  Neb. ;  Geo. 
W.  E.  Dorsey,  O.  T.  Roen,  and  E.  H.  Chambers. 

The  Anderson  has  a  shaft  down  140  feet,  which 
is  still  being  sunk.  It  is  not  expected  that  the  ore 
vein  will  be  encountered  until  a  depth  of  something 
like  350  feet  has  been  obtained.  The  ground  is 
most  favorably  located,  being  on  the  south 'side  of 
what  is  known  as  the  Mercur  Hill — the^hill  in 
which  the  great  ore  bodies  of  the  Mercur  mine  have 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  157 

been  exposed.  On  the  same  side  of  this  hill,  and 
near  the  Anderson,  is  the  Hillside,  in  which  Mr. 
R.  C.  Chambers  of  the  Ontario  is  heavily  interested. 
Immediately  south  of  the  Anderson  group  and 
adjoining  it  is  the  Annie,  in  which  veins  of  ore 
have  been  encountered  and  which  is  being  steadily 
developed,  and  of  which  its  owners  think  more 
than  ever  before. 

The  company  owns  six  claims  in  a  group,  which 
are  surrounded  by  properties  in  which  very  high 
grade  gold  ore  has  been  discovered. 

The  general  report  of  Prof.  O.  A.  Palmer 
regarding  this  district  is  confirmed  as  to  the  Ander- 
son group  by  the  specific  report  of  expert  A.  Burch, 
of  Mr.  W.  A.  Sherman,  of  the  Sunshine  and  Over- 
land groups,  in  both  of  which  are  ore,  and  by  Mr. 
J.  M.  Davis,  of  the  Annie  Gold  Mining  Company, 
which  is  also  in  ore. 

The  Anderson  group  is  capitalized  for  $1,000,- 
000,  divided  into  1,000,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of 
$1  each. 

THE   ROVER   COMPANY. 

The  Rover  Company  has  opened  its  ground  by 
shafts,  drifts  and  incline,  and  has  found  ore.  Owing 
to  a  division  of  interests  in  certain  claims  owned 
by  others  than  the  Rover  Company,  work  was 
suspended.  But  it  is  to  be  resumed  soon.  Since 
work  ceased  the  Gold  Dust  has  exposed  values,  and 
it  is  possible  that  the  Gold  Dust  developments  have 
as  much  to  do  with  the  resumption  of  work  on  the 
Rover  claims  as  the  adjustment  of  the  interests 


158      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

involved  in  certain  of  the  claims  of  which  the  Rover 
Company  was  not  the  absolute  owner. 

THE    SILVER    LODE    MINING    AND     MILLING    COMPANY. 

These  properties  are  above  the  Marion  and 
Geyser  mines  and  west.  John  Dern  is  president, 
E.  H.  Airis  vice-president,  and  F.  J.  Corker  secre- 
tary. Only  lately  have  these  claims  fallen  into  the 
possession  of  the  company,  consequently  practically 
no  work  has  been  done  on  them.  Work  will,  how- 
ever, soon  begin  earnestly,  and  it  is  expected  soon 
to  be  added  to  the  producing  claims  in  the  great 
camp.  The  capital  stock  is  divided  into  100,000 
shares  of  a  par  value  of  $5  each. 

THE    DEXTER    GROUP. 

The  Dexter  group  consists  of  five  claims  east 
of  the  Mercur  mine,  owned  by  Messrs,  Jacobs, 
Officer,  Andrew  and  Hines.  Two  development 
shafts  are  in  progress  of  sinking  one  over  one  hun- 
dred and  the  other  over  fifty  feet  deep.  The  ore  is 
characteristic  of  the  district.  Between  the  Dexter 
group  and  the  Mercur  mill  Messrs.  Officer,  Jacobs 
and  Peyton  own  a  group  that  will  help  swell  the 
output  in  time.  Arrangments  are  perfected  for 
extensive  development. 

THE   MIDLAND   GROUP. 

The  Midland  group  of  twelve  claims  lying 
south  of  the  Glencoe  and  Sunshine  is  demonstrating 
the  value  of  the  lower  end  of  the  district.  The 
properly  is  under  lease  and  bond  to  C.  H.  Scheu, 
Captain  W.  C.  McFarland,  and  J.  B.  Thompson, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH  159 

who  are  pushing  development  work  to  the  utmost. 
A  shaft  has  been  sunk  and  the  veins  drifted  upon. 
At  a  depth  of  only  forty  feet  a  ten-foot  ore  body 
was  passed  through  that  assayed  as  high  as  $4-,  but 
it  will  be  much  richer  as  depth  is  reached  and  the 
vein  is  unbroken  and  undisturbed.  This  group  is 
admirably  situated  for  ease  of  mining  and  shipping. 

THE    HILLSIDE    GOLD    MINING    COMPANY. 

The  property  is  on  the  same  hill  as  the  Mercur 
mine,  but  over  the  crest.  Its  ground  faces  the 
Mercur  and  the  Sacramento  on  the  south,  and  it 
possesses  about  120  acres.  It  has  been  developed 
by  two  tunnels — an  upper  100  feet  long  and  a  lower 
now  in  150  feet,  and  to  be  extended  some  50  feet 
further.  A  winz  is  sunk  50  feet  from  the  end  of 
the  upper  tunnel,  which  penetrated  the  vein  for  a 
depth  of  30  feet,  the  values  running  from  $5  to  $8. 
The  property  will  be  worked  through  the  lower 
tunnel.  A  mill  will  be  erected  by  the  Hillside,  as 
soon  as  the  propertj'  is  opened  sufficiently  to 
admit  of  the  extraction  of  enough  ore  to  supply  it 
with.  The  company  is  capitalized  for  $5,000,000, 
there  being  500,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $10 
each.  Richard  Mclntosh  is  president  and  treasurer; 
Capt.  W.  C.  McFarland,  vice-president;  C.  L. 
Robertson,  secretary.  These  gentlemen,  with  C. 
H.  Schue,  J.  B.  Thompson,  R.  C.  Chambers  and 
Chas  B.  Read  are  the  company's  directors. 

THE   GLENCOE. 

The  Glencoe  group  consists  of  seven  good 
claims  owned  by  E.  J.  Raddatz  and  others.  The 
property  lies  on  the  Mercur  lode  and  is  being 


160      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

extensively  developed  in  a  systematic  manner  by  a 
liberal  outlay  of  expense.  The  best  grade  of  ore 
shows  a  value  of  $7  per  ton,  and  in  time  the  output 
will  be  enormous. 

JUNO-MENTO. 

The  Juno-Mento  group  of  eight  claims  lie  west 
of  the  Glencoe,  between  the  Mercur  and  Sunshine. 
A  two  hundred-foot  tunnel  will  be  used  to  develop 
the  vein,  which  carries  ore  running  from  $3  to  $5 
per  ton. 

THE    REINDEER. 

South  of  the  Glencoe  is  the  Reindeer  group  of 
three  full  and  two  fractional  claims,  which  is  under 
lease  to  Raddatz,  Wilkinson  and  Johnson.  Two 
shafts  are  sunk  which  have  cut  the  Glencoe  vein, 
and  systematic  development  is  now  in  progress. 

HECLA   GOLD   MINING   COMPANY. 

This  company  owns  five  claims,  comprising 
some  67  acres.  The  ground  adjoins  the  Brickyard, 
which  is  now  in  ore,  and  is  but  350  feet  from  the 
Golden  Gate.  It  has  a  first-class  hoist  and  boiler, 
with  pumps  to  handle  the  water.  They  have  sunk 
a  double  compartment  shaft  down  a  depth  of  425 
feet,  and  expect  at  any  hour  to  strike  the  ore,  all 
indications  pointing  to  its  being  in  the  immediate 
vicinity.  F.  J.  Leonard  is  president;  F.  R.  Hall,  of 
Mercur,  vice-president;  and  G.  R.  Both  well,  secre- 
tary. The  company  is  capitalized  for  $5,000,000, 
divided  into  250,000  shares  of  the  par  value  of 
$20  each. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      161 
THE  GOLD  BUG. 

The  Gold  Bug  group  of  four  claims  in  Clay 
Canyon  is  owned  by  A.  J.  Dutton,  who  is  pushing 
work  on  the  property  with  good  results.  A  shaft  is 
down  150  feet,  and  the  ore  assays  up  to  $5  per  ton 
on  an  average. 

LITTLE    PITTSBURG. 

The  Little  Pittsburg  is  an  old  property,  and 
has  output  considerable  silver  ore.  The  company 
now  owns  four  claims  lying  in  the  north  end  of  the 
district,  and  is  mainly  owned  by  Messrs.  Airis  and 
Hubbard.  A  shaft  and  tunnel  each  over  a  hundred 
feet  are  used  to  develop  the  ore  bodies,  which  carry 
values  from  $3  to  $7. 

THE    OLD    FRED. 

The  Old  Fred  group  of  live  claims  west  on  the 
strike  of  the  Sunshine,  is  a  splendid  property, 
which  is  being  developed  by  a  five  hundred  foot 
tunnel.  Thus  far  the  veins  cut  assay  from  $6  to 
$10,  and  the  great  value  of  this  property  is  already 
assured. 

BONANZA   NO.    2    GROUP. 

There  are  eight  claims  in  the  Bonanza  No.  2 
group,  lying  east  of  the  Mercur  and  Golden  Gate. 
There  is  about  one  thousand  feet  of  development 
openings.  The  ore  bodies  are  very  large,  and  aver- 
age about  $1  to  the  ton. 

THE   JONES   BONANZA. 

The  Jones  Bonanza  group  of  five  claims  extends 
north  from  the  Bonanza  No.  2  group.  There  are 


162      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

about  three  hundred  feet  of    shafts   and    drifts,    and 
has  a  good  showing. 

THE    SONGBIRD, 

W.  S.  Fugate  and  J.  Skinner  own  the  Songbird 
group  of  claims  just  north  of  the  Golden  Gate  pro- 
perty. A  shaft  two  hundred  and  fifty  feet  deep  has 
exposed  ore  bodies  that  have  been  drifted  upon. 
Other  development  is  in  progress,  and  the  property 
is  all  that  could  be  desired  in  this  district. 

THE    MOLLIE    GIBSON. 

The  Mollie  Gibson  group  consists  of  five 
claims,  that  are  being  thoroughly  developed  with 
the  most  satisfactory  results.  The  shaft  is  being 
sunk  to  reach  the  lower  mineral  body. 

THE   EAGLE    (NORTH  END). 

Near  Lion  Hill  is  the  Eagle  group  of  four  full 
and  two  fractional  claims  which  are  showing  up 
fine  with  development.  Its  future  is  full  of  great 
promise,  already  assured  of  success  by  the  ore 
bodies  thus  far  encountered. 

RED    CLOUD. 

Just  north  of  the  Sunshine  is  the  Red  Cloud, 
with  a  shaft  three  hundred  feet  deep.  At  260  feet 
the  vein  is  very  large  and  carries  satisfactory  assays. 
The  Red  Cloud  has  developments  at  other  points 
and  its  owners,  Messrs.  S.  B.  Milner,  T.  A.  Wick- 
ersham  and  others,  have  contracted  for  further  work. 


MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.  163 

THE      MARION. 

The  Marion  Mining  Company  have  eighty  acres 
of  rich  ground  lying  just  north  of  Mercur  City,  on 
which  they  have  a  splendid  50-ton  mill.  The 
development  consists  of  fully  three  miles  of  drifts 
through  the  vast  ore  bodies,  which  are  of  a  uni- 
form grade,  and  average  about  $7  to  the  ton,  and  the 
mining  and  treatment  costs  less  than  $3  a  ton.  The 
Marion  mill  was  next  after  the  Mercur  in  the  dis- 
trict, and  is  the  only  mill  in  the  camp  that  has  a 
water  suupply  of  its  own.  In  1895  the  mill  handled 
2(,000  tons  of  ore,  and  it  is  probable  that  in  1896 
25,000  tons  will  be  treated.  The  property  pays 
substantial  dividends,  but  as  it  is  a  close  corpora- 
tion, no  specific  information  is  given  out  for 
publication.  The  companys  officers  are:  Mr. 
Theodore  Bruback,  Pres't. ;  Mr.  Jos.  Smith,  Vice 
president;  Mr.  S.  T.  Pearson,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer. 

THE     MERCUR. 

The  most  successful  mine  in  the  Camp  Floyd 
district  is  the  Mercur.  The  story  of  it  has  been 
told  in  prose  and  poetry  so  many  times  and  oft  that 
told  again  in  the  most  fascinating  manner  on  even 
so  interesting  a  theme  would  be  tiresome  under  the 
circumstances  and  conditions.  Fifty  thousand  tons 
of  ore  were  treated  at  the  company's  mill  in  1895. 
Over  #100,000  were  spent  last  'year  in  improve- 
ments and  purchases  of  additional  property,  and 
notwithstanding  this  outlay  $175,000  in  dividends 
were  paid.  The  property  of  the  Mercur  company 


164  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

has  been  constantly  increasing  in  value.  Over  one 
hundred  men  are  employed  in  the  mine,  and  about 
thirty  at  the  mill.  Development  in  the  Mattie  No. 
4  and  Lucky  Star  accessions  of  1895  have  been  of 
such  a  character  that  the  value  of  this  company's 
property  is  quite  beyond  the  estimate  of  reasonable 
judgment. 

No  group  of  claims  in  the  camp  is  better 
known  than  those  owned  by  the  Mercur — the  town 
and  camp  practically  taking  its  name  therefrom.  It 
possesses  about  160  acres  of  ground,  including  the 
Mattie  group.  The  mine  is  worked  by  tunnels, 
which  tap  the  vein  whence  incline  shafts  follow  the 
ore.  Of  these  there  are  three,  one  on  the  Mattie, 
one  on  the  Ruby,  the  other  on  the  Resolute  claim. 
So  far  two  veins  have  been  opened  in  this  property, 
the  lower  being  10  to  30  feet  in  thickness,  the 
upper  5  to  10  feet  in  thickness.  Ore  that  will  pay 
for  working  was  exposed  in  a  cut  much  lower 
down,  but  no  effort  has  so  far  been  made  to  develop 
this.  The  company  began  paying  dividends  Sep- 
tember 1,  1893,  and  since  which  date  it  has  paid 
out  in  dividends  $475,000.  About  six  thousand 
tons  is  produced  monthly.  The  mill  is  located 
about  four  miles  by  wagon  road  and  seven  miles  by 
rail  from  the  mine,  being  put  where  it  is  because 
of  a  lack  of  water  at  the  time.  It  has  a  full  capa- 
city of  200  tons  daily,  which  is  the  mine  product. 
The  Mercur  is  capitalized  for  $5,000,000  divided  into 
200,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $25  each.  John 
Dern  is  president  and  general  manager;  J.  Heimrich, 
vice-president;  E.  H.  Airis,  secretary;  and  George 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  165 

H.  Dern  treasurer.      These  form  the  directory,   with 
the  addition  of  the  name  of  W.  S.  Brown. 

THE   GEYSER. 

The  Geyser  property  consists  of  four  claims 
adjoining  the  Marion,  in  the  town  of  Mercur.  The 
company's  mill  is  one  of  the  most  modern  leaching 
plants  in  the  country,  and  can  treat  from  125  to  150 
tons  of  ore  daily.  This  property  is  considered  to 
be  one  of  the  best  in  the  Camp  Floyd  District. 

THE    SACRAMENTO. 

The  Sacramento  group  is  a  dividend  paying  pro- 
position of  considerable  dimension.  The  four  claims 
lie  southwest  of  the  Mercur  group  and  of  the  same 
character  and  extent  of  the  Mercur.  The  com- 
pany's cyanide  mill  has  a  capacity  of  200  tons  daily. 
The  ore  is  taken  from  a  main  tunnel  in  300  feet, 
from  which  are  many  cross-cuts  into  the  great  veins 
of  ore.  Another  tunnel  is  in  100  feet,  and  the  mine 
has  enough  ore  reserves  now  blocked  out  to  keep 
the  mill  in  operation  for  years  to  come. 

BRICKYARD    GOLD    MINING    COMPANY. 

This  company  has  nine  claims,  comprising 
about  140  acres  of  ground.  The  company  is  capi- 
talized for  $1,000,000,  divided  into  500,000  shares  of 
a  par  value  of  $2  each.  Altogether  about  1,500  feet 
of  work  has  been  done  in  shafts,  inclines,  tunnels 
and  drifts.  A  shaft  is  down  460  feet  and  in  ore, 
and  from  this  point  drifting  is  progressing  in  the 
vein  to  the  northwest  and  southeast,  that  being  the 
course  of  the  vein  through  the  district.  The  ore 


166     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

runs  from  $4  to  $15  per  ton,  the  average  being  such 
as  will  pay  well.  The  showing  is  such  at  present  as 
to  make  it  almost  a  certainty  that  a  contract  for  a 
cyanide  mill  will  be  let  by  October  1st,  1896.  The 
company's  officers  are:  E.  H.  Airis,  president;  E.  G. 
Rognon,  vice-president;  Geo.  Dern,  secretary:  W. 
S.  McCornick,  treasurer;  who,  with  Geo.  H.  Robi- 
son,  H.  A.  Cohen,  and  E.  A.  Wall  are  directors. 
Col.  Wall,  so  well  and  favorably  known  in  the  dis- 
trict, is  managing  the  property. 

THE  EAST  GOLDEN  GATE  MINING  COMPANY. 

The  East  Golden  Gate  group,  embracing  about 
110  acres  of  surface  ground,  has  been  experted  by 
some  of  the  best  informed  mining  men  in  the  west. 
Without  exception  they  have  expressed  the  unquali- 
fied opinion  that  the  East  Golden  Gate  had  the 
same  bodies  of  ore  that  have  so  far  been  exposed 
in  the  Marion,  Geyser,  Sacramento,  Golden  Gate 
and  Mercur  mines,  and  by  more  recent  develop- 
ments in  the  Brickyard,  the  Gold  Dust,  the  Her- 
schel  and  the  Hillside.  Work  was  undertaken  with 
the  profoundest  confidence  by  the  directors  of  the 
company  and  has  been  pushed  with  the  most  per- 
sistent assiduity  ever  since.  The  best  machinery 
was  secured,  and  then,  because  the  depth  could  not 
be  made  as  fast  as  was  desired,  a  contract  was 
entered  into  with  the  owner  of  an  eight-inch  churn 
drill  capable  of  sinking  between  twenty  and  thirty 
feet  per  day  to  push  through  to  the  ore  bodies.  It 
is  easy  to  keep  -track  of  the  formation  and  learn 
the  values  passed  through,  as  the  dirt  from  the 
drill  is  cleaned  out  every  two  feet  and  is  assayed, 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      167 

so  that  the  management  is  in  no  danger  of  missing 
a  good  thing  when  it  comes  along.  Moreover,  the 
wisdom  of  pursuing  this  plan  of  prospecting  will  be 
better  understood  when  it  is  borne  in  mind  that 
the  veins  in  Mercur  lie  almost  horizontally,  are 
more  like  blanket  veins,  so  that  the  only  way  the 
East  Golden  Gate  can  escape  getting  the  ores  by 
the  churn  drill  will  be  because  there  is  no  ore 
under  the  ground  owned  by  this  company — a  condi- 
tion that  no  one  acquainted  with  the  district 
believes  can  exist. 

The  contract  has  been  let  to  sink  1,000  feet 
below  present  workings,  though  there  will  be  no 
difficulty  of  sinking  2,500  feet  in  this  formation. 
As  it  is,  all  the  machinery  of  the  company  is  in 
place  ready  to  be  started  'and  woik  on  the  double 
compartment  shaft  resumed  on  almost  a  moment's 
notice  once  the  great  ore  body  is  encountered.  The 
shaft  is  now  down  a  distance  of  some  350  feet. 
There  is  also  another  favorable  feature  in  con- 
nection with  the  work  of  the  East  Golden  Gate. 
The  depth  at  which  the  ore  will  be  found  will  make 
the  assays  more  than  satisfactory  for  the  reason 
that  with  greater  depth  there  are  always  higher 
values  in  the  Mercur  district.  Then  it-  will  also 
determine  the  value  of  a  vast  territory  in  the  imme- 
diate vicinity  of  this  property,  and  will  extend  the 
possible  field  of  operations  much  farther  to  the 
east.  There  is  no  aspect  of  the  work  now  being 
prosecuted  at  the  expense  of  this  company  that 
does  not  indicate  prudence  on  the  part  of  the 
management  as  well  as  a  laudable  public  spirit.  A 
cut  is  printed  of  the  works  of  the  East  Golden 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     169 

Gate  at  the  time  the  shaft — a  double  compartment 
one — was  being  sunk. 

Still  another  advantage  in  connection  with  the 
drilling  in  the  East  Golden  Gate  ground  should  be 
borne  in  mind.  It  is  that  the  veins  can  all  be 
explored  by  the  means  at  present  being  pursued. 
It  is  believed  there  are  several  veins  underlying 
each  other  in  the  Mercur  district.  So  far  very 
little  depth,  comparatively,  has  been  attained,  the 
lowest  workings  to  date  being  in  the  Golden  Gate. 
So  that  the  East  Golden  Gate  is  in  a  position  to 
discover  what  is  under  the  developments  in  the 
lowest  workings  of  the  Golden  Gate  and  in  which 
the  richest  grades  of  ore  are  now  to  be  found — a 
fact  that  repeats  itself  in  all  the  workings  in  the 
district. 

The  East  Golden  Gate  is  but  1,500  feet  from 
the  underground  workings  of  the  Golden  Gate,  in 
which,  as  elsewhere  stated,  there  is  already  exposed 
between  #5,000,000  and  $8,000,000  in  gold  ore.  The 
workings  in  the  latter  mine  are  toward  the  East 
Golden  Gate,  and  are  oi  such  a  character  as  to 
justify  the  assertions  of  the  experts  who  have 
examined  the  district  and  the  properties  therein 
that  the  veins  now  making  of  Mercur  the  greatest 
gold  camp  in  the  world  are  not  to  give  out  before 
the  ground  of  the  East  Golden  Gate  has  been 
reached,  but  that  the  continuance  of  work  is  as  cer- 
tain to  reward  those  interested  in  the  mines  with 
success  as  the  sun  is  to  shine  on  the  morrow. 

CAPTAIN    DE    LA   MAR'S    PROPERTIES. 

The  possessions  of  Captain  De  Lamar  in  the 
Camp  Floyd  district  are  the  envy  of  many  and  the 


170  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

admiration  of  all  in  any  way  acquainted  with  their 
character.  The  most  notable  is  the  Golden  Gate, 
a  group  of  claims  in  the  heart  of  the  producing 
mines,  embracing  some  two  hundred  acres.  In  the 
Mercur  camp  he  owns  altogether  some  seven  hun- 
dred acres,  there  being  beside  the  Golden  Gate,  the 
Tough  Nut,  Merritt,  Hard  Times  and  other  groups 
that  are  his  personal  property,  while  he  is  also 
interested  in  the  Rover,  the  Brickyard  and  others. 
Work  is  now  progressing  in  the  Brickyard,  and 
considerable  has  been  done  on  the  Rover.  Apart 
from  the  work  necessary  to  have  the  claims 
patented,  nothing  has  so  far  been  done  to  develop 
anjr  of  Captain  De  Lamar's  personal  properties, 
save  the  Golden  Gate.  On  this  four  shafts  have 
been  sunk — the  north  shaft,  170  feet  deep;  south 
shaft,  45  feet;  Magpie  shaft,  50  feet;  and  main 
shaft,  480.  Ore  was  first  exposed  in  the  south 
shaft,  from  which  drifts  were  run  in  many  direc- 
tions, and  today  there  are  not  less  that  11,000  feet 
of  underground  developments  in  the  Golden  Gate 
mine,  by  far  the  greater  part  in  pay  ore.  Mr.  H. 
A.  Cohen,  who  directs  all  the  varied  interests  of 
Captain  De  Lamar  in  the  west,  including  those  in 
Nevada,  holds  the  values  of  the  Camp  Floyd  dis- 
trict to  be  found  in  a  stratification  and  not  in  a 
vein,  as  generally  supposed,  there  being  in  this 
stratification  places  where  the  values  are  slight 
and  other  portions  in  which  the  values  are  very 
high;  but  whatever  values  exist  are  found  'in  one 
stratification,  which  has  been  shown  to  be  over 
200  feet  in  depth  in  places  by  the  Golden  Gate 
workings.  The  ore  in  this  property  runs  from  $3 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


171 


to  $100  to  the  ton,  the  average  being  $15,  and  as 
the  developments  in  the  slight  area  worked  in  com- 
parison to  the  De  Lamar  possessions  in  Mercur 
have  exposed  not  less  than  400,000  tons  of  ore 
that  will  yield  an  average  of  $15  to  the  ton,  a 
computation  as  to  the  wealth  in  sight  on  this 


GOLDEN  GATE  SHAFT  HOUSES. 

property  may  easily  be  made.  Save  for  experi- 
mental purposes,  no  mill  has  yet  been  erected  to 
treat  the  Golden  Gate  ores.  Captain  De  Lamar  is 
not  in  need  of  money,  and  as  the  percentage  of 
saving  is  materially  exhanced  by  the  working  of  a 


172  MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

larger  tonnage,  the  mine  has  been  developed  so  as 
to  ascertain  what  sized  mill  the  ore  bodies  would 
warrant.  The  process  of  working  the  Golden  Gate 
ores,  which  carry  a  marked  percentage  of  arsenic, 
has  been  solved.  The  experimental  mill  has  run 
for  over  three  months  successfully,  the  extraction 
in  the  base  ores  being  from  83  per  cent  to  94  per 
cent,  with  a  cyanide  loss  of  about  1^  pounds  per 
ton.  Plans  are  now  out  for  a  mill  of  400  ton 
capacity  daily,  and  the  time  for  its  erection  will  be 
determined  by  Captain  De  Lamar  upon  his 
approval  of  the  plans. 

Captain  De  Lamar  also  owns  one-half  the 
Gold  Belt  Water  Co.,  which  is  referred  to  else- 
where. 

At  De  Lamar,  Nevada,  the  Captain  has 
another  great  property,  on  which  a  cyanide  mill  is 
running,  and  which  handles  6,500  tons  per  month. 
His  possessions  there  embrace  about  twenty 
claims.  In  one  of  these,  which  differs  from  the 
stratification  in  the  Golden  Gate  in  that  it  is  vertical 
while  the  latter  is  horizontal,  a  vein  is  exposed  that 
is  180  feet  in  width  in  places.  The  ore  will 
average  $30  to  the  ton,  while  the  loss  of  values  is 
conceded  to  be  the  least  known  to  any  cyanide 
mill  in  the  world.  The  mine  is  developed  to  a 
depth  of  1000  feet,  and  sinking  is  to  be  continued 
at  once  from  this  point.  Altogether  22,000  feet  of 
underground  workings  exist  in  the  De  Lamar 
Nevada  property,  while  the  vein  and  values  both 
hold  out  in  the  lowest  workings — the  former  180 
feet  in  width,  the  latter  $30  to  the  ton.  This 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  173 


MR.  H.  A.  COHEN,  MANAGER  OF  THE  DE  LAMAR.PROPERTIES. 


174  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

property  is  also  under  the  management  of  Mr.  H. 
A.  Cohen,  whose  offices  are  in  the  Dooley  Block, 
Salt  Lake  City. 

THE    CANNON    OPERATIONS. 

The  Cannon  Company  are  doing  an  immense 
amount  of  work  in  developing  the  several  proper- 
ties in  which  they  are  interested,  under  the  careful 
and  systematic  guidance  of  the  chief  promoter  Hon. 
Angus  M.  Cannon  who  has  done  perhaps  more  than 
any  other  individual  to  push  the  Camp  Floyd  dis- 
trict to  the  foremost  place  of  mining  in  Utah.  The 
Cannon  group  adjoins  and  is  just  east  of  the 
Mercur,  and  contains  eighty-three  and  one-fourth 
acres.  With  a  modern  hoisting  plant  a  shaft  is 
being  sunk,  which  is  now  down  over  420  feet,  hav- 
ing cut  three  ledges  of  good  ore.  The  Buckeye 
group  of  180  acres  lies  between  the  Geyser  and 
Marion.  The  first  ledge  is  sixteen  feet  through, 
the  second  fourteen,  and  the  third  sixteen  feet. 
Into  these,  drifts  are  being  run,  and  the  ore  bodies 
blocked  out  for  rapid  and  systematic  extraction. 
One  drift  is  sixty,  one  two  hundred,  and  one  four 
hundred  feet. 

The  Nora  group  of  five  claims  consists  of  eighty 
acres  lying  west  of  the  Eagle.  A  shaft  one  hundred 
feet  deep  is  through  considerable  ore.  The  Gold- 
bug  on  the  north  and  the  Buckeye  near  the  Geyser 
are  also  good  prospects,  with  large  bodies  of  ore 
averaging  as  high  as  $8  per  ton.  The  Retriever, 
near  the  Nora  and  the  Climax,  near  the  summit  on 
the  road  to  Ophir,  are  being  systematically  devel- 
oped for  output.  The  Hecla  group  is  bonded  to 


176     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

other  parties,  and  is  described  under  another  head. 
There  is  an  one  hundred-foot  shaft  on  the  Little 
Ruth  group  of  fifty-five  acres.  In  three  claims  on 
the  Summit  Flat  the  company  has  plenty  of  $6  ore. 
The  ground  is  all  of  great  value,  and  nearly  all 
patented.  The  company  is  incorporated  for  10,000 
shares  at  $5  each.  The  officers  of  the  Cannon  Com- 
pany are:  Angus  M.  Cannon,  president,  manager 
and  director;  George  M.  Cannon,  vice  president 
and  director;  Lewis  M.  Cannon,  secretary  and 
treasurer  and  director;  John  M.  Cannon,  attorney 
and  director;  and  F.  J.  Cannon,  director.  It  is  the 
intention  of  the  company  to  continue  to  drift  east- 
ward until  all  the  veins  in  the  property  are  cut  by 
the  drifts. 

MERCUR-MAMMOTH. 

The  Mercur  Mammoth  Mining  Company,  capi- 
talized for  550,000,  shares  being  of  a  par  value  of 
$1  each,  owns  six  claims  favorably  situated  near 
paying  properties  in  Mercur  camp.  Little  work  has 
been  done  on  the  group,  but  the  property  is  looked 
upon  as  very  promising  and  very  desirable  ground. 

SEARCHLIGHT  GOLD   MINING  COMPANY. 

The  Searchlight  Gold  Mining  Company  have 
three  full  and  two  fractional  claims  adjoining  the 
Sunshine.  A  shaft  is  now  down  175  feet  through 
blue  lime  as  hard  as  adamant  all  the  way,  and  the 
sinking  will  not  cease  until  the  three  hundred  level 
is  reached.  Frank  Morehouse  has  the  contract  of 
sinking,  and  an  idea  of  how  hard  the  ground  is  may 
be  had  when  it  is  known  that  one  shift  cannot  drive 


MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  177 

three  holes.  This  company  also  has  a  large  group 
of  claims  still  south  of  the  Searchlight.  R.  C. 
Chambers  is  president  of  the  company;  John  Dern, 
vice-president;  John  J.  Daly,  treasurer;  Simon 
Bamberger,  secretary  and  general  manager.  John 
Beck  and  C.  W.  Miles  are,  with  those  mentioned 
above,  the  directors  of  the  company.  There  is  no 
question  about  the  company  having  plenty  of  ore 
when  they  once  reach  it. 

GOLDEN   GATE    EXTENSION. 

The  Golden  Gate  Extension  Gold  Mining  Com- 
pany has  about  seventy  acres  of  ground  in  the 
heart  of  the  producing  porperties  in  Mercur  camp. 
Its  ground  joins  that  of  the  Golden  Gate.  It  has 
already  sunk  a  shaft  over  one  hundred  feet,  and 
has  contracted  to  have  it  sunk  four  hundred  feet 
further,  at  which  point  the  ore  bodies  will  be 
reached.  The  company  is  capitalized  for*  $2,000,- 
000,  having  400,000  shares  worth  $5  eachr  at  par. 
J.  R.  Walker,  Jr.,  is  president;  C.  H.  Griffin,  sec- 
retary. These  two  gentlemen,  with  George  H. 
Robinson,  Geo.  Kislingsbury,  and  C.  A.  Walker 
are  the  directtors. 

THE   PEEPSTONE   DISTRICT. 

The  Peesptone  district  lies  east  of  Sunshine 
and  Mercur.  It  is  of  the  same  general  formation, 
and  considerable  work  has  been  done.  Across  the 
valley  below  Sunshine,  and  on  down  to  Pelican 
Point,  on  the  shore  of  Utah  Lake,  the  ground  has 
been  staked  off,  work  done  and  values  obtained.  Far 
over  in  Skull  Valley  it  is  claimed  that  the  same 


178  MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

showing  of  gold  ores  is  made,  veins  two  hundred 
feet  wide  having  been  exposed.  While  many  of 
the  discoveries  and  hopes  of  claim  owners  are 
rather  the  result  of  enthusiasm  than  good  judgment, 
there  is  yet  no  rational  limit  to  be  placed  upon  the 
Camp  Floyd  gold  belt  area. 

AROUND   CEDAR   FORT. 

South-east  of  the  Mercur  mill  is  the  Cedar  Fort 
district,  in  which  are  the  Mercur  King,  Gold  King, 
Free  Gold,  Honolulu,  Don  Maguire  and  other 
groups  of  claims  that  are  all  being  developed.  Ore 
running  as  high  as  $11  has  been  obtained  there  in 
quantities. 

GOLD    COIN     GROUP. 

The  Gold  Coin  group  of  mines  is  owned  by 
Mr.  B.  T.  Lloyd,  one  of  Salt  Lake's  Councilmen. 
Mr.  Lloyd  is  in  the  mining  and  stock  brokerage 
business,  dealing,  however,  mainly  in  Mercur  pro- 
perties. He  has  done  $5,000  development  work  on 
the  Gold  Coin  group,  in  tunnels  and  shafts,  drifts 
and  winzes.  As  the  property  is  abutted  by  the 
Brickyard,  the  Seals  and  the  Hecla,  Mr.  Lloyd  is 
recognized  as  having  in  this  175  acres  a  very  val- 
uable possession.  The  Gold  Coin  ground  is  bonded 
for  $35,000. 

Mr.  Lloyd  is  also  principal  owner  of  the  Syn- 
dicate Mining  and  Milling  Company,  which  owns  a 
group  of  six  claims  at  the  mouth  of  Lewiston  Can- 
yon, about  two  miles  southwest  of  Mercur,  where 
the  showing  is  admirable.  He  is  also  interested 
in  eight  claims  at  Twelve  Mile  Pass,  as  well  as  in 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      179 


HON.  w.  s.  MCCORMCK, 


180     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

other  groups  in  the  same  district  and  in  Davis 
County.  Mr.  Lloyd  can  be  relied  on  in  all  he 
says.  He  may  be  mistaken,  but  he  will  not  know- 
ingly deceive.  His  office  is  206  McCornick  Block, 
Salt  Lake  City. 

MKRCUR   GOLD   DUST   MINING    COMPANY. 

The  above  company  owns  a  group  of  fourteen 
claims,  in  all  about  two  hundred  acres,  practically 
surrounded  by  the  Rover,  Marion  and  Geyser 
groups.  The  Brickyard  lies  west  of  it.  Develop- 
ments in  the  Gold  Dust  group  have  been  so  satis- 
factory that  many  of  the  undeveloped  properties  are 
already  tying  to  it  as  a  reason  for  faith  in  their 
own  prospects.  It  has  been  developed  by  three 
shafts,  respectively,  forty,  eighty,  and  cne  hundred 
feet  deep.  Two  tunnels  have  also  been  run  in  on 
the  group,  one  250  feet  the  other  350  feet.  These 
tunnels,  following  the  vein,  are  in  ore,  as  are  also 
the  shafts;  and  as  the  workings  have  developed  ore 
along  the  vein  at  points  2,000  feet  apart,  it  will 
readily  be  seen  that  the  Gold  Dust  is  a  mine 
among  mines  at  Mercur.  The  ore  has  also  been 
exposed  by  works  along  the  outcrop  of  the  vein. 
Values  ranging  from  $3  to  $15  have  been  obtained. 
The  ground  is  to  be  thoroughly  developed  and  pros- 
pected before  plans  for  a  mill  will  be  gotten  out, 
so  as  to  determine  the  capacity  requried.  The 
company  is  capitalized  tor  300,000  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  $5  each —$1,500,000.  W.  S.  McCornick  is 
president;  Josiah  Barnett,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
Judge  John  A.  Sheet,  W.  S.  McCornick,  J.  E. 
Bamberger  and  W.  V.  Rice  constitute  the  diretctory. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  181 

About  September  1st  the  deepest  shaft  went 
into  a  body  of  ore  at  a  depth  of  about  one  hundred 
and  twenty  feet,  which  showed  higher  values  than 
any  previously  had.  This  only  adds  to  the  testi- 
mony of  every  property  exposing  ore  in  the  district 
—that  higher  values  come  with  greater  depth. 
There  is  no  longer  any  question  about  the  value  of 
Gold  Dust  stock. 

OTHER    PROPERTIES. 

The  Laura  K  and  Sue  N.  are  making  a  good 
showing  with  tunnel  development.  The  success  of 
these  properties  is  already  assured. 

The  Pacific  group  of  five  claims  is  an  assured 
proposition  of  as  great  merit  as  anything  in  the 
district. 

The  Electric  Light  group  of  four  claims  lying 
west  of  the  Sunshine  is  being  operated  by  McFar- 
land,  Thompson  and  Scheu.  The  shaft  will  be 
sunk  to  the  four  hundred  before  the  ore  is  stoped. 

The  Hard  Times  and  Panic  are  both  showing 
up  otherwise. 

W.  C.  B.  Allen's  group  of  five  claims  near 
the  Sunshine  is  deemed  a  great  property,  with 
immense  prospects  assured. 

The  list  of  properties  in  the  Camp  Floyd  dis- 
trict that  are  being  developed  are:  Abe  Lincoln, 
Annie,  Annie  Laurie,  Anderson,  Bear,  Belcher, 
Bonanza,  Brickyard,  Brooklyn,  Brown,  Buddee, 
Cannon,  Confederate,  Comstock,  Dexter,  Douglas, 
Eagles,  East  Golden  Gate,  Electric,  Elko,  Elmwood, 
Friday,  Gentile  Belle,  Geyser,  Gold  Beach,  Gold 
Bu£,  Gold  Coin,  Gold  Dust,  Gold  Flat,  Golden  Gate, 


182     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Gladstone,  Glenco,  Great  Eastern,  Guelph,  Hard 
Times,  Hazel,  Hecla,  Herschel,  Hillside,  Hornet, 
Horse  Shoe,  Juno,  Keystone,  Keystone  No.  2,  Key- 
stone No.  3,  Keystone  No.  4,  Lillian,  Little  Pitts- 
burg,  Major,  Malvern,  Marion,  Mercur,  Mercur 
Bny,  Merrett,  Mollie  Gibson,  Mormon  Girl,  Moun- 
tain Gem,  Nora,  Old  Fred,  Old  Guard,  Overland, 
Raven,  Reindeer,  Rover,  Tough  Knot,  Trinidad, 
Sacramento,  Seal,  Search  Light,  Silver  Lode,  Sir 
Victor,  Song  Bird,  South  Geyser,  Sullivan,  Sur- 
prise, Sunshine,  Victor  Wahoe  Boy,  Wonder,  etc. 

GOLD  BELT  WATER  COMPANY. 

To  the  Gold  Belt  Water  Company,  more  than 
to  any  other  cause,  perhaps,  is  due  the  present  pros- 
perous and  permanent  condition  of  the  Mercur  Gold 
Belt  district.  After  the  ores  were  known  to  carry 
values  to  justify  their  working,  the  problem  was  ^s 
to  how  water  could  be  gotten.  The  Mercur  mine 
shipped  its  ores  four  miles,  and,  as  a  maUer  of  fact 
was  forced  to  help  build  a  railroad  and  to  buy  a 
ranch  in  order  that  they  could  be  treated  at  a  satis- 
factory profit.  Then  if  the  ores  contained  sufficient 
value  to  justify  their  shipment  a  very  heavy  expense 
and  loss  was  involved  and  there  could  be  no  town 
built  at  Mercur  of  a  permanent  character  because  of 
the  absence  of  water.  The  problem  was  solved  by 
Mr.  Theodore  Bruback  and  some  associates  by 
securing  the  waters  of  Ophir  Creek. 

They  carried  the  water  a  distance  of  7,000  feet 
through  an  18-inch  pipe  to  a  pump.  The  fall  was 
sufficient  to  give  force  enough  to  operate  the  pump 
and  lift  the  very  waters  which  furnished  the  power 


MINFS,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      183 

to  a  pendicular  height  of  1,500  feet,  traversing  in 
that  distance,  however,  over  12.000  feet  to  a  point 
above  the  highest  workings  in  the  Mercur  District. 
Thence  by  gravity  the  water  is  distributed  along 
subdivided  mains  aggregating  not  less  than  ten 
miles  in  extent,  reaching  every  mine  in  the  district 
now  being  operated  down  to  Sunshine  and  below, 
supplying  the  towns  of  Mercur  and  Sunshine  also. 
Since  that  time  both  towns  have  continued  to  grow, 
mills  have  been  erected  and  contracts  are  out  today 
for  other  mills  to  be  erected  and  a  period  of  per- 
manent development  has  been  inaugurated  which 
promises  to  make  Camp  Floyd  the  greatest  gold 
mining  camp  on  the  face  of  the  earth. 

The  putting  in  of  this  plant  involved  an  outlay 
of  something  like  $75,000,  and  this  money  was 
invested  at  a  time  when  the  State  and  Salt  Lake 
City  were  full  of  "doubting  Thomases,"  who  con- 
tinually questioned  the  soundness  of  the  investment 
and  disputed  the  permanence  of  the  district;  but 
the  conclusions  of  Mr.  Bruback  and  his  associates 
have  been  justified  by  succeeding  evenis,  and  while 
very  little  is  thought  of  this  undertaking  in  connec- 
tion with  the  development  of  Mercur  gold  fields 
there  has  been  no  factor  of  more  importance  in 
making  the  district  what  it  is  than  the  nerve  and 
energy  of  Mr.  Bruback  as  manifested  in  the  Gold 
Belt  Water  enterprise. 


One  thousand  men  found  employment  in  and 
from  the  mines  of  the  Cottonwoods  during  the  sum- 
mer of  1870. 


184  MINES,    MINERS   ANH   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


5alt  Cal^e  apd  /I\ereur  Railroad. 

The  Salt  Lake  and  Mercur  Railroad  is  a  little 
over  elven  and  one-half  miles  long,  extending  from 
Fairfield  to  Mercur.  Its  opening  and  business  career 
commenced  with  freight  hauling  on  January  21, 
1895,  and  the  passenger  service  was  inaugurated 
June  6,  1895.  The  road  starts  from  Fairfield  at  an 
elevation  of  5,000  feet,  crosses  the  Oquirrh  Divide 
at  an  elevation  of  7,000  feet  and  drops  to  Mercur  at 
an  altitude  of  6,000  feet.  The  road  is  standard 
gauge,  and  does  a  thriving  business  under  the 
management  of  its  projector,  J.  G.  Jacobs.  Its 
building  is  recognized  as  a  marked  engineering 
feat. 

UTAH  LIQUOR  COflPANY, 

TELEPHONE    NO.    473. 

Wholesalers,  Importers  and  Jobbers  of 

m 


SOLE  AGENTS  FOR  THE  CELEBRATED 

VAL  BLATZ  BEER. 


'167  S.  Main  Street,  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


185 


•0    -K^        "••>         V 

With    thundering    speed   and    mighty 

force 

t  \       Came  the  panting,  throbbing,  iron  horse; 
Then  desert  bloomed,  and   mountains 

old 

Sent  foith  rich  streams  of  precious  gold; 
Cities  sprang  up  on  every  hand; 
D.  E.  BURLKT,  QBHL.  AGXHt     Pro8perity  came  with  the  "Overland." 

U.  P.  PA88.  DKP'T. 

There  has  been  no  greater  factor  in  the  develop- 
ment of  the  manifold  mineral  resources  of  this 
region  than  the  Union  Pacific  Railroad.  Utah's 
famous  districts  have  only  to  compare  their  present 
advanced  condition  of  development  and  production 
with  the  undeveloped  and  comparatively  unknown 
sections  that  are  isolated  from  the  outside  world  by 
the  absence  of  rail  communication,  in  order  to  gain 
adequate  comprehension  of  the  part  played  by  the 
Union  Pacific  in  the  shaping  of  their  destinies. 
This  company  has  at  all  times  kept  pace  with  the 
tremendous  industrial  growth  and  rapid  develop- 
ment of  western  resources,  extending  its  branches 
and  feeders  into  every  mining  district  and  encourag- 
ing and  making  possible  the  building  up  of  com- 
munities and  the  development  of  rich  mines.  The 


186  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH  • 

total  mileage  of  the  great  system  is  4,442,  while  in 
the  mining  regions  of  Utah  and  Idaho  it  has  1,421 
miles  of  track,  tapping  every  mineral  region  and 
affording  an  outlet  for  the  ores  of  thousands  of 
mines.  The  period  of  active  mining  operations  in 
Utah  dates  from  the  advent  of  the  Union  Pacific, 
and  it  may  truthfully  be  said  that  the  first  locomo- 
tive whistle  in  Utah  heralded  the  birth  of  the  min- 
ing industry  in  this  State.  So  great  has  been  its 
faith  in  this  region  that  it  has  in  many  instances 
kept  in  advance  of  the  country's  growth,  extending 
its  lines  into  undeveloped  districts  which  have 
subsequently  became  great  producers. 

Mercur,  Utah's  world  famous  gold  camp,  with 
its  Mercur,  Golden  Gate,  Sunshine,  Geyser, 
Marion,  Sacramento  and  other  rich  gold  mines  and 
five  cyanide  mills  in  operation,  is  reached  only  over 
the  Union  Pacific. 

Eureka,  Mammoth  and  Silver  City,  the  camps 
of  the  great  Tintic  district,  the  greatest  producer  of 
gold  and  silver  In  Utah,  are  reached  by  direct  Union 
Pacific  line  from  this  city,  and  for  years  the  Union 
Pacific  gave  to  the  ores  of  this  district  their  only 
outlet  to  market. 

Park  City,  made  famous  by  its  Ontario,  Daly, 
Daly  West,  Silver  King,  Anchor  and  other  great 
producing  mines,  was  given  its  first  railroad  by  the 
Union  Pacific,  a  branch  extending  from  Echo,  on 
the  main  line.  All  the  ores  shipped  out  of  this 
camp  reach  the  smelters  over  the  Union  Pacific. 

The  southern  extension  of  the  Utah  line  was 
built  chiefly  to  aid  in  the  development  of  the  mines 
of  that  section,  and  at  Frisco,  the  terminus,  is 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  187 

located  the  wonderful  Horn  Silver  mine,  while  the 
other  mining  districts  at  Beaver  and  Millard  coun- 
ties are  all  reached  by  this  line  and  by  no  other. 

The  new  State  Line  district,  in  the  western 
part  of  Iron  County,  which  is  just  now  the  scene  of 
rich  discoveries  and  promises  to  become  an  impor- 
tant camp,  can  only  be  reached  via  the  Union 
Pacific  to  Frisco. 

Pioche,  De  Lamar,  and  other  important  camps 
in  eastern  Nevada  are  directly  reached  via  the 
Union  Pacific  to  Milford. 

The  Tooele  branch  of  the  Union  Pacific  extends 
to  Ophir  and  other  districts  west  of  Salt  Lake  City. 

A  quick  and  satisfactory  train  service  is  given 
to  ali  of  these  Utah  camps,  prompt  connections  are 
made  and  the  train  accommodations  are  first-class. 
Parties  from  the  east  desiring  to  visit  the  Utah 
mining  districts  will  find  it  greatly  to  their  advan- 
tage to  purchase  their  tickets  via  the  Union  Pacific. 

All  of  the  important  mining  districts  of  Idaho 
are  reached  via  the  Union  Pacific.  It  is  the  only 
line  to  the  Boise  gold  belt,  the  Owyhee  country, 
Payette  and  Florence  district,  Boise  Basin,  Elmore 
and  Wood  River  mines,  Lemhi  and  Custer  counties 
and  the  Snake  River  placers. 

For  the  business  man,  as  well  as  the  tourist, 
the  Union  Pacific  is  far  in  advance  of  all  competi- 
tors. It  is  the  only  line  now  running  through  solid 
vestibule  trains  to  Chicago  without  change  at  the 
Missouri  River.  Through  Pullman  Palace  Sleepers, 
latest  improved  tourist  sleepers,  free  reclining  chair 
cars,  elegant  day  coaches,  and  the  only  line  operat- 
ing Pullman  dining  cars  out  of  Salt  Lake. 


188  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS    OF   UTAH.- 

The  mountain  division  is  operated  from  Salt 
Lake  City  headquarters,  and  is  in  the  hands  of  a 
staff  of  as  capable  and  obliging  officials  as  it  has 
ever  been  any  road's  good  fortune  to  secure.  Mr. 
D.  E.  Burley  is  the  general  agent  of  the  passenger 
department,  Mr.  S.  W.  Eccles  is  at  the  head  of  the 
freight  traffic  department,  and  Mr.  W.  H.  Bancroft 
is  general  superintendent  of  the  operating  de- 
partment. 


(T\t.  jvf^bo  land  and  Irrigation  Company. 

Mining  and  Irrigation  are  now  and  always  will 
be  the  temporal  salvation  of  Utah.  Among  the 
most  conspicuous  enterprises  of  the  state  in  the 
redemption  of  its  barren  lands  is  that  of  the  Mount 
Nebo  Land  and  Irrigation  Company,  of  Salt  Lake, 
prominently  identified  with  which  are  Messrs.  Gill 
S.  Peyton  and  E.  G.  Rognon,  who,  together  with 
L.  H.  Curtis,  J.  W.  Culley,  M.  A.  Lathrop  and  H. 
W.  Brown  are  the  officers  of  the  corporation.  It 
has  finished  a  complete  system  which  will  irrigate 
25,000  acres  of  the  finest  lands  in  the  famous  Utah 
Lake  Valley,  known  as  the  Garden  County  of  Utah. 
All  this  land  has  been  brought  under  cultivation  by 
the  diversion  and  storage  of  waters,  under  the  in- 
telligent guidance  of  nervy  men,  from  channels 
where  it  previously  accomplished  no  public  good.  By 
turning  it  on  the  lands  that  lie  near  the  great  min- 
ing camp  of  Eureka  and  the  wonderful  mining 
district  of  Tintic,  they  have  given  an  opportunity 
for  the  making  of  farms  and  market  gardens  and 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  189 


E.  G.  ROGNON,    LAWYER,    MINE  OWNER  AND  PROMOTER. 


190  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

orchards  in  the  immediate  vicinity  of  a  market  that 
is  today  and  always  will  be  one  of  the  best  in  the 
state.  It  makes  little  difference  how  the  water  to 
be  utilized  on  these  formerly  barren  lands  has  been 
rescued,  though  it  has  been  accomplished  with  no 
little  cost  and  a  great  deal  of  engineering  in- 
genuity; but  it  is  of  vital  importance  that  the  work 
has  been  so  accomplished  as  to  guarantee  as  faithful 
a  supply  as  need  be.  Investigation  will  show  that 
this  has  been  done  and  the  expenditure  of  money 
has  been  liberal  to  secure  the  assurance  of  perman- 
ence in  the  flow.  Not  only  has  the  company  secured 
an  original  water  right,  but  it  has  constructed  what 
seems  to  be  an  indestructible  reservoir  from  a  half 
to  three-quarters  of  a  mile  in  width  and  about  five 
and  a  half  miles  in  length,  with  an  average  depth 
of  twelve  feet.  This  reservoir  is  already  stocked 
with  the  most  desirable  food  fish.  It  is  no?v  capa- 
ble of  holding  838,000,000  cubic  feet  of  water,  and 
at  any  time  can  be  made  to  store  1,300,000,000 
cubic  feet.  Two  lines  of  railway  .run  practically 
through  the  tract,  and  it  is  not  surprising  that  a 
great  many  eastern  parties,  and  particularly  parties 
from  drouth  ridden  and  cyclone  whipped  districts, 
are  already  purchasing  lands  in  the  new  and  well. 
favored  district  opened  up  by  the  Mt.  Nebo  Land 
and  Irrigation  Company.  No  better  lands  are  to  be 
found  ill  the  United  States,  and  since  irrigation 
gives  the  safest  assurance  of  returns  for  the  labor 
of  the  husbandman — and  that  is  always  the  incen- 
tive to  persistent  toil — it  is  a  safe  conclusion  that 
the  company  having  offered  such  an  opportunity 
will  not  long  have  the  lands  left  on  its  hands, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  191 

especially  when  the  favorable  terms  offered  on  farms 
and  orchards  from  ten  acres  up  are  generally  known. 
Mr.  E.  G.  Rognon  is  the  secretary  and  treasurer  of 
the  company,  Mr.  Gill  S.  Peyton  president.  Their 
offices  are  in  the  Atlas  Block,  Salt  Lake  City,  where 
personal  calls  or  written  inquiries  will  receive  the 
fullest  and  promptest  attention. 


fl\r.  Jotyr;  BeeK. 

Mr.  John  Beck,  owner  of  many  mines,  and  dis- 
coverer of  the  remarkable  Bullion-Beck  mine,  is 
one  of  the  most  notable  and  enterprising  men  in 
the  State  of  Utah.  Today  a  millionaire,  he  has 
known  fully  what  poverty  is.  But  no  condition 
has  been  equal  to  change  a  being  blessed  with  an 
unbounded  hope  and  a  confidence  in  his  destiny 
that  cannot  be  shaken.  He  is  president  and  princi- 
pal owner  of  the  mine  that  bears  his  name — in  fact, 
he  controls  the  property — which  is  more  fully 
described  elsewhere.  He  is  vice-president  of  the 
Northern  Spy  Company,  owning  a  group  of  claims 
near  Silver  City,  and  which  produce  gold,  silver 
lead  and  copper.  He  owns  about  nine-tenths  of  this 
mine,  which  is  now  being  worked  under  lease.  He 
is  president  of  the  Buckeye  Mining  Company, 
located  a  little  south  of  Silver  City.  This  property 
is  now  shipping  ore  which  yields  gold,  silver  and 
lead.  It  is  one  of  the  promising  properties  of  the 
district.  The  Governor,  located  above  Silver  City, 
is  his  personal  property,  now  being  worked  under 


192  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

lease  to  Mr.  E.  Kirby,  Superintendent  of  the  Bul- 
lion-Beck mill.  It  produces  gold,  silver,  lead  and 
copper.  He  owns  the  Black  Cloud  Iron  mine, 
situated  north  of  Eureka.  He  owns  four-fifths  of 
the  Crown  Point  mine,  which  adjoins  the  Bullion- 
Beck.  Its  product  is  gold,  silver  and  lead,  and  is 
at  present  being  worked.  He  also  owns  the  North 
End,  being  an  extension  of  the  Crown  Point.  He 
is  vice-president  of  the  Trapper  Mining  Company, 
which  owns  claims  near  Ketchum,  in  Idaho,  that 
yield  gold,  silver  and  lead.  He  owns  a  one-third 
interest  in  the  Prairie  Basin  claims  near  Salmon 
City,  in  Lemhi  County,  Idaho.  These  are  placer 
as  well  as  ledge  claims,  and  yield  gold  with  a 
heavy  percentage  of  tin.  He  also  possesses  large 
magnesia  deposits  in  Idaho,  near  Soda  Springs,  the 
product  being  95  per  cent  pure  and  boundless  in 
quantity.  In  the  Newton  mining  district,  Beaver 
County,  this  state,  in  what  is  also  called  the  Sheep 
Rock  district,  he  has  some  heavy  interests  that 
give  most  favorable  promise  of  future  growth  and 
yield.  In  Uintah  County  he  owns  nine-tenths  of 
the  claims  of  the  Utah  Asphalt  and  Varnish  Com- 
pany," and  of  the  Ashley  Coal  Oil  and  Gilsonite 
Company.  The  former  owns  fifty-five  asphalt  claims 
and  the  latter  six. 

In  these  claims  coal,  crude  pretroleum,  as  well 
as  pure  bitumen  in  soluble  form  are  found.  The 
bitumen  boils  up  from  springs  in  a  country  that  is 
full  of  loose  sand,  and  the  blowing  winds  drive 
the  sand  into  the  springs,  the  result  being  an 
asphalt  product  in  the  exact  proportions  needed  for 
paving  purposes,  viz.,  16  per  cent  bitumen  and  80 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  193 


MR,  JOHN_BECK. 


194     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

per  cent,  sand,  the  balance  being  moisture.  The 
future  prospects  of  these  two  companies  cannot  be 
really  estimated,  so  great  they  are.  He  is  president 
of  the  Green  Onyx  Company,  whose  fine  quarries 
are  near  Lehi,  and  owns  onyx  quarries  personally. 
He  is  also  the  owner  of  extensive  beds  of  fire  clay 
and  kaolin  near  Lehi,  Utah  County,  this  state. 
Assay  tests  show  that  these  clays  contain  38  per 
cent  alluminum,  while  no  superior  fire  clay  for 
manufacture  of  fire  brick  is  known.  He  is  one  of 
the  originators  in  the  movement  for  the  manufacture 
of  sugar  from  beets  in  Utah,  and  aided  in  having 
the  factory  located  in  Utah  County.  He  is  still  a 
heavy  owner  in  the  Utah  Sugar  Factory,  and  one  of 
its  directors.  He  owns  a  big  orchard  in  the  same 
county,  and  now  has  over  forty  acres  in  grapes 
alone.  He  owns  the  Saratoga  Springs,  near  Lehi, 
which  give  a  flow  of  pure,  unmineralized  warm 
water,  which  he  has  utilized  to  afford  public  bath- 
ing. He  is  also  the  owner  of  the  famous  Beck's 
Hot  Springs,  in  the  north  end  of  Salt  Lake  City, 
and  which  are  reached  by  three  lines  of  steam 
railways.  And  this  is  not  all  that  he  is  interested 
in,  but  such  a  list  affords  some  idea  of  the  charac- 
ter and  enterprise  of  Mr.  John  Beck. 


Oil  was  first  discovered  in  Utah  in  the  Bear 
Lake  Valley  in  1870,  in  Spanish  Fork  Cannon  in 
1878,  and  flowing  oil  wells  were  opened  in  Emery 
County  in  1883. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     195 

THE  KEELEY  INSTITUTE. 

166  W.  Second  North  St.     Lock  Box  480. 


FOR  THE  CURE  Of 

OPIUM  and 
TOBACCO 

HABITS, 
DRUNKENNESS 


AND, 


v—  *^      ™  NEURASTHENIA 


The  Keeley  Treatment  Has  Done  More  to  Help  Humanity,  in  its  Brief 
Time  than  any  other  Reform  Movement  has  Accomplished  in  Centuries 

The  Keeley  Treatment  is  adopted  oy  the  U.S.  Government  for  use 
in  the  National  and  State  Homes  for  disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers  and 
Sailors,  as  also  the  Regular  Army,  and  the  Legislatures  of  Colorado, 
Louisiana,  Maryland,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota  Oklohama  Territory 
and  Wisconsin  have  recognized  it  by  the  enactment  of  inebriate  laws 
for  the  sending  of  worthy  indigent  patients  to  Keeley  Institutes  at 
public  expense. 

PRESIDENT  ANGUS  M.  CANNON  says  of  the  Keeley  Treatment  : 
"I  thought  it  impossible  for  one  man  to  do  what  Dr.  Keeley  has 
done  scientifically  in  counteracting  the  terrible  evils  of  intemper- 
ance.   His  treatment  strengthens  men  physically,  mentally  and  mor- 
ally.  Under  these  circumstances  they  are  given  another  opportunity 
to  become  men  amongst  men.    Is  there  a  man  who  loves  his  fellow 
beings  that  can  fail  to  say:   I  view  Dr.  Keeley  as  engaged  in  a  most 
commendable  work?    1  trust  his  good  work  may  continue," 
INQUIRIES  STRICTLY  CONFIDE  NTIAL. 


196  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

Deep  Q-eel(  District. 


CHAS.   C.  VAN  ALSTINE. 


(ILL  railroad  facilities  are 
afforded  for  transportation 
the  Deep  Creek  district 
must  of  necessity  remain 
in  an  apathetic  state. 
This  part  of  Western  Utah  and 
Eastern  Nevada  is  filled  with 
great  zones  of  gold,  silver, 
copper,  lead,  nickel,  iron  and 
other  precious  metals.  At 
the  present  time  some  of  the 
mines  are  transporting  ore  by 
wagon  an  hundred  miles  over 
mountains  and  desert  to  the 
railroad,  but  a  majority  of  the  claim  owners  simply  do 
their  assessment  work  to  hold  their  properties  until  a 
railroad  is  built  into  the  territory.  Of  late  several 
important  gold  discoveries  have  been  made,  not  to 
mention  the  opening  of  less  valuable  mineral  veins 
which  could  output  several  train-loads  of  ore  each 
day  and  employ  thousands  of  men  were  the  condi- 
tions favorable  for  transportation. 

The  records  of  the  Clifton  Mining  district 
show  about  2500  locations,  of  which  every  one  had 
mineral  at  the  surface.  There  are  some  thirteen 
contiguous  districts  which  quite  equal  the  Clifton. 
Next  to  a  railroad,  a  smelter  and  custom  mill  are 
badly  needed,  all  of  which  must  come  in  time  as 
the  most  natural  sequence  of  the  conditions  of 
the  country.  Water,  fuel  and  fluxing  ores  are 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  197 

in  abundance,  and  with  a  down-grade  pull  from  all 
the  mines  there  is  a  most  pofitable  opening  for  some 
enterprising  smelter  man  or  firm.  This  ore  belt  is 
the  most  extensive  in  Utah,  and  its  most  perfect 
development  depends  chiefly  upon  a  smelter.  The 
expense  of  hauling  bullion  from  the  smelter  to  the 
railroad,  and  coal  and  coke  from  the  railroad  to  the 
smelter,  is  not  an  unreasonable  proposition,  all 
things  considered. 

Years  ago  Prof.  Hadyen,  in  his  geological  and 
mineralogical  reports  to  the  government,  declared 
that  this  particualr  area  of  Utah  would  eventually 
become  the  greatest  gold-producing  region  in  the 
United  States,  and  perhaps  in  the  world. 

The  country  rock  consists  of  granite,  white  and 
blue  limestone,  porphyry,  slate,  quartzite,  all 
shades  of  marble,  onyx,  fire  rock  of  the  very  best 
grade;  some  sandstone  and  numerous  other  kinds 
forming  the  districts  of  Fish  Sprigs,  Willow 
Springs,  Furber,  Clifton,  Glencoe,  White  Horse, 
Eagle,  Munsey,  Johnson,  Spring  Creek,  Kinsley, 
Snake  Valley,  and  many  other  points  not  yet 
formed  into  mining  districts.  All  over  the  country 
there  are  continuous  changes  in  the  formation. 
Here  a  dyke,  there  a  ledge,  and  yonder  a  vein,  and 
then  a  general  intermixture  in  the  float  found,  which 
was  occasion  for  perplexing  and  confounding  the 
prospector  in  the  early  days,  but  now  the  great 
mineral  belt  is  quite  thoroughly  located.  The 
trend  of  the  contacts,  dykes  and  veins  is  generally 
northeast  and  southwest,  and  as  a  rule  are  true 
fissure  with  positive  walls,  and  many  of  them  carry 
talc  casings,  indicating  permanency  in  depth. 


198  MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

The  Fish  Springs  District  is  the  smallest  in 
area  in  this  region,  •  and  has  proven  wonderfully 
rich  in  silver-lead  ores,  and  for  five  years  has  been 
a  continuous  shipper.  The  principal  and  most 
developed  mines  are  the  Utah  group  and  the 
Galena,  whose  wealth,  as  well  as  that  ot  some  less 
developed  mines,  is  beyond  human  calculation. 

THE   UTAH   AND    GALENA. 

The  Utah  Mine  and  Galena  Mine,  in  the  Fish 
Springs  District,  are  two  of  the  most  phenomenal 
silver  and  lead  propositions  in  the  world.  To 
Charles  C.  Van  Alstine  is  due  the  credit  of  the 
discoveries,  made  after  the  district  had  been 
tramped  over  by  hundreds  of  prospectors  who 
claimed  there  was  no  pay  mineral  in  that  region 
nearer  than  the  Deep  Creek  country.  However, 
Mr.  Van  Alstine  was  an  old  Colorado  pioneer  in 
the  prospecting  and  mining  business,  and  had  made 
many  valuable  discoveries  in  his  time,  and  when 
he  picked  up  some  Bird's-eye  porphyry  float  he 
knew  there  was  mineral  in  that  vicinity.  It  was  in 
1890,  while  traveling  along  the  old  stage  line 
between  Utah  and  Nevada,  that  he  made  the  dis- 
coveries of  the  Utah  and  Galena  mines,  the  out- 
cropping ledge  being  fully  a  half  mile  from  the 
place  where  he  first  picked  up  the  float.  The  ledge 
is  of  great  extent,  and  on  it  are  located  also  the 
Miner's  Dream,  Ogden,  Dora  and  Mayflower.  The 
vein  is  a  true  fissure,  which  averages  about  five 
feet  of  clean  galena  ore  that  is  easily  smelted,  and 
returns  about  $140  to  the  ton.  The  shaft  on  the 
Utah  is  down  500  feet,  and  the  one  on  the  Galena 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


199 


400  feet,  through  mineral  all  the  way,  and  the 
mines  are  perfectly  dry,  employing  even  in  these 
times  some  forty  men  the  year  round. 

The  value  *  of  this  property  can  be  better 
appreciated  when  it  is  known  that  the  ore  is 
shipped  by  wagon  seventy-five  miles  to  Deseret, 


W.  SCOTT  CRISMON.OF  THE  UTAH  AND    GALENA  MINES. 

and  thence  one  hundred  and  twenty  five  miles  by 
rail  to  the  smelter,  and  after  cost  of  production, 
traasportation  and  smelter  charges  leaves  a  hand- 
some profit.  This  ore  is  conceded  to  be  the  finest 
silver  and  lead  product  in  the  state,  Up^to  date 


200  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH. 

the  Utah  and  Galena  Companies,  which  are  composed 
of  Messrs.  C.  C.  Van  Alstine,  George  and  W.  Scott 
Crismon,  Elizabeth  T.  Crismon,  E.  M.  Weiler  and 
others,  has  produced  $483,676  worth  of  ore  since 
the  discover}^  of  the  mines,  and  when  a  railroad  is 
built  into  the  district  the  output  will  be  increased 
tenfold.  The  vein  is  clearly  defined  for  4,500  feet 
along  the  properties  of  this  company,  and  at  any 
point  the  same  character  of  ore  is  discoverable  as 
at  the  points  where  work  has  been  done. 

The  developments  in  this  region  dispose  of  the 
fear  of  so  many  that  the  Deep  Creek  country 
offered  nothing  but  surface  minerals.  As  a  matter 
of  fact  the  ore  shows  no  lessening  of  value  at  the 
depth  of  500  feet.  Did  it  stop  there  the  Utah  and 
Galena  mines  would  prove  an  everlasting  fortune,  to 
all  interested,  since  the  ground  above  the  500  foot 
level  contains  all  the  wealth  a  reasonable  body  of 
men  could  desire.  But  the  ore  goes  deeper,  and 
therefore  the  work  on  these  mines  has  done  more 
than  all  else  to  beget  confidence  in  the  permanence, 
depth  and  richness  of  Deep  Creek  properties 
generally. 

VULCAN  AND  CACTUS  GROUPS. 

Messrs.  Geo.  C.  Whitmore,  C.  S.Tingey,  andMr. 
Jensen  and  others  have  a  bond  on  a  group  of  claims 
known  as  the  Vulcan,  at  Fish  Springs,  from  which 
some  very  rich  ore  has  been  taken.  For  a  time  the 
ore  was  lost,  but  having  confidence  in  the  property, 
they  still  prosecuted  the  work  and  were  rewarded 
in  August,  '96,  by  the  reappearance  of  the  ore  in 
larger  quantities  and  higher  in  grade  than  before. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  201 

The  Vulcan  is  near  the  Utah  and  the  Galena  mines. 
There  is  little  doubt  of  its  permanence. 

A  company  is  incorporated  to  work  the  Cactus 
group  adjoining  the  Utah  and  Galena  mines.  The 
incorporators  include  Mr.  Chas.  Crismon,  under 
whose  management  the  Utah  and  Galena  mines 
have  been  so  thoroughly  and  capably  developed,  as 
well  as  Mr.  T.  R.  Cutler,  Manager  of  the  Utah 
Sugar  Company,  and  other  Lehi  gentlemen.  Mr. 
Crismon  has  resigned  from  the  superintendency  of 
the  Utah  and  Galena  mines  to  take  charge  of  the 
development  of  the  Cactus  Company's  claims,  in 
full  faith  that  they  will  soon  rival  any  properties  in 
that  section. 

THE   CLIFTON   DISTRICT. 

The  Clifton  district  is  the  oldest  in  that  region, 
and  dates  its  first  locations  back  to  the  White  Pine 
excitement  in  Nevada.  It  is  a  fabulously  rich 
treasure-cask,  twelve  miles  square,  and  contains 
about  every  precious  metal  known.  The  Cane 
Springs  Consolidated  Mining  Company  has  the 
most  important  mines  as  far  as  development  has 
gone.  The  vein  matter  carries  free  gold,  and 
starting  with  a  three-foot  vein  at  the  surface  it  has 
widened  to  fifty  feet  at  a  depth  of  four  hundred 
feet,  and  the  future  of  this  property  is  simply 
glorious.  Dutch  Mountain  and  Gold  Hill  are  vast 
granaries  of  fabulous  wealth  in  gold,  silver,  copper 
and  galena,  whose  tonnage  is  beyond  the  scope  of 
human  computation,  as  thus  far  shown  by  the 
development. 

Three  miles  South   of   Gold    Hill    is    the    Troy 


202  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

group,  assays  from  which  run  from  $600  to  $10,000. 
Ruby  silver  and  black  sulphuret,  samples  have 
assayed  from  300  to  3,500  ounces  in  silver.  Extensive 
development  this  year  is  in  progress  on  the  Troy, 
Reserve  and  Gulch  lodes,  and  the  property  is 
assuming  bonanza  proportions. 

East,  west  and  south  of  the  Troy  group  lie 
the  Paramount,  Etta,  Tidal  Wave,  Severance  and 
Peculiar  Nos.  1  and  2,  which  are  looking  fine  in 
free  gold,  galena  and  sulphurets. 

The  Sagamore,  Seneca  and  Yonkers  lodes  are 
owned  by  J.  H.  Wolcott,  and  Wolcott  and  Kinney 
are  operating  the  Nominee  and  Doctor  lodes. 

The  Widow  is  rich,  and  charming  Charles 
Sandquist  and  Herman  Bress. 

Northeast  of  Clifton  the  Wilson  Brothers  are 
mining  very  rich  earth,  and  southeast  of  them  is 
the  famous  Coleman  and  Henry  group. 

Spring  Creek  district,  which  lies  at  the  head 
of  Deep  Creek  valley,  is  keeping  pace  with  the 
great  sisterhood,  and  the  Cane  Springs  Company  at 
Clifton  completes  a  golden  chain  of  fourteen  dis- 
tricts that  will  show  bountiful  prosperity  within  a 
short  time. 

DUGWAY    DISTRICT. 

Forty  miles  west  of  Johnston's  Pass,  in  Skull 
Valley,  is  the  Dugway  district,  in  the  north  end  of 
the  Dugway  range.  There  are  many  claims,  but 
the  principal  mine  is  the  Silver  King.  The  ore 
carries  30  per  cent  lead  and  10  ounces  in  silver. 
The  Yellow  Jacket  and  Harrison  have  large  quanti- 
ties of  low  grade  lead  ore,  with  an  oxide  of  iron 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     203 

gangue  and  10  ounces  in  silver.  The  Buck  Horn 
produced  $20,000  and  pinched  out,  but  the  vein  will 
be  found  lower  down.  The  Cannon  mine  has  produced 
considerable  lead  ore. 

DETROIT  DISTRICT. 

The  Detroit  District  is  in  the  south  end  of  the 
Dugway  range.  The  ores  are  gold,  copper,  lead 
and  iron.  The  Howard  mines  are  old  producers  of 
copper,  but  the  smelter  has  been  shut  down  on 
account  of  cost  of  hauling  fuel.  The  Ibex  is  a  gold 
property  that  is  being  extensively  worked.  There 
is  plenty  of  iron  and  copper  ores  shown  in  ten 
claims  in  the  camp.  A  very  fine  strike  is  recently 
reported  in  the  Ibex. 

AURUM   DISTRICT. 

On  the  east  slope  of  the  Schell  Creek  moun- 
tains, on  the  west  side  of  Spring  Valley  is  located 
what  is  erroneously  called  the  Aurum  District,  one 
of  the  oldest  in  the  state,  the  first  locations  dating 
back  in  the  sixties.  The  ore  is  silicious  silver  in 
limestone,  and  averages  about  twenty-five  ounces. 
The  principal  mines  are  the  Sadie  L,  North  Sadie 
L,  Buckhorn,  Blue  Bell,  Copper  Glance,  Silver 
Bell,  Davis,  Copperopolis,  and  Silver  Glance.  The 
output  has  been  about  $150,000.  Just  north  and 
over  the  ridge  is  the  Centerville  district,  which  has 
like  ore  and  has  produced  considerable.  Rail- 
road facilities  are  needed  to  properly  develop  this 
region.  The  Lucky  Deposit  mine  is  the  best 
property  in  the  district.  It  has  five  hundred  feet  of 
shafts  and  tunnels,  and  one  thousand  tons  of  ore  is 


204  MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

exposed.  The  Ruby  Hall  group  is  three  miles 
away,  with  veins  ranging  from  four  to  fifty  feet  of 
quartz  in  silicious  limestone  that  carry  an  average 
of  fifty  ounces  in  silver.  The  shaft  on  the  Grizzly  is 
down  500  feet. 

WHITE   CLOUD   DISTRICT. 

On  the  north  end  of  Mount  Moriah,  ten  miles 
east  of  Muncy,  is  the  White  Cloud  district.  The 
ores  are  gold  and  lead  in  immense  quantities  and 
free  milling.  The  veins  are  from  three  to  twent}' 
feet  thick.  With  railroad  facilities,  soon  to  be 
afforded,  a  big  output  will  result. 

GLENCOE   DISTRICT. 

North  of  White  Cloud  is  the  Glencoe  district, 
in  a  spur  of  the  Deep  Creek  Mountains,  sometimes 
called  the  Glencoe  Mountains.  The  ores  are  mostly 
silicious  in  granite,  the  veins  ranging  from  three  to 
thirteen  feet  wide,  and  some  of  them  have  been 
developed  to  one  hundred  feet  in  depth.  The 
Mother  Lode  lies  four  miles  east,  with  several  other 
claims.  The  ore  throughout  the  district  will  aver- 
age about  forty  ounces  in  silver  to  the  ton. 

THE    SCHELLBOURNE    DISTRICT. 

In  the  same  range  as  Aurum  is  the  Schell- 
bourne  camp,  at  the  old  overland  stage  station. 
The  ore  found  is  all  silicious,  carrying  silver  and  a 
little  gold  in  dolomite.  The  El  Capitan  is  the  principal 
mine,  with  a  shaft  100  feet  and  several  tunnels. 
About  $100,000  has  been  spent  in  development.  The 
other  mines  are  the  Woodstock,  Union,  Golden 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH.  205 

Garter,  Burke,  Martin  and  Lcvell.  There  is  a  10- 
stamp  mill  in  the  camp,  but  a  railroad  is  needed  to 
haul  fuel  in  and  the  ores  out. 

MUNCY   DISTRICT. 

Ten  miles  south  of  Aurum  in  the  Spring  Valley 
is  the  Muncy  region  of  copper,  lead,  silver  and  iron 
ores.  The  Cameron,  Keystone  and  Kansas  claims 
are  the  principal  ones,  with  about  10.00  tons  of 
copper  and  silver  ore  on  the  dumps.  The  Grand 
Deposit  and  other  contiguous  claims  are  quite 
equally  good,  but  all  need  railroad  facilities  for 
operation.  The  mineral  zon.e  here  is  quite  as 
extensive  as  that  at  Bingham,  and  of  a  higher  grade 
of  ore.  Muncy  is  the  natural  center  of  the  region, 
with  plenty  of  water,  salt  and  timber  for  all  pur- 
poses of  mining  and  milling. 

PIERPONT  DISTRICT. 

Eight  miles  south  of  Muncy,  at  the  edge  of  the 
valley  and  the  mouth  of  the  Pierpont  Creek,  is  the 
Pierpont  district,  and  the  principal  mine  and  mill 
bear  that  name.  The  vein  is  form  twenty  to  thirty 
feet  wide,  of  low  silver  ore  which  has  produced 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars,  but  is  now  idle 
on  account  of  being  unprofitable  without  railroad 
facilities.  The  Osceola  district  is  40  miles  south 
of  Aurum,  at  the  lower  end  of  Spring  Valley,  on 
Mount  Wheeler.  It  is  a  placer  gold  camp  that  is 
in  successful  operation,  but  ledges  have  been  found 
that  will  attract  great  attention. 

West  of  the  head^oFSpring  Valley  are   the  old 


206  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

camps  of   Taylor,     Ely    and  Ward.      Ely  is  an    old 
producer  of  gold. 

Duck  Creek  lies  directly  west  of  Muncy,  in  a 
branch  of  Steptoe  Valley,  and  the  country  is  rich  in 
lead  and  a  low  grade  of  silver  ore. 

KINSLEY    DISTRICT. 

There  are  about  fifty  good  claims  in  the  Kinsley 
district,  which  is  west  of  Devine's  in  Deep  Creek, 
on  the  west  side  of  Antelope  Valley.  The  minerali- 
zation is  about  as  it  is  at  Furber — iron,  lead,  silver 
and  copper.  The  Star  mine  is  the  most  largely 
developed.  It  has  a  shaft  200  feet  deep,  and  has 
taken  about  300  tons  of  ore  from  the  workings, 
which  are  now  on  the  dumps. 

DOLLY    VARDEN    DISTRICT. 

Copper  ores  predominate  in  the  Dolly  Varden 
district,  fifteen  miles  north  of  Kinsley.  The  Jack  of 
fluxing  ores  has  long  since  shut  down  the  local 
smelter.  The  country  is  pockety,  and  the  ores  are 
in  chimneys.  For  three  miles  square  the  district  is 
stacked  with  claims,  with  ore  on  most  of  the 
dumps,  but  that  old  story  of  "a  railroad  needed" 
makes  it  a  tenantless  area. 

SPRUCEMONT     DISTRICT. 

Ten  miles  northwest  of  Dolly  Varden  and  only 
a  few  miles  from  Kinsley  is  the  Sprucemont  dis- 
trict, which  is  already  a  rival  of  Muncy  and  Gold 
Hill.  Considerable  work  has  been  done  on  the 
numerous  claims  in  the  district.  The  Spence, 
Lotham  and  Juniper  are  the  principal  producing 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  207 

mines.  The  ore  is  silver,  lead  and  copper.  In  the 
town  of  Sprucemont  is  a  thirty-ton  smelter,  but 
forty  miles  of  a  wagon  haul  to  rail  has  put  a 
quietus  on  the  camp. 

CHERRY  CREEK    DISTRICT. 

West  of  Schellbourne,  on  the  west  side  of 
Steptoe  Valley,  lies  the  Cherry  Creek  district, 
which  is  the  best  developed  of  any  west  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  The  camp  is  a  light  of  other  days,  for 
once  it  had  a  population  of  several  thousand  people 
and  four  mills  in  operation.  The  Star  mine  has 
10,000  feet  of  development  workings,  with  an  800 
foot  shaft  to  the  water  level,  above  which  it  has 
produced  almost  $2,000,000.  It  has  ten  thousand 
tons  of  low  grade  ore  on  the  dumps.  It  is  ninety 
miles  from  a  railroad,  and  hence,  now,  quiet.  The 
Pacific,  Exchange  and  Teacup  mines  have  been 
great  producers,  ami  onlv  need  a  railroad  to  con- 
tinue prosperous.  Eight  miles  north  of  Cherry 
Creek  is  an  extensive  mineral  zone  that  needs  only 
the  encouragement  of  railroad  transportation  to 
become  alive  with  great  activity. 

MINOR    DISTRICTS. 

The  Grantsville  Mining  district  lies  six  miles 
from  the  town  in  the  heart  of  the  range.  The  chief 
mine  is  the  Third  Term,  a  low  grade  lead-silver 
proposition  that  has  been  worked  quite  extensively 
and  will  resume  when  the  white  metal  again 
obtains  proper  recognition. 

The  Lakeside  district  lies  northwest  of  Grants- 
ville in  the  low  range  skirting  the  lake.  The  ore 


208  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

averages  from  40  to  60  per  cent  lead,  and  carries 
some  silver.  With  railroad  facilities  the  camp 
would  be  prosperous. 

Johnston's  Pass  district  lies  on  the  west  side  of 
the  Oquirrh  range,  just  beyond  Skull  Valley.  The 
ores  thus  far  discovered  resemble  those  at  Mercur. 
The  district  is  new,  with  but  little  development 

Death  Canyon  district  is  an  old  one  and  has 
produced  considerable  ore.  It  lies  ten  miles  south 
of  Johnston's  Pass,  in  the  West  Tintic  range.  The 
ore  averages  from  40  to  60  per  cent  lead,  and  from 
10  to  60  ounces  in  silver.  The  district  would  be  a 
heavy  producer  with  railroad  facilities. 

Twenty  miles  west  of  Death  Canyon  is  the 
Omega  district,  in  which  is  the  Rockwell  mine, 
which  has  a  four-foot  vein  of  galena,  carrying  40 
per  cent  lead  and  a  few  ounces  in  silver.  This  is 
the  only  shipping  mine  in  the  district.  The  Wild 
Horse  district  lies  five  miles  further  west,  and  is 
undeveloped. 

The  Granite  Mountain  district  lies  just  north 
of  Dugway.  The  development  shows  the  ore  to  be 
high  in  lead  and  low  in  silver. 


WM.    C.     HALL, 


Mining,  Corporation,  and  Real  Estate  Law, 

McCornick  Building,       -       -       Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS  OF    UTAH.  209 

S^e   <?yai)ide  process. 

While  not  yet  accepted  as  absolutely  perfect, 
potassic  cyanide  thus  far  is  the  most  successful 
treatment  for  the  gold  ores  of  the  Camp  Floyd  dis- 
trict, which  are  of  quite  uniform  quality,  but  carry 
gold  in  such  a  fine  and  divided  state  that  milling 
is  otherwise  out  of  the  question.  The  ore  being 
dry  and  easy  to  mine  and  crush,  it  speedily  yields 
its  values  to  percolation  leaching.  The  process 
consists  of  reduction,  leaching,  precipitation  and 
refining.  First  the  ore  is  passed  through  the  rock- 
breakers  and  crushing  rolls,  and  is  classified  by 
revolving  screens  to  a  quarter-inch  size  (these  being 
the  coarsebt  mesh  screens  or  sieves),  when  it  is 
ready  for  the  leaching  tanks.  The  ore  that  was  not 
crushed  sufficiently  fine  is  again  put  through  the 
crushing  machinery.  The  leaching  tanks  are  open, 
circular,  from  ten  to  twenty  feet  in  diameter,  and 
from  three  to  five  feet  deep,  made  of  plate  steel. 
The  ore  is  placed  in  the  tanks  and  the  cyanide 
solution  is  pumped  in  at  the  bottom,  and  is  also 
drawn  off  at  the  bottom.  The  strength  of  the  solu- 
tion is  about  one-half  of  1  per  cent  cyanide.  It 
takes  about  400  pounds  of  this  solution  to  leach  a 
ton  of  ore,  or,  in  other  words,  it  requires  48  gallons 
of  water  to  which  has  been  added  from  one  to  two 
pounds  of  potassic  cyanide  for  each  ton  of  ore  to  be 
leached,  which  takes  from  12  to  24  hours,  when  it  is 
drawn  off  to  go  through  the  third  operation. 

As  a  variable  quantity  of  potassium  cyanide 
remains  with  the  ore,  the  ore  is  washed  to  recover 
it.  After  dumping  the  leached  ore,  the  process  is 
repeated. 


210  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

The  third  process  consists  of  zinc  precipitation. 
A  metallurgical  filter  or  zinc  box  does  the  work. 
The  box  is  from  18  to  24  inches  long,  of  wood  or 
iron,  16  to  24  inches  wide,  and  from  12  to  20  inches 
deep,  with  small  partitions  about  12  inches  apart, 
placed  cross-wise  of  the  box,  and  so  arranged  as  to 
throw  the  gold-charged  solution  alternately  from  top 
to  bottom.  In  the  bottom  of  the  box  there  should 
be  a  screen  or  sieve  from  two  to  four  inches  up  from 
the  bottom,  upon  which  zinc  shavings  are  placed 
which  precipitates  the  gold  through  the  sieve  to  the 
bottom  in  small  particles.  The  refining  of  this 
precipitate  constitutes  the  fourth  and  last  stage  of 
the  process. 

Zinc  shavings  are  made  one  three-hundredths 
of  an  inch  in  thickness  by  a  lathe,  in  order  to  get 
the  greatest  possible  zinc  surface  in  a  given  area. 
It  takes  one-half-pound  of  zinc  for  each  ounce  of 
gold  bullion  obtained. 

Great  care  is  taken  in  collecting  the  gold  pre- 
cipitate from  the  bottom  of  the  tank  to  prevent  loss. 
Refining  is  done  by  calcination,  or  roasting  and 
acid  treatment.  By  roasting  the  slimes  are  dried  in 
a  mufHe  furnace  and  then  submitted  to  sulphuric 
acid  treatment,  after  which  it  is  washed,  dried  and 
roasted.  The  separation  of  the  acid  solution  from 
the  bullion  is  best  performed  by  decantation  [to 
pour  out],  and  a  filter  press,  as  it  is  desirable  to 
free  the  bullion  from  other  base  metals  before  melt- 
ing. [Be  careful  of  a  draught  in  the  last  drying 
and  roasting  in  the  muffle  furnace,  as  the  loss  of 
fine  precipitate  will  be  great.]  Now  cool  the 
grayish-brown  bullion  of  lumps  and  dust  in  a 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     211 

wrought-iron  box,  then  pulverize  and  mix  with  the 
borax  and  soda  in  such  proportion  as  experience 
dictates  to  secure  a  clear,  light  slag  in  melting.  As 
the  mixture  comes  from  the  cylinder  it  is  charged 
into  a  clay  pot  and  melted  into  clear  gold  bullion, 
990  fine,  and  is  cast  into  bars  a  refined  product. 

Potassic  cyanide  is  a  foreign  product,  costing 
50  cents  a  pound,  and  is  one  of  the  most  valuable 
additions  ever  made  to  metallurgy. 

That  phase  of  the  treatment  for  arsenical  ores 
is  given  under  another  head  on  the  same  subject. 

This  process,  with  some  variations,  can  be 
successfully  and  economically  used  for  the  treatment 
of  silver  ores,  the  utility  of  which  scientific  experi- 
ment will  quickly  solve.  Where  ores  contain  an 
acidulous  compound,  in  most  cases  lime  or  soda 
will  prepare  the  ore  for  successful  percolation 
treatment. 


f\  Utah;  Cife  Ii}$urar?ee  <?ompar;y. 

Hundreds  of  thousands  of  dollars  are  annually 
paid  by  Utahnians  to  eastern  companies  for  life  in- 
surance. This  vast  sum  is  hoarded  by  eastern  cor- 
porations. 

The  patriotic  plan  of  patronizing  home  institu- 
tions in  the  Life  Insurance  line  may  now  be  taken 
advantage  of  by  those  interested,  as  the  INTER- 
MOUNTAIN  LIFE  INSURANCE  COMPANY  of  Salt  Lake 
City  is  in  the  field,  and  is  meeting  with  success 
commensurate  with  its  aims  and  purposes.  It  is  on 


212  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

a  solid  basis,  and  is  as  proportionately  responsible 
for  all  it  contracts  as  any  life  company.  It  is  the 
pioneer  organization  that  has  its  home  office  in  the 
vast  Inter-mountain  country. 

The  death  rate  of  companies  having  the  bulk 
of  their  business  in  the  east  and  south,  and  the  in- 
terest rates  on  equal  security  in  this  country,  is  an 
object  lesson  which  shows  plainly  that  the  people 
of  this  healthy  Inter-mountain  region  pay  to  eastern 
companies  twice  the  amount  that  would  give  them 
equal  protection  and  security  in  a  home  company. 
The  plan  of  this  company  is  unequalled  in  the 
United  States.  A  distinct  fund  is  provided  by  the 
management  which  guarantees  the  full  payment  of 
all  policy  contracts.  This  in  an  entirely  new  fea- 
ture in  the  business. 

The  company  issues  policies  of  such  forms  as 
will  meet  the  wants  of  all  classes  of  insurable*ages 
and  occupations,  and  combines  investment  and  life 
insurance  in  the  best  way,  as  proven  by  the  experi- 
ence of  the  past. 

Features  of  the  leading  policy  are: 

First.  Payment  of  premiums  cease  at  end  of 
life  expectancy,  policy  remaining  in  full  force,  or 
may  be  surrendered  for  cash. 

Second.  Extended  insurance  in  case  of  default 
of  payments  after  three  years. 

Third.  Cash  surrender  value  after  seven  years 
and  at  the  end  of  each  five-year  period  thereafter. 

Fourth.  Surplus  added  to  face  of  policy  when 
it  becomes  a  claim. 

Fifth.  One-half  of  policy  paid  in  case  of  per- 
manent total  disability  caused  by  accident  or 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  213 

disease,  the  remaining  one-half  continuing  in  force 
till  death  or  surrender. 

The  following  are  the  officers  of  the  company: 
Dr.  A.  S.  Bower,  president;  Hon.  Wm.  H.  Rowe, 
vice-president  and  treasurer;  Seth  W.  Maltbie, 
acturay;  J.  B.  Adair,  M.  D.,  medical  director;  Hon. 
H.  J.  Dininny,  general  attorney;  Geo.  E.  Blair, 
secretary;  J.  W.  Kyle,  superintenent  of  agencies. 

Agents  wanted.      Correspondence  solicited. 

Address  Inter-Mountain  Life  Insurance  Com- 
pany, Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 


nit  mm.m.  ww.au.  mum  an.  mi. 

==MANUFACTURER8   <">g 

AND  IWETAliIiURGICAIi  MACHINERY 

fline  and  Hill  Supplies,  Stamp  Hills, 

Corliss  Engines,  Concentrat  Mills, 

Boilers,  Crushing  Rolls, 

Comet  Crushers,  Hoists, 

Frue  Vanners,  Huntington  Hills, 

Riedler  Pumps,  Riedler  Compressors, 
Woods'  Dry  Placer  Hiner,  Smelting  Plants, 


OTTO 
Blanton  Cams,  Browne  Sizers, 

HERCULES  GASOLINE  HOISTING  ENGINES. 

CATALOGUES    ON    APPLICATION. 

J.  W.  YOUNG,  Western  Mgr,  Cor.  State  &  3d  S.  St.  Salt  Lake  City. 


214  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


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Semi-  Weekly,         $2*00  per  year, 
Sunday,    ,     .          2,00       u 
Daily,  ,     »     ,  LOOperm^th, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  215 


of  pree  ai}d  Ur;limit:<?d  Coinage. 

The  free  coinage  of  silver  means  that  the  owner 
of  silver  of  legal  refinement  shall  be  permitted  to 
take  his  silver  to  the  government  mints  and  have  it 
coined  into  standard  money  free  of  cost  to  him.  It 
means  that  silver  shall  be  accorded  the  same  legal 
right  as  is  given  to  gold.  Hence  free  coinage  of 
silver  is  opposed  to  a  seignorage,  or  a  charge. 

The  unlimited  coinage  of  silver  means  that  no 
restrictions  shall  be  placed  upon  the  amount  of 
silver  that  may  be  coined;  therefore  it  means  that 
the  full  offered  product  of  both  gold  and  silver  shall 
be  coined  without  cost  to  the  owner.  Under  the 
operations  of  the  silver  purchasing  clause  of  the 
Sherman  Act  the  Government  was  limited  to  the 
amount  that  should  be  coined;  hence  limited  coinage 
and  the  present  demand  for  unlimited.  Under  the 
same  act  the  Government  purchased  silver  as  a 
commodity,  paying  the  lowest  price  for  it,  yet  turn- 
ing it  into  dollars,  by  the  issue  of  silver  certificates, 
of  a  limited  legal  value  of  100  cents.  The  differ- 
ence between  the  purchase  price  of  silver  and  the 
100  cents  at  which  the  coined  product,  or  the  certifi- 
cate, was  issued  was  the  profit  to  the  government, 
and  was  therefore  a  charge  on  the  coinage  of  silver 
which  has  not  been  and  is  not  imposed  upon  gold, 
as  above  explained. 

Therefore,  the  expression,  "Free  and  unlimited 
coinage  of  silver,"  means  that  there  shall  be  no 
limit  to  the  amount  to  be  coined,  as  in  the  case  of 
gold,  nor  shall  a  profit  be  made  upon  the  coinage 
of  silver  which  is  not  exacted  for  the  coinage 
of  gold. 


216  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

When  you  think 


GOINO 

Please  also  think  of  the  Perfect  Passen- 
ger Service  offered  by 

The  Union  Pacific 

FRM  SALT  LAKE  TO 

DENVER  -  -  23  HOURS 

3  hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

OMAHA  -  -  32f  HOUKS 

11  hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

ST.  PAUL  -  -*         47^  HOURS 

12  hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

CHICAGO  -  -  47f  HOURS 

12  hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

ST.  LOUIS  -  »  47^  HOURS 

11  hours  quicker  than  any  other  line. 

Through  Trains  Carry 

DIJMIMG  CARS,  a  la  eafte, 

PAIiACH   SLiEEPERS, 
P U  Li  Li  M  A  N  TOUH1ST  SIiEEPEf^S, 

BUFFET  LtiBI^Af^Y  and  SJVIOKIJ^G  CAf^s, 
F^EE  ^ECLiIfUflG  CH^IH  CAJ^S, 
HIiEGAJMT   DAV  COACHES. 

Salt  Iiake  City  at  7  a.m.  and  7  p.m.  evepy  day 
in  the  yea*. 

Only  line  to  Mercur  Gold  Fields  and  Principal  Mining  Camps  of  Utah 

CITY  TICKET  OFFICE  201  MAIN  ST. 

D.  E.  BURLEY,  Gen'l  Agt.  Pass.  Dept. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  217 

Qeptury  U/opder. 


Any  scheme  that  will  make  humanity  better 
must  be  accepted  as  a  good  thing  by  all.  This  is 
admitted  to  be  a  fact  wherever  civilization  has  any 
foothold  in  the  world.  Rational  or  irrational  fanati- 
cism, persuasion,  unusual  excitement  or  any  guise 
of  plain  or  occult  phenomena  that  will  transform  a 
wrong  into  a  right,  or  change  a  disgrace  into  a 
thing  of  honor,  has  certainly  done  well  in  the  light 
of  civilization.  The  disease  of  alcoholism  has  pre- 
vailed as  long  as  history  makes  notation  of  time 
and  events.  It  has  done  more  to  outrage  and  curse 
humanity  than  all  the  plagues  and  famines  of  time. 
Of  the  degredation  of  inebriety  no  dissertation  is 
needed  here,  but  the  cure  for  the  same  is  a  story 
far  greater  in  its  scope  and  wonderful  realities  than 
a  dozen  books  of  the  size  of  this  one  could  hold. 
The  pathological  foundations  upon  which  the 
Keeley  cure  is  built  are  as  solid  and  permanent  as 
the  Rock  of  Ages,  and  looked  upon  from  a  purely 
scientific  standpoint  it  is  the  most  glorious  achieve- 
ment of  human  development. 

The  results  of  the  cure  upon  hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  patients,  and  its  adoption  by  the  govern- 
ments of  nearly  all  civilized  nations,  places  it  beyond 
the  cavil  of  skeptics  of  the  world.  Every  downfallen 
and  besotted  individual  may  be  reclaimed  to 
honorable  and  useful  manhood  by  the  Keeley  treat- 
ment, and  it  is  be:ause  the  writer  knows  so  many 
miners,  and  those  interested  in  allied  pursuits,  who 
have  reached  that  pale  where  only  this  remedy  can 


218  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH  • 

save  them,  that  this  article  is  written,  unsolicited  by 
the  management  of  the  Keeley  Institute  in  Salt 
Lake  City. 


U/<?st  (HouQtair?  /T\ir?ir?§  District. 


The  West  Mountain  Mining  District,  which  is 
more  familiarly  known  as  Bingham,  is  justly  named 
the  "Old  Reliable"  mining  camp  of  Utah.  For 
over  thirty  years  rich  ore  has  been  extracted  and 
millions  of  wealth  has  been  returned  to  the  opera- 
tors. In  all  these  years  no  boom  has  ever  cursed 
and  injured  that  camp.  Careful  and  conservative 
management  has  always  characterized  and  has  been 
the  distinctively  healthy  feature  of  the  conduct  of 
the  properties  of  Bingham.  The  district  comprises 
a  remarkable  ore  zone,  scarce  equalled  by  an)'  other 
like  area  in  the  world.  In  mountain  and  gulch  alike 
are  found  the  exhaustless  deposits  of  paying  ores,  as 
has  been  demonstrated  by  the  Old  Jordan  and  other 
long-tried  properties. 

A  majority  of  the  properties  in  the  district  were 
patented  in  the  '70's,  and  have,  in  the  main,  been 
idle  since  that  time.  While  all  are  mineral-produc- 
ing and  in  most  instances  have  made  valuable  out- 
puts, they  were  abandoned  for  lack  of  capital  to 
operate  beyond  the  most  primitive  methods  of 
extraction.  Thus  it  is  a  fact  that  Bingham  has  fully 
one  hundred  and  fifty  idle  mines,  not  prospects, 
that  could  be  made  good  paying  producers  by  the 
expenditure  of  sufficient  capital  to  equip  them  with 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  219 

machinery  to  properly  develop.  As  it  is  now  most  of 
these  properties  are  owned  by  poor  men,  whose 
labor  wage  is  their  sole  dependence,  and  who  can 
neither  afford  to  hire  nor  extract  enough  ore  indivi- 
dually to  make  small  operations  pay.  For  this 
reason  no  camp  in  the  state  has  so  much  in  sight 
for  the  conservative  investor.  There  are  hundreds 
of  chances  to  return  a  larger  income  for  the  capital 
invested  than  can  be  found  in  any  other  industry. 
When  these  idle  properties  were  operated  the  trans- 
portation and  smelter  charges  were  sixty  per  cent 
higher  than  at  the  present,  yet  they  were  operated 
at  a  profit.  Recent  scientific  and  economic  methods 
have  made  the  treatment  of  low-grade  gold  ores 
profitable,  and  in  this  particular  camp  it  has  been 
shown  that  the  low-grade  ores  easily  pay  for  the 
treatment  of  richer  grades,  as  well  as  all  operating 
expenses.  But  the  enforced  reduction  in  the  price 
of  lead  an  1  of  silver  by  combines  on  the  one  hand 
and  legislation  on  the  other  has  compelled  the  closing 
down  of  many  properties  that  otherwise  would  give 
honest  and  direct  employment  to  thousands. 

The  mining  operations  at  Bingham  have  always 
been  conducted  so  quietly  that  little  is  heard  of  the 
great  and  one  of  the  most  promising  camps  in  this 
state.  Outside  of  Utah  it  is  scarcely  known  except 
possibly  among  the  older  mining  men  of  the  country. 
But  it  has  produced  millions  of  money  for  those 
who  have  systematically  operated  its  mines.  It  is  a 
"poor  man's  camp"  only  in  so  fa^as  cheap  opera- 
tion is  concerned,  but  it  takes  capital  to  purchase 
power,  machinery,  and  pumps  to  operate,  and  this 
seems  one  of  the  things  needed  to  make  many  of  the 


220  MINES,    MINERS   AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

properties  in  the  West  Mountain  Mining  District 
profitable  producers.  The  chances  for  successful 
investment  are  fully  as  great  as  in  any  mining  camp 
in  the  country.  No  vein  has  ever  been  known  to 
"peter  out." 

CHARACTER    OF     VEINS. 

The  mineralization  of  the  West  Mountain  Dis- 
trict is,  first,  of  veins  lying  conformably  to  the 
strata,  and,  second,  the  true  fissures  that  cut  the 
strata  at  different  angles.-  The  main  mineralization 
is  1500  feet  wide  and  four  miles  long,  consisting  of 
two  beds  of  dolomitic  limestone,  one  150  and  the 
other  100  feet  thick,  both  heavy  in  mineral.  Above 
and  below  these  belts  are  narrower  beds  of  cal- 
careous shale  and  limestone,  some  of  which  carry  rich 
mineral.  Thus  far  the  depth  of  mineralization  as 
shown  from  the  discovery  point  of  the  Old  Telegraph 
mine  down  to  and  below  the  1500  of  the  Brooklyn, 
is  a  distance  of  over  2500  feet  of  continuous  vein 
of  marketable  ore  of  even  quality.  As  far  as  science 
and  geology  have  established  a  fact  it  is  reasonable 
to  suppose  that  the  ore  will  be  found  to  as  great 
a  depth  as  operation  is  possible,  and  as  depth  is 
reached  more  copper  is  found. 

THE     COPPER    BELT. 

Experts  claim  that  the  development  of  the 
Copper  Belt  in  Bingham  will  disclose  as  great 
deposits  as  found  in  the  Anaconda,  at  Butte,  Mon- 
tana. Once  the  development  reaches  below  the 
drainage  point  this  new  and  great  industry  in  the 
camp  will  have  been  established.  The  Bingham 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  221 

Copper  Company  are  developing  the  Starlus,  the 
northern  limit  of  the  copper  belt,  which  has  a 
shown  width  of  2000  feet,  carrying  S^4  per  cent 
copper  with  gold  and  silver.  The  copper  is  in  the 
form  of  sulphides  and  sulphates,  which  can  by  con- 
centration and  leaching  be  treated  at  a  cost  of  only 
one  dollar  per  ton  of  crude  ore.  The  Crown  Point 
has  output  hundreds  of  tons  of  ore  that  carried  from 
12  to  20  per  cent  of  copper,  taken  from  below  the 
water  level,  and  as  depth  is  reached  the  ore  becomes 
richer  in  copper.  Other  mines  are  having  the  same 
results  in  the  development  of  copper  ore  bodies. 

BINGHAM' s  PLACERS. 

In  1864  Peter  Clays  crossed  the  plains  and 
located  in  Bingham  Canyon.  He  built  the  first  log 
cabin  and  was  first  to  make  a  success  of  placer  min- 
ing in,  the  district,  having  up  to  1867  taken  $30,000 
from  the  ground  at  the  confluence  of  Carr  Fork. 
Other  miners  along  the  canyon  extracted  possibly 
one  million  in  dust,  with  but  little  water,  and  never 
having  reached  bedrock.  Even  up  to  the  present 
but  little  dirt  washing  is  being  done  but  to  prospect, 
most  attention  being  given  to  lode  mining,  owing 
to  the  fact  that  placer  is  less  profitable  than  lode 
mining.  In  the  Butter  shaft  bedrock  was  found  at 
a  depth  of  140  feet,  and  from  six  pannings  made 
from  50  cents  to  $1.50  were  found  to  the  pan,  but 
the  flow  of  water  is  so  great  at  this  depth  that  work 
is  impracticable  at  the  present.  However,  the 
future  of  placer  mining  is  full  of  great  promise. 
There  are  yet  fourteen  miles  of  the  Bingham  chan- 
nel that  have  never  been  worked  for  placers,  and  con- 


222  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

servative  men  of  wide  experience  in  the  district 
claim  that  the  ground  will  produce  $2,000,000  net 
to  the  mile.  Up  to  date  Bingham  has  produced 
about  115,000  ounces  of  gold,  but  the  industry  has 
not  even  .started  as  yet.  When  the  subterranean 
flow  of  water  is  once  regulated  the  main  channel 
and  its  latterals,  banks  and  bars  down  to  bedrock,  will 
give  up  fabulous  wealth. 


One  of  the  most  notable  undertakings  in  the 
West  Mountain  Mining  District,  and  in  fact  in  the 
West,  is  the  projected  work  of  the  Bingham  Tunnel 
Company,  a  Salt  Lake  corporation.  It  proposes  to 
drive  a  tunnel  under  the  greatest  mines  in  the  dis- 
trict— a  tunnel  which  will  be  500  feet  beneath  the 
lowest  present  workings  of  the  famous  Dalton  and 
Lark  group  of  mines.  It  is  to  be  at  least  three 
miles  long,  seven  feet  wide,  and  eight  feet  high, 
with  a  drain  2x3  feet  running  under  the  tunnel 
proper  the  whole  length.  When  constructed  it 
will  drain  the  whole  of  the  region  now  embraced  in 
the  Dalton  and  Laik,  Brooklyn,  Miner's  Dream, 
Old  Telegraph,  Wasatch  (now  controlled  by  the 
Winnamuck),  Yosemite  No  1  (bonded  to  the 
Golden  Opportunity),  Yosemite  No.  2,  Antelope, 
Lead  Mine,  Richmond,  Badger,  Chicago,  Key- 
stone, Hamlin,  Rough  and  Ready,  Old  Jordan, 
Galena,  and  Reindeer,  and  other  groups.  This 
region  has  a  wonderful  record  for  the  production  of 
lead,  its  yield  being  about  90  per  cent,  of  the 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  223 

whole  Bingham  product,  which  is  equal  to  some- 
thing like  40  per  cent,  of  the  total  product  of  Utah 
lead  or  10  per  cent  of  the  total  lead  product  of  the 
region  west  of  the  Missouri  River.  At  this  writing 
operations  are  largely  suspended  owing  to  the 
presence  of  water,  the  low  price  of  silver,  and  the 
cost  of  work.  When  the  plan  of  the  Bingham 
Tunnel  Company  is  completed,  however,  all  this 
great  lead  ore  belt  will  be  substantially  dry,  and  the 
saving  —  because  it  will  then  no  longer  be  necessary 
to  lift  the  water — will  enable  a  resumption  of  work 
on  the  properties  now  closed  and  will  also  make 
possible  a  greater  develpment  of  those  properties 
still  producing.  This  tunnel  will  also  enable  the 
ores  from  this  area  to  be  brought  to  the  surface 
without  hoisting,  and  will  also  permit  the  develop- 
ment of  the  properties  to  a  depth  that  might  not  be 
thought  of  but  for  this  undertaking.  The  water 
drained  from  the  extent  of  territory  to  be  covered 
by  the  tunnel  will  be  utilized  in  generating  electri- 
city with  which  to  light  the  tunnel  and  the  mines 
and  to  furnish  power  for  driving  the  drills — which 
is  all  the  artificial  power  that  will  then  be  needed, 
since  the  completion  of  the  tunnel  will  render 
unnecessary  any  power  to  lift  the  water  or  to  hoist 
the  ores.  A  tunnel  seven  feet  wide  will  permit  the 
use  of  a  single  track  with  large  cars,  while  addi- 
tional width  will  be  given  at  points  for  the  switch- 
ing and  passing  of  cars.  All  that  will  need  to  be 
done  will  be  to  let  the  ore  drop  to  the  tunnel, 
whence  it  will  be  taken  to  the  surface  almost  by 
gravity. 

The  work  involves  an  expenditure  of  something 


224  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

like    $400,000,     and    has    already    been    prosecuted 
close  on  600  feet. 

It  is  a  great  undertaking,  and  means  more  for 
that  region  than  most  people  can  conceive. 
Besides,  the  water  will  be  used  to  irrigate  the  rich 
acres  of  barren  lands  lying  above  the  canals  and 
beneath  the  lower  hills  of  the  Oquirrh  range,  and  to 
this  use  it  will  be  put  after  it  has  accomplished  its 
primary  mission,  that  of  furnishing  power  for  the 
running  of  drills,  furnishing  light,  and  perjiaps 
concentrating  ores  carrying  too  low  a  percentage  of 
minerals  to  justify  the  shipment  by  rail  in  the  state 
in  which  they  are  extracted. 


5l?e 

In  1890  Messrs.  J.  Schenck  and  H.  H.  Rea 
purchased  what  are  now  the  noted  Dalton  and  Lark 
mines,  in  the  West  Mountain,  or  Bingham,  Mining 
District.  During  that  year  and  into  part  of  1891 
work  was  steadily  prosecuted.  Then  it  was  su- 
spended only  to  be  resumed  in  October  of  1892. 
From  that  time  the  Dalton  and  Lark  have  been 
steady  producers,  and  have  yet  to  fail  paying  a 
dividend  each  month — first  to  the  syndicate  con- 
trolling them,  and  later  to  the  corporation  to  which  the 
title  was  transferred.  The  Dalton  and  Lark  Gold, 
Silver  and  Lead  Mining  and  Milling  Company  was 
organized  February  24,  1896,  with  a  capital  of 
$2,500,000,  and  on  the  first  day  of  March  fol- 
lowing declared  a  dividend  and  has  repeated  the 


226     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

pleasing  performance  each  month  since.  Subse- 
quently the  company  purchased  the  claims,  improve- 
ments, tramway  and  mill  of  the  owners  of  the 
Brooklyn  group  of  claims,  by  this  means  at  once 
reaching  the  position  of  one  of  the  most  conspi- 
cuous mining  institutions  in  the  West.  The  tram- 
way is  some  seven  miles  long,  running  from  the 
company's  mines  to  the  Rio  Grande  Western  Rail- 
way in  Bingham  Canyon  proper,  at  which  point  also 
its  chief  mill  is  situated.  [This  mill  was  burned 
tc  the  ground  July  24,  1896,  but  was  fully  insured.] 
The  Dalton  and  Lark  owns  four  groups  of  claims — 
all  patented  —  in  all  some  twenty-eight  claims 
known  to  be  on  the  great  mineral  belt  of  this  won- 
derful district.  Thousands  of  feet  of  workings  have 
opened  vast  ore  bodies,  so  that  the  permanence  of 
the  production  of  the  mines  has  passed  beyond  any 
question.  This  group  is  also  sharing  the  same 
satisfactory  condition  as  so  many  other  of  the 
deeper  workings  have  recently  betrayed — the  ore  is 
getting  richer  as  the  depth  is  getting  greater.  When 
the  Bingham  Tunnel  Company,  elsewhere  described, 
shall  have  prosecuted  its  work  until  it  is  beneath 
this  group  there  will  be  a  very  great  saving,  since 
all  water  will  be  drained  and  the  ores  can  be 
brought  to  the  surface  almost  by  gravity. 

Referring  to  the  tramway,  it  should  be  stated 
that  the  ore  is  hauled  by  gravity  to  the  railroad, 
while  the  empty  cars  and  supplies  are  taken  back 
by  horses.  The  Dalton  and  Lark  is  one  of  the 
most  promising  corporations  in  Utah  today. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.         227 
Jl?e  Bii^tyam  Copper  Qompapy. 

The  J^ingham  Copper  Company  has  two  of  the 
most  valuable  groups  of  mines  in  the  West  Moun- 
tain Mining  district.  Of  the  two  (one  a  copper  and 
the  other  a  gold-lead-silver  proposition),  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  say  which  is  the  greater  if  either  might  be 
given  distinction  over  the  other.  There  is  every 
reason  to  believe  that  the  copper  group  will  estab- 
lish the  correctness  of  a  long-time  theory  that  Utah 
has  just  as  great  deposits  of  the  red  metal  as  have 
ever  been  developed  in  the  world.  On  the  Starlus 
mine,  of  this  company,  the  most  flattering  develop- 
ments have  been  made,  establishing  beyond  the 
peradventure  of  doubt  the  great  values  of  copper 
previously  estimated  by  Mr.  Orlando  B.  Hardy, 
the  founder  of  the  company.  Mr.  Hardy  is  a  gen- 
tleman of  wide  and  varied  mining  experience.  He 
was  born  in  Ohio,  forty-eight  years  ago,  and  has 
spent  the  past  nineteen  years  on  the  Pacific  coast. 
The  most  eventful  part  of  his  career  has  been  spent 
in  the  upbuilding  of  California,  Nevada,  Washing- 
ton, Montana,  Idaho  and  Utah  mining  interests, 
and  his  name  is  quite  as  familiar  in  mining  circles 
as  that  of  any  man  identified  in  Inter-mountain  in- 
dustries. He  came  to  Utah  a  year  ago  last  June, 
and  founded  the  company  at  Bingham  not  only  on 
the  faith  that  the  character  of  the  country  imbued 
him  with,  but  put  up  a  fortune  made  out  of  the 
powder  business  in  California,  as  a  guarantee  that 
the  propositions  that  he  promoted  and  fostered  were 
worthy  of  great  confidence.  The  officers  of  the 
Bingham  Copper  Company  are:  W.  E.  Germaine, 


228  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 


MR.  ORLANDO  B.  HARDY  OP  THE  BINGHAM  COPPER  COMPANY. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  229 

president  and  assistant  manager;  O.  B.  Hardy, 
vice-president  and  general  manager;  A.  B.  Miller, 
secretary  and  treasurer;  and  W.  A.  Byers,  attorney; 
all  are  directors  and  principal  owners,  Mr.  Hardy 
controlling  a  majority  of  the  shares  for  which 
the  company  is  now  capitalized.  The  company 
was  first  incorporated  with  200,000  shares  at  a  par 
value  of  $5  each.  Owing  to  the  recent  rich  strikes 
made  in  the  shaft  now  sinking  below  water  level, 
and  the  great  amount  of  capital  needed  to  properly 
continue  development,  the  company,  on  the  29th 
day  of  August,  1896,  held  a  meeting  and  decided  to 
increase  the  number  of  shares  to  1,000,000  of  a  par 
value  of  $1  per  share  and  place  the  stock  upon 
the  public  market,  with  100,000  shares  of  treasury 
stock  in  reserve,  at  a  figure  to  be  decided  by  the 
course  of  events. 

On  the  Starlus  a  shaft  is  now  down  one  hun- 
dred feet,  and  the  copper  values  in  this  distance 
have  increased  just  double.  On  this  claim  a  tunnel 
has  been  driven  in  on  the  vein  950  feet,  from  which 
point  a  winz  has  been  sunk  100  feet,  showing 
steadily  increasing  values  with  the  increase  in 
depth.  The  ore  is  clean  and  filled  with  from  16  to 
18  per  cent  copper  and  carries  from  $15  to  $20  in 
gold.  This  particular  vein  parallels  the  great  ore 
zone  in  the  Amanda  claim  of  the  same  group, 
which  is  of  lower  grade,  but  only  three  hundred 
feet  away.  A  tunnel  has  been  driven  on  this  vein 
550  feet  cutting  the  pay  chute  260  feet  from  the 
surface.  At  this  point  the  vein  is  14  feet  thick, 
the  ore  averaging  8^  per  cent  copper,  $5  to  $8 
in  gold,  and  from  7  to  15  oz.  in  silver,  making  the 


230  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

average  value  of  the  ore  about  $23.  The  shaft  on  the 
Starlus  will  be  continued  another  one  hundred  feet, 
which  will  put  it  below  the  water  level,  or  in  the 
richer  copper  zone,  as  known  to  all  practical  min- 
ing men  in  the  world.  Without  the  least  doubt 
this  will  put  the  Starlus  down  into  mineral  worth 
at  least  30  per  cent  in  copper,  and  naturally  carry- 
ing a  greater  per  centage  of  gold.  The  present  value 
of  the  ore  shipped  from  the  Starlus  averages  from 
$40  to  $50  to  the  ton.  The  copper  is  worth  about 
$17.60,  with  about  the  same  value  in  gold,  and  the 
balance,  carrying  five  to  ten  ounces  in  silver,  will 
easily  indicate  the  character  of  the  ore,  which 
happily  has  a  home  market  at  the  Germania  smel- 
ter. One  hundred  tons  have  just  been  shipped,  for 
which  returns  in  cash  were  made  as  above  stated, 
and  there  are  at  this  writing  fifty  tons  more  of  the 
same  ore  in  the  bins.  There  are  ten  claims  in  the 
group,  consisting  of  the  Starlus,  Horseshoe,  Lucy 
Q.,  St.  Patrick,  Mabel  C.,  Amanda,  Remnant,  Cop- 
per Queen,  Sarsfield  and  Keystone,  in  all  compris 
ing  121.68  acres. 

The  Bingham  Copper  Company  also  own  the 
Benton-Nast  group,  or  what  is  more  familiarly 
known  now  as  the  Benton  group  of  eight  claims. 
The  property  carries  gold,  silver,  and  also  lead.  This 
group  has  already  yielded  over  $300,000.  There  is 
one  tunnel  in  1,900  and  one  in  1,600  feet  long.  It 
lies  about  a  mile  and  a  quarter  from  the  copper 
group  of  claims,  and  the  production  is  about  ten 
tons  of  $30  ore  per  day.  There  is  from  $7  to  $9 
in  gold,  from  15  to  30  ounces  in  silver,  and  from 
30  to  50  per  cent,  in  lead.  The  company  intends 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  231 

to  temporarily  cease  operations  in  the  upper  work- 
ings and  run  a  1000-foot  tunnel  to  cut  all  the  veins 
at  a  point  at  least  400  feet  below  the  present  work- 
ings. With  this  tunnel  completed  it  will  be  an 
easy  matter  to  make  the  output  at  least  one  hun- 
dred tons  a  day.  The  ore  is  clean  and  will  need 
no  mill  treatment,  but  can  go  direct  to  the  smelter. 


of  Bi 

ABE  LINCOLN  GROUP. — The  Abe  Lincoln  Gold 
and  Silver  Mining  Company  own  the  Abe  Lincoln, 
Yucan,  Wanty,  Wanty  No.  1,  Cactus,  Henley  and 
Ruth.  The  property  lies  northwest  of  and  adjoins 
the  Dalton  and  Lark  group;  development  1000  foot 
tunnel  from  Pine  Gulch  to  tap  the  Mayflower. 

ALL'S  WELL. — Has  400  feet  of  tunnel  and 
incline  development  in  Bingbam  Canyon,  on  four- 
foot  vein  of  good  grade  of  ore  of  gold,  silver  and 
lead,  and  carries  10  per  cent  copper.  Located  in 
1891,  and  now  needs  capital  tor  development. 

AGNES  AND  DANA. — In  Carr  Fork;  old  location; 
silver  and  lead  ore  and  has  produced  500  tons  from 
shaft  250  feet  deep;  abandoned  on  account  of  water 
and  no  capital. 

ANTELOPE. — In  Copper  Gulch;  gold,  silver, 
lead  and  iron,  valued  from  $30  to  $40;  incline  of 
650  feet;  drift  150  feet.  Steady  shipper. 

AMAZON. — In  Markham  Gulch;  located  in  1882; 
gold,  silver  and  lead;  two  tunnels  300  and  600 
feet;  produces  an  average  of  50  tons  of  high  grade  ore. 

ALFARATA. — In    Markham    Gulch;      located    in 


232 


MINES,    MINERS    AND    MINERALS  OF    UTAH. 


UPPER  BINGHAM  CANYON. 

1890;    gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron;    has    incline    and 
700  feet  of  tunnels;     ore    averages 
per  ton. 


from    $7    to    $80 


MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  233 

ARROPEAN  GROUP. — In  Cottonwood  gulch; 
located  1873;  gold,  silver  and  lead;  1500  feet  of 
cross-cuts  and  drifts;  value  of  ore,  $60. 

BADGER. — In  Brooklyn  gulch;  located  1874; 
gold,  silver  and  lead;  extensive  development; 
deepest  shaft  400  feet;  ore  averages  $80  per  ton. 

BUTTERFIELD    MlNING     COMPANY.  —  In    Butterfield 

Canyon;  group  consisting  of  the  Queen,  Bemis, 
Hyatt,  French  Spy,  Eagle  Bird,  Old  Times,  and 
Northern  Chief;  gold,  silver  and  lead;  extensive 
development  and  one  of  the  greatest  and  richest 
properties  in  the  district. 

BURNING  Moscow. — In  Muddy  Gulch;  old 
location;  gold,  silver  and  lead  carbonates. 

CHICAGO. — In  Brooklyn  gulch;  old  location; 
gold,  silver  and  lead;  small  development. 

CLYDE. — In  Markham  gulch;  located  1882; 
gold  and  silver  in  white  iron;  good  grade  of  ore; 
small  development. 

CLYDE  No.  2. --Between  Oregon  gulch  and  Carr 
Fork;  located  1882;  gold,  silver  and  lead  in  good 
paying  ore,  and  extensive  development  is  in 
progress. 

CLYDE  No.  3. — In  Markham  gulch;  located 
1884;  ore  averages  $lu  by  cyanide  process. 

CUBA. — In  Carr  Fork;  old  location;  gold,  silver 
and  copper;  on  same  vein  as  Crown  Point,  and  the 
ore  averages  14  per  cent  copper. 

CONGOR. — In  Pine  gulch;  gold  silver  and  25 
per  cent  copper. 

DALTON  AND  LARK. — The  Dalton  and  Lark 
Mining  and  Milling  Company  own  the  largest 
group  of  mines  in  the  West  Mountain  district — 


234     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


thirty-one  claims  in  all,  of  which  thirteen  are  pro- 
ducers. The  Lead  Mine  and  Brooklyn  are  famous 
for  their  output  for  over  twenty  years.  The 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     235 

Brooklyn  has  the  deepest  shaft  in  the  district,  1,500 
feet,  and  there  are  2,500  feet  of  levels.  The  Lead 
Mine  shaft  is  1000  feet  deep  and  contains  extensive 
levels.  The  Dalton  and  Lark  locations  are  being 
extensivelv  developed  from  one  common  shaft,  with 
about  a  daily  average  output  of  150  tons  of  a  grade 
of  ore  that  permits  of  a  monthly  dividend  after  pay- 
ing very  heavy  expenses.  The  Richmond  and 
Keystone  of  this  group  are  also  being  extensively 
developed  and  show  up  immense  bodies  of  ore.  Up 
to  the  present  time  the  four  older  mines  have 
produced  between  five  and  six  millions  of  dollars, 
and  they  are  still  capable  of  making  enormous 
outputs.  Included  in  the  Dalton  and  Lark 
property  are  two  mills  of  200  tons  capacity,  and 
six  miles  of  tramway  and  cars.  The  surface 
improvements  are  extensive  and  substantial,  and 
the  company's  interests  are  most  ably  managed 
with  the  very  brightest  prospects  for  a  future  of 
constantly  increasing  operation  and  prosperity. 

EMMA  COPPER. — In  Bingham  Canyon;  27  per 
cent  copper;  iron  and  silver;  a  fine  prospect. 

EVERGREEN.  — In  Copper  gulch:  silver  and  gold  in 
good  quantities,  but  shut  down  since  1887  on 
account  of  lack  of  capital. 

FLAMBEAU. — In  Markham  gulch;  located  1884; 
silver  bearing  galena  of  good  grade,  and  a  promis- 
ing mine. 

GREEN  GROVE.— In  Cottonwood  gulch;  located 
1872;  gold,  silver  and  lead;  about  1000  feet  of 
development  on  strong  vein  and  good  mineral. 

GREELEY  GROUP. — In  Carr  Fork;  old  locations, 
and  producers  of  silver,  gold  and  lead  ore;  2000 


236  MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAtt. 

feet  of  development  in  the  Greeley,   Ten-Forty   and 
Sacred  mines. 

GREEK  GROUP. — In  Bear  Gulch,  located  in 
1873;  the  Athens,  Idaho  and  Morett  are  producers 
of  gold,  silver  and  lead  ore  valued  from  $25  to  $35 
per  ton;  2,000  feet  of  development,  made  mostly 
single  handed  by  the  eccentric  owner  in  20  years; 
immense  bodies  of  ore  exposed,  but  never  worked 
for  production. 

GRANT  GROUP.  —  In  Markham  gulch;  located  in 
1891;  gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron;  1,000  feet  of 
development  in  splendid  ore.  The  Coyote  shows 
2J^  feet  of  shipping  ore. 

HARRISON. —In  Carr  Fork;  located  1890;  gold, 
silver  and  iron  of  good  paying  grade,  and  is  being 
extensively  developed. 

JULIA  S.— In  Carr  Fork;  located  1889;  gold, 
silver  and  lead,  the  latter  running  as  high  as  82 
per  cent:  has  400  foot  tunnel,  but  needs  capital  to 
develop. 

•JUPITER. — In  Carr  Fork;  an  old  location,  and 
producer  of  gold,  silver  and  lead;  now  undergoing 
extensive  development. 

JULIA  DEAN.  —  In  Markham  gulch,  located  in 
1864;  gold,  silver  and  lead  ranging  from  $115  to 
$600  per  ton  and  bids  fair  under  increased  develop- 
ment to  become  one  of  the  greatest  mines  in  the 
district. 

LAST  CHANCE  GROUP. — In  Muddy  gulch;  old 
locations;  gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron;  extensive 
development  of  tunnels  and  has  mill;  ore  low  grade 
but  extensive  in  quantity,  the  Last  Chance,  North 
Chance  and  Hooper  being  large  producers. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH.  237 

LENA.— In  Muddy  gulch;  located  1881;  gold, 
silver  and  lead  averaging  $27  to  ton;  500  feet  of 
tunnels,  raises  and  shafts  on  strong  vein. 

LEONA.  —  In  Dixon  gulch;  old  location  and 
producer  of  gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  ores 
averaging  $30  from  six-foot  vein;  developed  by  shaft 
and  tunnel. 

LONE  TREE.  —  In  Carr  Fork;  re-located  1888; 
gold,  silver  and  lead  in  good  grade  of  ore;  has 
shaft  and  tunnel  but  now  quiet  on  account  of  no 
capital  for  further  operations. 

MAYFLOWER.— In  Copper  gulch;  located  1872; 
gold,  silver  and  lead;  has  800  foot  shaft  and  con- 
siderable development,  and  has  been  and  will  be  a 
big  producer  of  high  grade  ore. 

MINER'S  DREAM.  —  In  Brooklyn  sjulch;  old  loca- 
tion, and  producer  of  gold,  silver  and  lead  ore  of 
good  grade  from  100  foot  vein,  which  is  an  exten- 
sion of  the  Brooklyn;  2,000  feet  of  developments. 

MAY  QUEEN.  — In  Cottonwood  gulch;  located  in 
the  70's;  gold  silver  and  lead  producer  from  strong 
vein;  only  small  development. 

MINNIE.  —  In  Carr  Fork;  located  in  the  80's; 
gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron;  over  800  feet  of  shaft 
and  tunnel  development  on  large  body  of  ore. 

MONTEZUMA.  —  In  Markham  gulch;  located 
in  1887;  gold,  silver  and  lead  in  vast  quantity;  about 
1000  feet  of  tunnels,  winzes,  stops,  upraises,  etc.; 
good  shipper. 

NAST-BENTON  GROUP. — In  Muddy  gulch;  located 
in  the  70's;  now  owned  by  Bingham  Copper  Com- 
pany; gold,  silver  and  lead  in  vast  quantities  in 
good  pay  veins;  several  thousand  feet  of  develop- 


238     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

ment;  the  group  consists  of  the  Nast,  Benton,  Red 
Cross,  Gold  Leaf,  Smuggler,  May  berry  and  others; 
all  producers. 

NIAGARA  GROUP. — In  Porcupine  gulch;  all  old 
locations,  including  the  Spanish,  Blackhawk,  Dart- 
mouth, Canby,  Red  Warrior,  Bonnie  Blue  Flag, 
Climax,  Sturgis,  Ajax,  Portland,  Indiana,  Utah,  Live 
Pine  and  Oyhee,  all  producers  of  gold,  silver  and 
lead  ores  of  good  value;  Niagara  tunnel  now  in  3,000 
feet;  will  go  2,000  further  to  drain  entire  property; 
big  concentrator  and  miles  of  development  and 
output  up  to  date  far  exceeds  two  millions  of  dol- 
lars; great  future  for  this  property. 

NORTHERN  LIGHT. — In  Bingham  Canyon; 
located  in  1873;  gold,  silver  and  lead  in  low  grade, 
but  vast  quantity  of  ore;  vast  development  and  60- 
ton  concentrator. 

OLD  JORDAN  AND  GALENA. — In  Bingham  Canyon; 
the  oldest  mine  in  Utah — The  Jordan;  located  in 
1863  by  Fort  Douglas  soldiers;  the  Galena  was 
located  six  months  after  the  Jordan;  gold,  silver, 
lead  and  iron;  vein  in  Jordan  150  feet  wide,  and  in 
all  these  years  the  lower  level  has  only  reached  65 
feet  from  the  surface;  production  of  Galena  and 
Jordan  to  date  about  $18,000,000  from  separate  veins; 
besides  these  original  properties  the  group  consists 
of  fifteen  claims,  several  producers  being  on  the 
Galena  vein. 

OPULENT. — In  Black  Jack  gulch;  located  in  the 
70's;  gold,  silver  and  lead  as  high  as  $113  to  the 
ton  from  strong  vein;  several  hundred  feet  of  shaft 
and  tunneling. 

OLD  TELEGRAPH, — In   Bear   gulch;    one   of   the 


MINES,  MINERS  AN.D  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.        239 

oldest  locations  in  the  district,  and  one  of  the 
greatest  producers  of  gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron; 
gross  product  about  $11,000,000  averages  from  600 
to  1000  tons  per  month  of  good  ore;  considered  the 
greatest  mine  in  district. 

PARNELL. — In  Carr  Fork,  old  location  and 
shipper;  gold,  silver  and  iron  in  good  paying  quanti- 
ties in  good  body  of  ore  developed  by  50  foot  shaft 
and  drifts. 

PEDRO. — In  Carr  Fork;  located  1891;  gold 
silver  and  lead  in  large  body  of  ore. 

P.HCKNIX  GROUP. — In  Carr  Fork,  located  1879- 
1894;  gold,  silver  and  lead  in  vast  ore  body, 
largely  developed  in  eight  claims  all  worked  from 
a  common  tunnel. 

PRIDE  OF  THE  VALLEY.  —  In  Copper  gulch, 
located  in  1883;  gold,  silver  and  lead  on  Dalton  and 
Lark  vein;  100  foot  shaft  and  tunnel  175  feet  in 
good  ore  bodies. 

ROYAL. — In  Spring  gulch,  located  1872;  gold, 
silver  and  iron  averaging  $200  to  the  ton;  long  idle 
and  owner  unknown. 

RUBY-NATIVK. — In  Freeman  gulch,  located 
1886;  gold,  silver  lead;  drift,  shaft  and  crosscut 
600  feet;  small  pay  streak  has  been  developed.  - 

SCOTTISH  CHIEF. — In  Markham  gulch,  located 
1890;  gold,  silver,  lead  and  iron  averaging  $70  to 
ton;  300  feet  of  tunnels  and  incline. 

SILVER  STAR. — In  Bingham  Canyon;  located 
1895;  gold,  silver  and  lead;  shaft  and  tunnel  240 
feet;  ore  returns  from  $25  to  $27.50  per  ton,  with 
good  body  of  it  developed;  the  Navajo  and  Monico 
are  in  group  with  Silver  Star, 


240  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

THE  1889. — In  Bingham  Canyon;  located  in 
1889;  gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper  of  good  paying 
quality;  has  several  thousand  feet  of  development, 
showing  mineral  body  75  feet  thick. 

THRUSH. — In  Bingham  Canyon;  located  in 
1876;  silver,  gold  and  lead,  of  high  grade;  400 
feet  of  tunnels  and  shaft  50  feet;  a  valuable 
property. 

TURNGREN  GROUP.  —  In  Porcupine  gulch;  located 
from  1880  to  1892;  gold,  silver  and  lead  of  good 
grade  of  ore  found  in  the  Irish-American,  Bargain, 
Silver  Comstock,  Tipperary  Boy  and  Turngren; 
2,500  feet  of  shafts,  drifts  and  tunnels,  all  arranged 
to  work  and  develop  through  the  Irish-American 
tunnel. 

U  AND  I.  —  In  Dixon  gulch;  located  in  1887; 
gold,  silver,  copper  and  lead  in  good  quantity; 
1,200  feet  of  development  in  drifts,  tunnels  and 
saiers. 

UNLIMITED  GROUP.  —  Off  Porcupine  gulch; 
located  in  1875-1884;  consisting  of  the  Silver 
Crown  and  Logan;  gold,  silver  and  lead;  developed 
by  1000  feet  of  tunnels. 

VENUS. — In  Carr  Fork;  old  location;  silver, 
gold  and  lead;  considerable  development,  with  good 
prospects,  as  ore  is  above  the  average. 

WASATCH. — In  Brooklyn  gulch;  old  location; 
gold,  silver,  lead;  an  old  producer  of  good  grade 
of  ore. 

WINNEMUCK  GROUP. — In  Bingham  Canyon,  con- 
sisting df  eleven  old  locations  and  all  old  pro- 
ducers of  gold  silver  and  lead;  old  vein  carries  ore 
ranging  from  105  to  1,030  ounces  in  silver  and 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  241 

from  $10  to  $20  in  gold;  vast  development;  output 
of  the  past  possibly  $2,500,000. 

YORK. — In  Carr  Fork;  old  location  and  noted 
property;  gold,  silver  and  lead  in  vast  quantity 
and  of  good  values;  extensive  development. 

YOSEMITE  No.  1  GROUP. --In  Broolyn  gulch 
(also  known  as  Yosemite  gulch);  located  in  1865; 
gold,  silver  and  lead  in  vast  quantities  in  six  claims 
now  in  litigation  before  Supreme  Court*  of  the 
United  States;  miles  of  good  development;  past 
output  about  $3,000,000,  with  future  of  fabulous 
wealth. 

THE    WINNAMUCK    GROUP. 

The  Winnamuck  group  consists  of  eleven  pa- 
tented claims,  and  has  been  one  of  the  heaviest  pro- 
ducers in  Bingham.  It  was  one  time  the  property 
of  citizens  of  Amsterdam.  During  a  period  of  five 
years  they  sold  a  gold  and  silver  product  from  the 
claims  which  brought  over  $1,000,000,  to  which  sum 
must  be  added  also  a  large  amount  for  the  lead 
ores  extracted.  All  this  was  from  ores  that  would 
stand  the  cost  of  transportation  for  smelting,  the 
refractory  or  rebellious  product  being  thrown  over 
the  dump.  It  is  estimated  that  the  property  has 
produced  between  $2,000,000  and  $2,500,000 
though  worked  only  to  a  depth  of  four  hundred  feet. 
It  passed  through  various  stages  of  neglect  and 
finally  of  desertion.  Then  legal  complications,  be- 
cause of  inherited  interests,  interposed  still  more 
serious  obstacles,  and  the  great  producer  was  per- 
mitted to  lie  idle  until  purchased  by  Captain  J.  F. 
Woodman,  Colonel  P.  S.  Sowers  and  John  G.  Lo- 


242      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

gan,  and  the  property  fell  into  the  hands  of  Utah- 
nians  to  be  worked  as  a  straight  business  proposi- 
tion. The  vein  is  large  and  well  defined,  and  there 
is  no  possible  doubt  as  to  the  permanence  of  the 
ore  bodies.  Assays  show  ores  ranging  from  105  oz. 
to  2,220  oz.  in  silver  and  $10  to  $20  in  gold  to  the 
ton,  besides  a  high  percentage  of  lead,  such  as 
abounds  in  nearly  all  Bingham  mines.  The  works 
have  been  remodeled,  water  for  the  concentration 
of  lower  grades  of  ore  has  been  piped  to  the  mills, 
so  that  there  will  not  longer  be  a  waste  of  the 
values  in  the  ores. 

THE  MINER'S  DREAM  AND  VANDERBILT  CLAIMS. 

The  Miner's  Dream  and  Vanderbilt  Claims  are 
the  property  of  W.  C.  Hall,  Esq.,  a  prominent 
mining  and  real  estate  attorney  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
They  are  opened  by  tunnel,  which,  together  with 
drifts  and  inclines,  make  some  2,500  feet  of  work- 
ings. Assays  on  these  claims  give  55  to  63  per  cent 
lead/  5  to  20  oz.  silver,  and  $4  to  $6  gold  to  the 
ton.  The  claims  are  patented  and  adjoin  the  now 
celebrated  Dalton  and  Lark  groups.  They  are  on 
the  Bingham  mother  lode. 

The  Broadgauge  and  Boomerang  are  owned 
by  the  same  gentleman.  They  are  on  the  west  side 
of  Main  Bingham  Canyon,  some  1,500  feet  north 
of  the  Winnamuck  Claims,  now  being  operated  in 
a  thorough  and  extensive  manner.  The  Broadgauge 
and  Boomerang  are  being  worked.  A  tunnel  380 
feet  has  been  driven  in  on  the  vein,  with  an  incline  165 
feet  from  the  surface  to  the  tunnel  level.  There  is 
also  a  lower  tunnel  now  in  75  feet,  and  still  being 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  243 

extended.  These  claims  yield  two  grades  of  ore — 
the  first  assaying  175oz.  of  silver  and  about  12  per 
cent  lead;  the  second  55  oz.  silver  and  about  55  per 
cent  lead. 

The  Atlantic  Mining  and  Milling  Company 
own  seven  claims,  six  of  which  have  been  sur- 
veyed for  patent.  A  tunnel  has  been  run  in  on  the 
property  1,000  feet  and  is  still  being  extended  un- 
der contract,  with  three  8-hour  shifts.  There  is 
also  a  200- foot  shaft.  Gold,  silver  and  lead  are  the 
products  of  the  mine,  assays  showing  20oz.  in  sil- 
ver and  $22  in  gold.  F.  A.  Grant  is  president,  sec- 
retary and  manager  of  the  mine;  Charles  Warren 
is  vice-president.  These  two  gentlemen,  with  C. 
M.  Wood  and  H.  J.  Newman  and  J.  D.  Kenworthy, 
make  the  Atlantic  directory. 

FRISCO    MINING    AND    MILLING    COMPANY. 

The  claims  now  owned  by  the  Frisco  Mining 
and  Milling  Company  very  effectively  illustrate  the 
vicissitudes  of  mining  interests.  Its  claims  are 
located  in  the  favored  district  at  the  head  of  Carr 
Fork,  Bingham  Canyon,  and  have  in  years  past 
yielded  over  $300,000,  and  the  property  was  so 
highly  thought  of  that  in  1884  it  sold  for  $1,500,000 
and  was  then  mortgaged  for  $500, 000.  This  involved 
the  claims  in  tedious  litigation,  and  the  property 
was  neglected  and  its  values  seemed  to  leak  out. 

Finally  Mr.  E.  W.  Center  closed  up  the  diffi- 
culties of  the  old  corporation  and  secured  possession 
of  the  three  claims  in  1896,  which  now  belong  to 
the  Frisco  Mining  and  Milling  Company,  since 
which  time  they  have  worked  them,  paying  as  earl)' 


244     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

as  August  a  dividend,  thus  showing  that  a  great 
property  had  been  idle  and  sunk  in  value  steadily 
without  any  just  cause  for  it.  The  present  owners 
have  incorpoarted  for  200,000  shares  of  a  par  value 
of  $1  each.  Their  claims  run  4,500  feet  along  the 
vein.  In  tunnels  and  drfts  over  4,000  feet  of  work 
has  been  done.  There  are  four  tunnels,  the  longest 
800  feet.  A  great  deal  of  ore  has  been  extracted 
along  the  line  of  these  tunnels,  and  now  a  $3,000 
plant  is  being  put  in  to  sink  a  shaft  through  the  ore 
chute  from  the  lower  tunnel.  The  shaft  will  be 
located  midway  between  the  end  and  the  mouth  of 
the  tunnel,  and  will  be  sunk  500  feet.  It  will  be  a 
double  compartment  shaft,  and  when  finished  will 
give  the  Frisco  a  working  depth  of  1,000  feet.  The 
workings  are  all  connected  with  each  other  by 
stopes,  and  returns  show  the  ore  to  carry  gold,  sil- 
ver and  lead — lead  30  per  cent,  silver  from  42  to 
60  oz,  and  gold  $1.50  to  $4  per  ton.  There  is  little 
question  that  the  Frisco  has  a  most  valuable  pro- 
perty, which  even  at  present  prires  in  silver  and 
lead,  will  pay  for  working  and  will  pay  well.  The 
claims  are  all  patented,  and  the  property  is  in  first- 
class  shape.  E.  W.  Center  is  president  of  the 
company;  George  Havercamp,  secretary  and  treas- 
urer; and  E.  L.  Tarbot,  a  director  and  superintendent. 

THE    JULIA    S. 

This  group  embraces  six  claims  and  a  fraction, 
and  is  considered  a  very  promising  property.  The 
claims  parallel  and  line  two  sides  of  the  Frisco, 
(lately  become  a  dividend  payer)  being  located  at  the 
head  of  Carr  Fork  proper.  The  ground  is  almost 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  245 

virgin,  the  only  work  done  being  to  drive  a  tunnel 
in  some  400  feet  on  the  vein.  In  doing  this 
work  ore  chutes  or  chimneys  were  cut  into,  from 
which  assays  were  had  showing  263  oz.  in  silver, 
62  per  cent  lead,  and  $10  in  gold  to  the  ton. 
Another  the  assays  showed  82  lead,  450  oz.  silver 
and  $11  in  gold.  Prof.  Clayton,  after  a  thorough 
examination  of  Bingham,  asserted  that  the  north 
end  of  the  Bingham  belt  would  turn  out  the  richest 
ore  and  develop  the  most  extensive  ore  bodies.  His 
statement  is  being  partly  verified  by  assays  from 
the  Julia  S.  Two  of  the  claims  are  patented.  The 
owners  of  the  ground  are  Quellin,  Stephens  and 
Cleary.  A  strong  company  will  some  day  get  hold 
of  the  ground  and  push  the  work  vigorously,  as  its 
present  developments  would  seem  to  justify. 

THE    CLEVELAND. 

N.  G.  Jarrard,  W.  L.  Wilt,  A.  J.  Kellbourne 
and  Charles  Sipple  own  the  above  groups,  the  pro- 
perty being  located  at  the  mouth  of  Markham  gulch, 
in  Bingham,  and  adjoins  the  great  Tiewaukee  mines; 
and  is  only  about  1,500  feet  from  the  Julia  Dean, 
now  making  shipments  of  such  high  grade  ore.  The 
property  has  been  opened  by  a  600-foot  tunnel,  and 
has  shipped  some  ore  bearing  silver  and  lead,  with 
some  gold.  The  ground  is  patented. 

THE   CRAMP  AND  YELLOW   METAL. 

Adjoining  the  Cleveland  are  the  Charles  H. 
Cramp  and  the  Yellow  Metal,  owned  by  N.  G.  Jar- 
rard, Charles  Sipple  and  William  Leadingham. 
Goodlooking  surface  prospects,  but  on  which  no 
great  amount  of  work  has  been  done. 


246  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

THE    EDA. 

Is  owned  by  N.  G.  Jarrard  and  Joseph  Laucina. 
This  claim  is  located  about  1,000  feet  northwest  of 
the  York  and  Petro  mines  in  Cottonwood  gulch. 
It  is  opened  by  a  200-foot  tunnel  and  150  foot  in- 
cline, and  is  still  being  worked.  It  is  a  small  ship- 
per of  some  fine  silver-lead  ores,  carrying  also  gold. 

THE    CROFF 

Is  a  patented  property  owned  by  N.  G.  Jarrard 
and  Fritz  Miller.  It  is  located  in  Cottonwood 
gulch,  about  1,200  feet  north  of  the  Petro,  Phoenix, 
and  Coromandel  mines,  recognized  as  among  the 
most  desirable  properties  in  Bingham.  About  400 
feet  of  surface  workings  has  been  done  on  the  claims, 
and  has  a  small  amount  of  ore  in  sight,  while  some 
has  been  shipped.  The  ore  carries  gold,  silver  and 
lead. 

JULIA    DEAN. 

The  Julia  Dean  is  a  group  of  claims  in  Bing- 
ham Canyon  now  making  a  most  phenomenal  show- 
ing. The  great  values  in  the  ores  mined  and  only 
exposed  within  the  past  few  months  are  causing 
many  to  incline  to  the  belief  that  Bingham  is  des- 
tined to  become  as  ntoed  for  its  high  grade  as  it  has 
long  been  recognized  for  the  abundance  of  its  low 
grade  ores.  The  Julia  Dean  .  group  is  not  a  new 
one,  and  the  latest  developments  are  the  return  for 
years  of  hard  and  almost  thankless  work  by  Dan 
Clays — the  owner. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH.  247 

CROWN    POINT. 

The  Crown  Point,  in  Carr  Fork,  near  Main 
Bingham  Canyon,  is  owned  by  Messrs.  Blakeley, 
Bemis,  Kloppenstien  and  Newell,  but  is  under  bond. 
It  is  a  most  promising  mine.  Work  is  now  below 
the  water  level,  and  the  product  of  the  mine  is 
largely  copper,  its  ores  finding  a  ready  market.  It 
is  recognized  by  Bingham  mining  men  as  one  of 
the  coming  great  properties  of  the  camp. 

MONTEZUMA. 

Mr.  W.  J.  Strickley  owns  the  Montezuma,  a 
group  of  claims  that  have  made  a  great  showing  in 
the  last  eight  months.  It  is  giving  great  encourage- 
ment to  the  owners  of  other  properties  in  its  vicinity, 
and  it  would  be  hard  to  convince  Mr.  Strickley  that 
all  his  wants  in  this  life  would  not  be  satisfied  by 
the  Montezuma. 

NORTHERN   LIGHT    AND    HOAGLEY    GROUPS. 

For  the  Northern  Light  group  a  mill  is  in  opera- 
tion. The  mine  has  lately  output  a  great  deal  of  ore, 
and  has  much  in  sight  developed  and  ready  for  extrac- 
tion. It  is  a  silver-lead  proposition.  The  same  company 
owns  the  Hoagley  group,  carrying  the  same  metals, 
but  the  ores  run  much  higher  in  silver.  Mr.  Geo.  E. 
McErlaine  in  managing  and  owns  a  large  interest  in 
both  these  properties. 


THE  numerous  gold  prospects  opened  up  in 
City  Creek  Canyon  and  on  Black  Mountain  during 
1896,  are  developing  finely. 


248  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 


The  Roberts  House  is  a  new  hostlery  at  Bing- 
ham,  and  is  modern  in  all  its  appointments.  It  was 
opened  July  1st,  1896,  and  is  managed  by  Mrs.  C. 
H.  Roberts,  wife  of  the  County  Commissioner,  who 
has  lived  in  Bingham  for  the  past  eight  years  for 
four  years  of  which  time  he  was  postmaster.  One 
feature  that  will  be  appreciated  by  guests  at  the 
hotel  is  the  water  piped  into  the  house  as  a  private 
undertaking  by  Mr.  Roberts,  it  having  been  piped 
two  hundred  yards  for  that  purpose  from  a  spring. 


Ipformatioi). 

Parties  seeking  information  regarding  Bingham 
and  its  mines  can  obtain  it  by  addressing  B.  B. 
Quinn,  Bingham  Canyon,  Utah.  He  is  recorder 
of  West  Mountain  mining  district,  and  perhaps 
more  liable  to  be  in  possession  of  the  data  desired 
than  any  other  individual.  He  will  give  attention 
to  all  communications  addressed  to  him. 


(^.  C.  Di<$nou/ity. 

The  first  published  report  on  the  Mercur  mines 
was  made  by  Mr.  C.  L.  Dignowity,  formerly  of  Texas, 
but  for  the  past  two  years  of  Salt  Lake  City.  After 
Mr.  Wolcott,  of  Denver,  who  prospected  the  Mer- 
cur with  a  diamond  drill,  Mr.  Dignowity  was  the 
first  to  utilize  the  drill  in  that  district  for  prospect- 


MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  249 


MR.  C.  L.  DIGNOWITT. 


250  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH  • 

ing  purposes,  he  having  now  at  work  on  the  Moon- 
shine claim,  between  the  Mercur  Mill  and  Fairfield 
Station,  a  prospecting  churn  drill  which  has  already 
gone  down  200  feet.  He  is  a  man  of  extended  and 
varied  mining  experience,  ranging  from  Old  Mexico 
through  all  the  Western  camps  and  his  early  detailed 
and  elaborate  report  on  Mercur,  with  diagrams 
showing  the  geological  formation  and  making  pre- 
dictions as  to  the  outcome,  betrayed  an  insight  into 
conditions  that  is  being  verified  daily. 

In  prospecting  with  the  drill  between  the  Mercur 
Mill  and  Fairfield,  and  now  down  a  depth  of  200 
feet,  Mr.  Dignowity  is  acting  on  his  own  investiga- 
tions and  is  confident  that  satisfactory  values  will 
be  obtained  there.  The  success  of  these  develop- 
ments will  open  a  vast  field  for  new  operations  and 
caynide  plants  at  a  point  by  very  many  now  deemed 
almost  worthless.  Representing  other  interests  with 
his  own,  Mr.  Dignowity  controls  the  Buddee  group, 
Mercur,  Black  Horse  group  in  the  Western  foothills, 
Golden  Eagle  and  Poverty  groups  between  Mercur 
and  Sunshine  and  adjoining  the  Hillside  and  the 
Burlington  and  Hawkeye  and  Moonshine.  These 
are  all  in  Camp  Floyd  district.  He  also  has  interests 
in  the  Beaver  Lake  District,  Beaver  County,  and  in 
properties  some  seven  miles  up  City  Creek  Canyon, 
and  is  inducing  a  great  deal  of  capital  to  this  state. 
His  opinion  is  that  Utah  is  wonderfully  endowed 
with  mineral  resources,  the  extent  of  which  few 
persons  at  this  day  dream. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  251 

Silver  <?oii}a$e. 

According  to  a  statement  issued  by  the  Treasury 
Department,  there  was  added  to  the  silver  coinage 
of  the  world  during  the  year  1895  $100,069,000, 
which  would  be  less  than  $1.50  per  capita  for  the 
United  States  alone.  The  recoinage  aggregated 
$13,603,200.  The  heaviest  coinage  was  by  Mexico, 
$24,832,350,  and  Japan  came  next,  with  $23,833,- 
500;  next  comes  China,  with  $8,233,340;  Spain, 
$7,969,000;  Great  Britain,  $5,821,151;  United 
States,  $5,698,000;  Austro-Hungary,  $5,299,000; 
Peru,  $4,073,000;  Russia,  $3,554,000;  Ecuador, 
$2,500,000;  Germany,  $1,826,000. 

The  world's  product  of  silver  for  the  year  1895 
is  estimated  at  $226,000,000,  and  it  will  therefore 
be  seen  that  if  the  silver  produced  by  the  whole 
world  should  come  to  the  United  States,  (which  tht 
gold  adherents  predict,  but  which  is  an  utter  impos- 
sibility), it  would  amount  to  but  $3  per  capita. 
The  amount  used  in  the  industrial  arts  was  $42,- 
000,000,  while  $37,500,000  was  used  by  the  East, 
leaving  but  $146,500,000  for  coinage  by  the  other 
nations  of  the  earth.  In  view  of  this  statement  it 
cannot  be  perceived  how  this  country  can  surfer 
from  a  "deluge  of  silver"  or  be  afflicted  by  an  over- 
abundance of  money. 

WEALTH    OF    THE    WORLD. 

Professor  Mulhall,  the  English  statistician, 
after  a  thorough  examination  of  the  matter,  esti- 
mates the  wealth  of  the  leading  civilized  countries 
of  the  world  as  follows: 


252  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH, 

United    States $64,120,000,000 

Great     Britain 47,000,000,000 

France    42,990,000,000 

Germany    31,185,000,000 

Russia 25,445,000,000 

Austria    19,275,000.000 

Italy     14,815,000,000 

Spain 12,580,000,000 

Australia     6,865,000,000 

Belgium 5,035,000,000 

Holland 4,900,000,000 

Canada    4,180,000,000 

Sweden   3,641 ,000,000 

Roumania 3,180,000,000 

Argentine 2,545,000,000 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  United  States  is  well 
in  the  lead  in  the  matter  of  its  aggregate  wealth, 
having  40  per  cent  more  than  Great  Britain. 

That  country,  however,  France,  Australia  and 
Holland  are  slightly  ahead  of  us  in  per  capita 
wealth.  While  Australia  is  the  richest  of  all  coun- 
tries in  the  matter  of  wealth  to  population,  Holland 
boasts  of  the  largest  'and  best  division  of  its  great 
wealth;  and  in  no  country  are  the  people  as  well 
off  as  there. 

In  the  matter  of  creation  of  new  wealth,  of  a 
capacity  for  production,  no  country  approaches  any- 
where near  the  United  States,  and  Mulhall  himself 
is  surprised  by  the  billions  of  dollars  of  products 
we  turn  out  annually  in  farm  and  rural  products, 
manufactures,  etc.  At  its  rate  of  increase,  under 
normal  conditions,  the  United  States  can  hope, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  253 

within  a  very  few  years,  to  equal  all  Europe  in 
wealth.  It  is  startling  and  almost  incomprehensi- 
ble to  see  a  country  as  rich  as  this,  and  capable  of 
such  development,  so  largely  stagnant  as  it  is  at 
present,  its  production  checked  and  its  values 
decreasing.  And  the  first  duty  of  the  people  is  to 
put  an  end  to  the  financial  conditions  which  have 
caused  such  injury  to  all  our  idustries. 


ffeu/  fire  Qlay  arjd  <?oal  Discoveries. 

There  have  been  recently  discovered  near  Pay- 
son,  Utah  County,  very  etensive  beds  of  fire  clay. 
The  deposit  is  considered  a  most  remarkable  one. 
The  vein  is  twenty-five  feet  thick,  and  still  widen- 
ing, while  tests  show  that  crucibles  made  of  it  will 
stand  2,200  degrees  of  heat  without  in  the  slightest 
being  phased.  The  best  Colorado  fire  clay  is  said 
to  yield  under  1,600  degrees  of  heat.  The  material 
is  putty  like,  and  has  to  be  sliced  off  like  cheese, 
all  other  methods  of  getting  it  out  so  far  tried  prov- 
ing inefficacious.  It  is  owned  by  Provo  and  Pay- 
son  parties,  who  are  steadily  at  work  on  what  they 
believe  to  be  a  great  find.  It  is  not  over  four  and 
a  half  miles  from  the  railroad. 

The  fire  clay  was  discovered  while  prospecting 
for  coal,  the  prospectors  uncovering  a  twelve-foot 
vein  of  bituminous  coal,  which  is  also  still  widen- 
ing, and  which  seems  to  be  in  place,  and  which  is 
undoubtedly  of  a  quality  to  give  it  an  immediate 
market  value. 


254     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


0 


DR.  C.  W.  HIGGINS. 


MINES.    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  255 

24  Years  in   Salt   Lake   City. 

Dr.  C.  WJhiiggins, 

MICROSCOPIC  and  ANALYTIC  PHYSICIAN. 

Most  Successful  Specialist  of  the  flge. 

Dr.  Higgins,  having  had  27  years'  experience,  and  being  a 
regular  specialist,  is  excelled  by  none. 

Ladies  who  are  suffering 

with  complaints  peculiar  to  their  sex  can  consult  the  Doctor, 
with  an  assurance  of  speedy  relief  and  permanent  cure,  with- 
out being  subjected  to  the  embarrassing  procedure  of  an  exam- 
ination, which  in  most  cases  is  unnecessary. 

Young  men,  if  you  are  troubled  with 

night  emissions,  exhausting  drains,  pimples,  bashfulness, 
aversion  to  society,  stupidness,  despondency,  loss  of  energy, 
ambition  and  self  confidence,  which  deprive  you  of  your  man- 
hood and  absolutely  unfit  you  for  study,  business  or  marriage, 
you  should  take  treatment  from  this  noted  specialist  before  it 
is  too  late. 

Middle  aged  and  old  men, 

there  are  thousands  of  you  troubled  with  weak,  aching  backs 
and  kidneys,  frequent  painful  urinations  and  sediment  in  urine, 
impotency  or  weakness  of  sexual  organs,  and  other  unmis- 
takeable  signs  of  nervous  debility  and  premature  decay.  Many 
die  of  this  difficulty,  ignorant  of  the  cause,  which  is  the  second 
stage  of  seminal  weakness.  The  most  obstinate  cast's  of  this 
character  treated  with  unfailing  success. 

Private 

DiseaseH— Gleet,  Gonnorrhea,  Inflamations,  Discharges,  Stric- 
tures, Weakness  of  Organs,  Syphilis,  Hydrocele,  Varicocele  and 
kindred  troubles  quickly  cured  without  pain  or  detention  from 
business,  and  will  foifeit  $500  for  any  case  taken  under  his 
treatment  which  he  fails  to  cure. 

All  classes  of  FITS  CURED.    TAPEWORMS  REMOVED  WITH 
HEAD  OR  NO  PAY. 


OFFICE  HOURS :   1 0  to  3 :30  and  7  to  8  p.  in. 

St.  Elmo  Hotel  Parlors,     •       •       •     Salt  Lake  City, 


256      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Davis  Qoui>ty. 

While  there  are  no  developed  mines  in  Davis 
County,  the  range  bounding  it  on  the  east  is  being 
periodically  prospected  with  a  promise  of  results 
destined  to  be  ultimately  substantial.  Gold,  silver 
and  lead  assays— gold  and  silver  especially — have 
been  obtained  from  claims  east  of  Farmington  and 
Bountiful,  and  near  the  line  dividing  Davis  from 
Morgan  County,  ores  of  the  same  character  as  those 
shown  by  assay  to  exist  in  the  Hardscrabble  section 
of  the  Jast  named  county — gold,  silver,  nickel, 
cobalt,  etc. — have  been  found.  Work  in  a  desul- 
tory way  has  been  done.  No  developments  giving 
reliable  data  on  which  to  base  opinon  have  yet 
been  made. 


The  Roberts  House, 

Bingham. 

OPENED    JUI-V    1.    1SQ6. 

First  Glass  flGGommodation,  •* 
<*  Everything  New  and  Modern. 

In  the  Heart  of  the  Great  Camp. 


MINES,  MINERS,  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      257 

U/astyipgtoi}  Qoupty. 

Washington  County,  Utah,  the  extreme  southern 
developed  territory  of  the  State,  now  lies  dormant 
awaiting  the  advent  of  a  railroad  to  get  her  vast  ore 
deposits  to  market.  Almost  every  product  known  to 
minerology  has  been  found.  The  county  records 
show  that  quite  five  hundred  locations  have  been 
recorded.  There  are  millions  in  the  ores  lying  in 
the  white  sandstone  of  the  Silver  Reef  in  the  Har- 
risburg  district,  and  such  noted  valuable  mines  as 
the  Old  Buckeye,  Last  Chance,  Thompson,  Barbee, 
and  Walker,  Tecumseh,  California  and  others  equally 
as  good,  are  mostly  idle  on  account  of  no  transporta- 
tion facilities. 

The  Bull  Valley  district  contains  vast  bodies 
of  low-grade  ore — gold,  silver,  lead,  iron  and  cop- 
per— and  would  be  one  of  the  very  largest  mining 
districts  in  the  west  had  it  railroad  facilities. 

Tutsegavit  district  lies  eighteen  miles  from  St. 
George,  and  is  largely  prospected.  Two  of  the  best 
properties,  The  Apex  and  Morning  Star,  of  a  group 
of  twelve  operated  by  the  Dixie  Mining  and  Smelt- 
ing Company,  has  200,000  tons  of  ore  in  sight  that 
will  easily  average  $10  net  according  to  an  expert 
report. 

A  mile  west  of  the  Dixie  group,  on  the  same 
chain,  is  the  Mammoth,  the  Mountain  Chief,  and 
Black  Warrior,  all  rich  in  silver  and  carbonate 
of  lead. 

The  Grant  Gulch  Company  have  ceased  opera- 
tions in  the  Bentley  district,  forty-five  miles  from 


258     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

St.  George.  It  is  an  immense  copper  proposition, 
but  the  haul  by  wagon  is  too  great  for  successful 
and  profitable  working.  The  outcropping,  which 
has  proven  a  300  ton  test  of  90  per  cent,  copper,  is 
100  feet  by  639  in  area.  A  shaft  100  feet  deep 
showed  copper  all  the  way  that  ran  45  per  cent,  and 
carried  25  ounces  in  silver.  There  is  plenty  of  this 
kind  and  grade  of  ore  all  through  this  district  that 
would  pay  to  haul  fifty  miles  to  market,  but  not 
several  hundred  as  is  now  necessary. 

Within  from  ten  to  twenty  miles  from  St. 
George  there  are  some  of  the  largest  gypsum 
deposits  known,  extending  for  miles  and  as  wide  as 
fifty  feet,  solid  and  clear,  and  can  be  used  for 
alabaster. 

Twenty  miles  from  St.  George  is  an  iron  ledge 
twenty  feet  thick  that  is  miles  upon  miles  in  extent. 
Near  by  are  antimony  ledges  of  immense  quantity 
and  of  excellent  quality. 

When  it  is  understood  that  Milford,  the 
.nearest  railroad  station  to  St.  George,  is  115  miles 
distant,  the  enormous  freight  charges  on  ore  by 
wagon  haul  will  be  readily  understood.  However, 
the  Dixie  Company  have  shipped  almost  2,000,000 
pounds  of  copper  bullion,  matte  and  ore  via  Mil- 
ford,  which  was  treated  with  coke  from  Crested 
Butte,  Colorado,  and  made  a  profit. 

As  now  in  progress  it  is  but  reasonable  to 
presume  that  a  railroad  will  be  built  through  this 
district  within  a  year. 


Graphite  was  first  discovered  in  Utah    in  1879. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     259 


All  the  ranges  in  this  county  are  known  to 
contain  minerals;  indeed,  they  have  been  coal  pro- 
ducers for  many  years,  for  some  time  before  the 
mining  for  other  mineral  resources  obtained  a  prac- 
tical footing  in  Utah.  But  it  has  gradually  become 
a  realization  that  the  county  is  not  confined  to  this 
article,  nor  yet  to  grain  growing  or  stock  raising 
(in  either  of  which  it  is  quite  prolific)  for  its 
wealth.  Prospecting  in  a  desultory  way  has  been 
going  on  for  a  long  time,  and  many  locations  have 
been  made.  Although  the  record  of  shipments  is 
not  voluminous,  it  is  still  a  fact  that  there  are 
good  properties  there,  especially  in  the  West  Moun- 
tains, where  considerable  work  has  been  done  in 
places.  In  these  is  situated  the  only  incorporated 
mine  in  the  county,  with  the  possible  exception  of 
some  few  coal  mines.  This  is  the  Alexander,  lying 
directly  west  of  Ephraim  and  about  seven  miles 
therefrom.  On  this  a  shaft  has  been  sunk  eighty 
feet  and  a  tunnel  driven  in  one  hundred  and  ten 
feet,  this  being  now  about  thirty  feet  from  the  ore 
body.  The  country  formation  abounds  in  boulders 
and  stringers,  some  of  which  have  assayed  remark- 
ably high,  one  sample  showing  913  ounces  silver 
and  a  trace  of  gold.  It  is  principally  silver  and 
lead,  however.  Gold  and  other  rich  float  can  be 
found  almost  anywhere,  and  with  intelligent  and 
capitalized  prospecting  could  in  many  cases  be 
traced  to  its  native  bed. 


260  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

Summit  QDUpty — parl(  (jty  (TVpity?  District 

Park  City  is  one  of  the  largest  and  one  of  the 
richest  mining  districts  in  the  State  of  Utah.  The 
city  of  Park  City  has  6,500  population,  and  is  in 
every  way  a  modern  small  city,  the  commerce  of 
which  is  kept  even,  energetic  and  prosperous  by  a 
pay  roll  amounting  to  about  $175,000  per  month. 

The  Ontario  mine,  the  largest  in  the  district, 
was  discovered  in  1872,  and  after  being  unskillfully 
worked,  was  about  to  be  abandoned  when  Patrick 
Kerwin  and  R.  C.  Chambers  proceeded  with 
systematic  development  and  made  its  wondrous 
values  known.  It  then  passed  into  the  hands  of 
Hearst  and  Haggin,  of  California,  and  Senator 
Chambers  of  Utah.  The  most  modern  and  im- 
proved mine  and  mill  machinery  is  employed 
throughout,  and  there  are  miles  upon  miles  of 
tunnels,  and  drifts,  and  cross-cuts,  exploration 
shafts  down  1,500  feet,  and  a  huge  drain  tun- 
nel three  miles  long  that  cost  a  fortune  to  drive 
through  the  mountain.  The  history  of  this  property 
has  been  one  of  phenomenal  progress,  owing  to 
the  thorough  understanding  the  management  has  of 
the  ore  deposits,  the  veins  and  the  systematic  way 
of  working  them. 

The  Daly,  which  is  one  of  the  group  owned 
and  operated  by  the  Daly  Company,  is  also  a 
rich  mine,  and  has  paid  nearly  $3,000,000  in 
dividends.  Its  systematic  development  was  begun 
under  the  careful  guidance  of  John  J.  Daly,  after 
whom  it  is  named.  The  output  has  reached  about 
$14,300,000,  and  the  late  process  of  treatment  of 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  261 


262     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

the  ores  makes  the  percentage    of    extraction    much 
higher  than  before. 

THE    DALY-WEST. 

The  Daly-West  is  managed  by  Hon.  John  J. 
Daly  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and  is  known  to  be  one  of 
the  greatest  mines  in  the  big  camp.  It  has  just  been 
equipped  with  a  complete  plant  of  the  most  modern 
machinery  for  its  more  successful  operation,  and 
the  immediate  future  promises  enormous  returns. 
The  most  conservative  experts  claim  for  it  an  equal 
footing  with  the  great  Ontario,  or  the  Silver  King, 
the  latter  said  to  be  of  one  the  richest  silver  mines  in 
the  world.  Mr.  Daly  began  development  work  on  it 
five  years  ago,  and  for  the  past  two  years  it  has 
been  a  paying  producer.  The  ore  bodies  have 
been  extensively  exploited,  opened  up  and  proven 
to  be  of  great  magnitude  and  richness,  and  estab- 
lishing a  longevity  that  wilL  outlive  the  owner. 

MESSRS.     KEITH    AND    KEARNS. 

The  Anchor,  Crescent  and  \\oodside  are  three 
famous  properties  operated  by  Hon.  E.  P.  Ferry. 
The  Crescent  has  been  a  great  producer  and  has 
paid  two  handsome  dividends.  The  Woodside  has 
output  at  least  six  comfortable  fortunes,  and  after 
a  season's  shut  down,  is  now  again  successfully 
operated  by  Hon.  Thomas  Kearns.  Hon.  David 
Keith  is  operating  the  Anchor,  and  with  the  new 
improved  machinery  will  make  it  one  of  the  mon- 
archs  of  the  camp,  as  -will  also  be  the  Alliance. 

The  Silver  King  is  said  to  be  the  very  richest 
silver  mine  in  the  world.  Notwithstanding  the 


MINES,    MINEPS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  263 


HON,  THOU  AS  YEARNS,  OF  THE    SILVER  KING, 


264     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

governmental  action  on  silver,  it  has  the  proud  dis- 
tinction of  having  paid  over  $637,500  in  dividends 
in  a  little  over  four  years.  Hon.  Thomas  Kearns 
is  superintendent  and  manager  of  this  great  pot  of 
the  white  metal,  as  also  the  Mayflower,  a  twin  with 
the  Silver  King. 

OTHER    GOOD   MINES. 

The  Lucky  Bill,  Glencoe,  Jupiter,  Alliance,  Corn- 
stock,  Morgan  and  Creole  are  all  good  mines  with 
splendid  records.  New  mining  plants  and  mills  have 
just  been  constructed  for  all  of  these  at  an  expenditure 
of  hundreds  of  thousnds  of  dollars,  and  they  will 
materially  add  to  labor  list  and  output  in  the  future. 
The  Morgan  is  especially  producing  a  high  grade 
of  ore,  and  when  its  great  shaft  is  complete  it  will 
vie  with  the  Daly  and  Daly-West  as  a  divi- 
dend payer. 

IN    FUTURO. 

With  Park  City,  as  with  all  the  mining  camps 
of  Utah,  the  past  is  insignificant  and  inconsequen- 
tial compared  with  the  future  The  ore  bodies  at 
best  have  been  but  barely  scratched  and  gophered. 
It  is  known  that  the  rich  ore  bodies  reach  unknown 
depths,  the  deepest  mining  failing  to  find  the  bot- 
tom, and  the  ore  grows  constantly  richer  as  depth 
is  attained.  New  ^  eins  are  being  constantly  dis 
covered,  and  new  mills  for  the  treatment  of  low 
grade  ores  are  being  built  as  fast  as  workmen  can 
put  the  structures  together,  which  means  a  tidal 
wave  of  prosperity  in  which  hundreds  and  thou- 
sands now  idle  will  join,  stimulating  all  branches  of 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     265 

industry,and  spreading  unparalleled  activity  through- 
out the  entire  country. 

THE   CREOLE. 

The  Creole  mine  lies  on  Treasure  Hill,  west  of 
Park  City,  and  is  one  of  the  most  promising 
properties  in  the  district.  At  the  present  time  the 
vast  ore  bodies  are  being  developed  to  start  regular 
and  extensive  shipment  by  the  time  winter  sets  in. 
A  shaft  is  down  170  feet,  and  1,500  feet  of  drifts 
have  been  run.  The  company  was  incorporated  in 
January,  1895,  for  $150,000,  shares  $10  and  $50,000 
treasury  stock.  David  Condon  is  president,  E.  W. 
Berry  vice-president,  and  the  balance  of  the  direc- 
tory consists  of  B.  F.  Condon,  Elizabeth  Condon, 
A.  L.  Thomas,  and  John  Condon. 

THE    VALEO. 

The  Valeo  Company  has  made  one  of  the  best 
strikes  of  the  year  in  its  property  in  Dutch  Can- 
yon, in  the  Blue  Ledge  district.  The  company 
was  incorporated  in  August  for  $200,000,  one  dollar 
per  share,  with  $50,000  treasury  stock.  John  E. 
Johnson  president,  George  Urban  vice-president, 
John  W.  Geiger  treasurer,  and  J.  M.  Lockhart 
secretary.  The  other  directors  are  John  Oleson,  A. 
L.  Dahlgreen,  S.  B.  Howell,  and  John  Paradise. 
The  body  of  ore  in  the  Valeo  is  large  and  very 
rich,  and  the  property  will  be  a  valuable  one.  No 
stock  is  for  sale  at  any  price. 


MINES,    MINERS   ANt>   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


HON.  DAVID   KEITH  OF  THE  SILVER   KING  AND  ANCHOR  MINES. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  267 

•THE      COMSTOCK. 

The  Comstock  Mining  Company  is  one  of  the 
very  staunchest  portions  of  the  Park  City  district 
vertebrae.  To  the  staying  qualities  of  Mr.  Morris 
Dusseldorf  is  due  the  ultimate  success  that  seems 
speedily  to  await  the  shareholders  in  this  company. 
The  'four  full  claims  comprising  the  Comstock 
ground  lie  contiguous  to  the  Silver  King,  Apex, 
Crescent  and  Alliance,  and  cover  an  area  of 
400x3,000  feet.  There  is  a  200  foot  shaft  and  4,000 
feet  of  tunnels  and  drifts.  Ten  men  are  now  em- 
ployed in  running  a  tunnel  1,343  feet  to  get  com- 
pletely under  the  ore  body,  which  has  been  worked 
quite  extensively  on  the  dip,  and  at  a  depth  of  only 
180  feet  the  vein  is  40  feet  between  the  walls,  and 
the  vast  body  of  ore  shows  returns  of  from  35  to  60 
per  cent  lead,  and  from  20  to  60  ounces  in  silver. 
The  richest  part  of  this  vein  carries  $10.  in  gold, 
and  the  balance  averages  about  $1  in  gold. 

The  present  tunnel  development  will  strike  the 
vein  at  a  depth  of  about  600  feet  from  the  surface, 
and  with  the  upraise  for  output  will  give  an  area 
of  stoping  ground  of  fully  500  feet  across  the  entire 
vein.  The  ore  thus  far  taken  out  of  the  chute, 
which  is  300  feet  in  extent,  has  been  of  uniform 
grade  as  given  above,  and  thus  far  there  has  been 
no  cross-cutting  and  sinking  only  reached  50  feet, 
when  too  much  water  stopped  the  work.  As  the 
work  is  now  being  pushed,  the  mine  is  nicely 
drained  by  the  present  tunnel,  and  another  drain 
can  be  made  into  the  Alliance  tunnel,  which  will 
strike  the  Comstock  at  a  depth  of  2,000  feet.  This 


268  MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  269 

: 

drain  tunnel  is  now  under  the  Crescent,  with  only 
1,400  feet  to  go  to  be  under  the  Comstock,  which 
will  drain  the  Comstock  mine  to  a  depth  of  2,000 
feet.  A  fair  estimate  of  the  value  of  this  property 
can  be  given  in  the  assertion  that  it  is  bound  to  be 
one  of  the  greatest  producers  in  the  Park  City  Dis- 
trict. The  surface  improvements  consist  of  tunnel 
houses,  boarding  houses,  stables,  etc.  A  hoisting 
plant  or  any  heavy  machinery  will  never  be  needed, 
as  the  ore  will  all  come  to  the  surface  by  gravity. 
The  main  working  tunnel  will  be  completed  within 
30  days,  by  the  three  shifts  of  men  now  at  work. 
A.  Hanauer,  Jr.,  is  president  of  the  Comstock 
Company;  M.  Bamberger,  vice-president;  J.  M. 
Cohen,  secretary;  M.  Dusseldorf,  general  manager; 
and  M.  S.  Hanauer,  C.  B.  Marklaod,  and  William 
Kahn,  along  with  the  others,  are  directors. 

THE  LUCKY  BILL. 

The  Lucky  Bill  group  of  four  claims,  consist- 
ing of  the  Safeguard,  Lucky  Bill,  Home  Station  and 
Cl»ft,  lie  partly  in  Uintah  and  partly  in  Snake 
Creek  districts.  The  main  shaft,  1,000  feet  deep,  is 
sunk  on  the  Home  Station  claim.  The  ledge  is 
fifteen  feet  wide,  which  contains  a  vein  two  and  a 
half  feet  of  an  even  grade  of  good  ore.  There  are 
at  present  some  300  feet  of  drifts,  and  the  present 
workings  are  on  what  seems  indisputably  an  extension 
of  the  rich  Daly-West  vein.  At  one  point  this  vein 
is  opened  up  90  feet  from  the  tunnel,  and  at  another 
point  the  vein  is  opened  over  the  present  workings. 
At  300  feet  another  drift  is  being  run  toward  the 
Ontario  ore  body,  and  another  drift  is  to  the  south 


270  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

to  tap  still  another  great  ore  zone.  All  this  ground 
is  drained  by  the  great  Ontario  tunnel,  which  makes 
all  the  workings  of  the  most  advantageous  character. 
Within  four  months  this  company  will  be  one  of  the 
big  shippers  of  the  camp. 

Jos-ph  Hatch  is  president;  J.  H.  Moyle,  vice- 
president;  G.  A.  Gibbs,  secretary  and  treasurer. 
These  gentlemen,  with  R.  T.  Kimball,  R.  B.  Burns, 
E.  L.  Sheets  and  W.  J.  Burton  constitute  the  board 
of  directors. 


\2  West  2nd  South  Street*  ^ 


/HTNTNS  BROKER, 


If* 


General  Stocks 


IReferences:    &    <£    & 

Commercial  National  Bank 
Deseret  National  Bank 
McCornick  &  Co*  Bankers 
Walker  Bros*  Bankers 
{Jelepbone  Bo.  107.    «*    &   <*    <£ 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  271 

fl?<?  Ontario  ar;d  Daly  /T\ii?es. 

While  these  mines  are  recognized  as  under 
different  corporations,  they  have  but  one  manage- 
ment, and  ars  practically  owned  by  the  same  stock- 
holders. They  are  recognized  as  the  greatest  mines 
in  the  state,  taken  as  a  whole.  The  Ontario  is  one 
of  the  most  remarkable  properties  of  modern  times, 
and  to  date  has  declared  $13,265,000  in  dividends. 
It  has  sunk  to  a  depth  of  1,500  feet.  It  has  two 
drain  tunnels,  one  completed  several  years  ago, 
over  6,000  feet  in  length,  and  which  drained  all 
the  water  above  the  six  hundred  foot  level. 

The  other,  completed  within  a  year  and  still 
being  extended  so  as  to  drain  all  the  properties  of 
the  companies,  affords  a  gravity  outlet  for  all  the 
waters  from  the  mine  above  the  1,500  level.  This 
tunnef  is  three  miles  in  length,  and  cost  over  $500,- 
000  to  date.  As  a  matter  of  fact,  this  latter  tunnel 
drains  all  the  country  above  it,  and  this  includes 
not  only  the  Daly,  but  other  extensive  groups.  The 
shafts  and  tunnels  and  levels  and  stopes  of  the 
Ontario,  together  with  those  in  the  Daly,  give  nearly 
one  hundred  miles  of  underground  workings.  The 
dumps  of  waste  taken  out  of  the  bowels  of  the  earth 
in  the  pursuit  of  ore  veins  from  which  the  precious 
metals  are  obtained  are  really  mountains  in  them- 
selves, and  are  becoming  a  serious  problem  as  to 
their  disposal.  It  is  safe  to  say  that  directly  and 
indirectly  not  less  than  2,500  men  depend  upon 
these  mines  for  their  livelihood. 

On  July  19,  1872,  the  Ontario  mine  was  dis- 
covered by  a  man  named  Herman  Dudden.  Together 


272  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

with  his  partners  he  did  considerable  work  on  the 
property,  and  a  short  time  later  they  were  offered 
by  R.  C.  Chambers  $30,000  for  the  claim.  They 
accepted  the  offer,  and  the  mine  then  passed  into 
the  possession  of  Messrs.  Haggin,  Tevis  and 
Hearst.  For  two  years  there  was  a  steady  and 
heavy  outlay.  Something  like  $200,000  was  expended 
in  the  development  of  the  property,  and  the  returns 
from  the  sale  of  the  ore  extracted  did  not  reach 
$40,000.  In  January,  1874,  a  stock  company  was 
formed.  In  1876  the  company  was  reorganized,  this 
time  with  a  capital  stock  of  $10,000,000,  divided 
into  100,000  shares  of  the  par  value  of  $100  each, 
and  still  later  the  capital  stock  was  increased 
to  $15,000,000,  divided  into  150,000  shares.  At 
a  cost  of  $250,000  a  forty  stamp  dry  crushing 
mill  had  been  built  by  January,  1877.  In  October, 
1878,  a  fire  destroyed  the  works  and  the  shaft  and 
the  expensive  machinery  at  the  mine.  The  direct 
and  consequential  damage  caused  by  the  mine 
being  flooded  involved  a  loss  of  fully  $200,000. 
The  first  dividend  of  50  cents  per  share  was 
paid  in  April,  1877.  This  was  nearly  five 
years  after  its  discovery.  Meanwhile  there  had 
beeri  expended  in  development  and  the  erection  of 
works  and  the  purchase  of  machinery  not  less  than 
$1,500,000,  while  the  sale  of  ore  had  realized  not  to 
exceed  $1,000,000,  leaving  a  loss  to  that  time  of 
$500,000.  Then  began  a  series  of  dividends  which 
to  date  have  reached  the  magnificent  sum  already 
stated — $13,265,000.  During  this  time  also  vast  sums 
were  expended  in  improvements  rendered  necessary 
by  the  presence  of  water,  and  something  like 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  273 


274     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

$1,000,000  was  paid  out  in  the  purchase  of  addi- 
tional ground.  The  total  expenditure  for  surface 
improvements  and  for  the  handling  of  the  water  is 
close  to  if  not  fully  $3,000,000.  The  ore  runs  from 
$20  to  $50,  and  in  streaks  higher,  per  ton.  The 
mine  has  yielded  a  gross  product  of  over  $30,000,- 
000,  and  is  still  good  for  rifty  years  of  production, 
provided  the  price  of  silver  is  maintained  at  a  point 
where  its  mining  will  insure  a  profit.  This  is  the 
record  of  the  Ontario  alone.  Were  the  figures  of 
the  Daly  added  to  these  the  sums  would  be  greatly 
increased. 

When  in  1893  the  purchasing  clause  of  the 
silver  act  was  repealed  and  silver  fell  with  terrific 
rapidity,  these  great  mines  with  others,  were  com- 
pelled to  cease  the  payment  of  dividends,  and  they 
were  only  resumed  eight  months  ago,  and  have  been 
nothing  like  so  large  since  that  time.  Because  of 
the  water  it  was  impossible  to  close  the  mines 
down,  and  there  followed  as  a  result  of  the  falling 
price  of  silver  a  reduction  of  wages  to  the  miners, 
and  a  cessation  of  dividends. 

Since  the  date  of  its  purchase  it  has  known 
but  one  management  and  but  one  superintendent. 
All  the  stupendous  works  undertaken  and  completed 
on  the  Ontario  and  Daly,  have  been  executed 
under  the  direction  of  the  man  who  purchased  it  in 
1872 — Hon.  R.  C.  Chambers,  whose  identity  with 
the  mining  interests  of  Utah  is  greater  than  that 
of  any  other  man. 

Two  mills,  the  Ontario  with  40  and  the  Marsae 
with  30  stamps,  are  kept  running  steadily  to  handle 
the  ores  of  the  Ontario  and  Daly  mines.  At  this  date 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  275 


276     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

there  are  close  on  350  men  employed  in  the  Ontario 
mine,  and  in  the  Daly  225.  The  mills  employ 
close  on  200  more.  A  coal  mine  is  operated  which 
supplies  the  bulk  of  its  coal  to  these  mines,  while 
the  teams  and  men  employed  in  hauling  the  coal, 
ores,  timbers,  etc.,  to  and  from  the  mines,  consti- 
tute s.ill  another  large  force.  To  secure  a  pure 
supply  for  steam,  mill  and  other  surface  needs, 
the  mines  have  an  individual  water  system,  the 
water  being  piped  from  lakes  high  up  in  the  moun- 
tains miles  away,  while  the  great  stream  of  water 
that  runs  through  the  three-mile  tunnel  furnishes  a 
power  by  which  electricity  is  generated  to  light  the 
mines,  the  mills,  and  the  offices  of  the  company,  as 
well  as  to  supply  power  for  the  machine  shops,  saw 
mills,  etc. 

A  visit  to  these  properties  would  cause  a 
change  in  the  views  of  many  now  opposing  the 
rehabilitation  of  silver. 

The  reduction  processes  and  other  effects  of 
the  operations  of  these  two  great  mines  are  discussed 
herewith. 

THE   ONTAIRO   MILL 

The  milling,  smelting,  or  treatment  of  ores,  is 
now,  as  no  doubt  it  always  has  been,  the  greatest 
problem  in  metallurgical  science.  To  find  ore  and 
extract  it  from  the  earth  is  not  only  the  primary 
effort,  but  is  as  a  primer  to  an  encyclopedia  com- 
pared to  the  greater  science  of  getting  everything 
precious  out  of  metallic  ores  that  there  may  be  in 
them.  In  milling  by  dry  crushing  and  amalgamatipn 
no  institution  on  the  Pacific  Coast  equals  in^per- 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  277 

centage  of  saving  actual  values  of  ores  and  cost  of 
operation  of  plant,  the  Ontario  Mill  at  Park  City, 
under  the  management  of  Hon.  R.  C.  Chambers  and 
the  direct  supervision  of  Alexander  D.  Moffatt. 

The  secret  of  the  great  success  achieved  by  the 
Ontario  Mill  lies  first,  perhaps,  in  the  competency 
of  the  management,  which  has  for  twenty-two  years 
made  a  daily  study  of  the  science  of  extraction, 
and  run  the  mill  on  lines  giving  the  best  results  and 
cheapening  the  operating  expenses  wherever  pos- 
sible. To  this  method  may  be  ascribed  the  keeping 
of  this  mill  in  constant  operation,  even  during  the 
past  few  years  of  gold  standard  outrages.  The 
Ontario  ores  have  gradually  reduced  in  values,  until 
they  are  now  about  one-half  what  they  were  about 
five  years  ago,  but  they  have  reached  the  minimum 
at  least  for  years  to  come. 

The  ore  is  hajled  from  the  mines,  a  distance  of 
about  one  mile,  and  dumped  into  the  mill.  It  is 
then  fed  over  grislers  or  screens,  the  large  pieces  of 
ore  being  crushed  in  a  Gates  rock-breaker.  It  then 
passes  through  rotary  driers  to  the  battery  of  stamps, 
where  it  is  crushed  into  a  powder  fine  enough  to 
pass  through  screens  of  20  and  26  mesh.  At  this 
point  the  salt  is  introduced;  the  ore  and  salt  are  then 
conveyed  and  elevated  to  the  Stetefeldt  chloridizing 
furnace,  where  a  sample  is  taken  every  half  hour  to 
determine  the  actual  value  of  the  ore  and  the  per 
cent  of  salt  used.  The  ore  drops  down  through  the 
shaft  or  furnace  38  feet  from  where  it  is  drawn 
and  left  on  the  cooling  floor  for  from  twenty  to 
twenty-four  hours  before  taken  to  the  pans  for 
amalgamation.  Before  going  into  the  pans  another 


278     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 


MR.  ALEXANDER  D,  MOFFATT  OF  THE  ONTAIRO  MILL. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH.  279 

sample  of  the  ore  is  taken,  and  then  a  charge 
of  ore  of  3000  pounds  together  with  300  pounds 
uf  quicksilver,  is  introduced  into  each  pan  at 
160  degrees  Fahrenheit,  and  there  rapidly  stirred 
for  eight  hours,  when  the  pans  are  drawn  off  into 
the  settlers,  where  the  stirring  process  is  continued 
more  slowly  and  for  four  hours.  After  this  the 
silver  and  all  other  metals  extracted  have  been 
gathered  by  the  quicksilver,  which  is  drawn  from 
the  settlers  into  stationary  pots  and  dipped  into 
straining  bags  after  a  sample  has  been  taken  to 
determine  the  per  cent  of  extraction.  A  majority  of 
the  "quick"  strains  through  the  amalgam  sack  and 
is  ready  for  use  again,  while  the  balance  is  secured 
at  the  retort  where  the  bullion  is  melted  and  run 
into  bars  ready  to  be  shipped  to  the  refinery. 

Superintendent  Alexander  D.  Moffatt  has  long 
had  immediate  charge  of  the  Ontario  Mill,  and  has 
reduced  its  operations  to  a  fixed  science,  and  it  is 
justly  accredited  with  being  the  most  successful  mill 
on  the  Pacific  Coast. 

The  mill  workings  for  1895  show  the  average 
assay  value  of  the  ore  milled  was  45.48  ounces, 
average  assay  of  tailings  3.53,  average  per  cent  saved 
by  amalgamation  92.2.  Daily  average  net  tons  of  ore 
crushed  89^.  Total  time  loss  on  battery  of  forty 
stamps,  27  days  and  3  hours.  Percent  of  salt  used 


In  June,  1882,  Alexander  D.  Moftatt  accepted 
the  position  of  night  foreman  of  the  Ontario  Mill. 
From  August  1st  of  that  year  to  March  1,  1886J  he 
acted  as  foreman,  and  on  March  16  he  was  put  in 
charge  of  the  Marsac  mill,  and  remained  until  July 


280  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

15,  1886,  when  Mr.  Chambers  placed  him  in  charge 
of  the  Ontario  mill,  where  he  has  since  done  himself 
justly  proud  and  made  a  splendid  record. 


<?oloi>el    "pat"   Dopap. 

Colonel  "Pat"  Donan,  editor  of  the  Utahnian, 
and  one  of  the  most  widely  read  contributors  to 
journalism  of  modern  times,  was  born  in  Mississippi. 
His  father  was  a  Presbyterian  minister,  and  founded 
the  first  church  of  that  denomination  in  New  Orleans. 
He  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  service  as  a  private, 
In  January,  1868,  he  established  the  St.  Joseph  (Mo.) 
Vindicator,  a  vehement  champion  of  the  Southern 
people,  which  establishment  was  several  times 
mobbed  and  eventually  squelched  by  state  troops  in 
ihe  following  August.  He  next  was  editor  of  the 
Metropolitan  Record,  of  New  York,  and  in  1869  estab- 
lished the  Lexington  (Mo.)  Caucasian,  which  became 
the  most  notorious  and  vehement  of  all  Southern 
publications.  It  was  just  as  bitter  as  it  was  brilliant, 
and  most  widely  read.  He  was  the  originator  of  the 
"Possum  Policy,"  which  enfranchised  80,000  Confed- 
erates in  Missouri.  He  originated  the  "Greeley  Move- 
ment, "  which  secured  the  Greeley  and  Brown  nomina- 
tion at  Cincinnati  in  1872.  In  1876  he  conducted  five 
newspapers  in  North  Carolina  and  Virginia.  He  wrote 
the  famous  letter  to  President  Hayes  on  the  "South- 
ern Policy,"  which  was  adopted  but  never  lived  up 
to  bv  the  people  of  the  South,  much  to  the  disgust 
of  Colonel  Donan.  In  1877-8  he  conducted  a  paper 


MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  281 


COLONEL  'PAT"  DONAN  OF  THE  UTAHNIAN. 


282  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

in  Arkansas,  and  in  1879  he  renounced  the  South 
and  came  North  to  Dakota,  where  he  lived  for  two  or 
three  years.  He  had  rambled  over  most  of  the  globe 
before  coming  to  Utah.  His  best  contributions  to 
literature  have  world-wide  repute,  and  he  is  a  fam- 
ous orator.  He  is  a  much-traveled  man,  and  few 
men  can  claim  as  wide  personal  acquaintance  as  he. 
The  Utahnian  is  just  on  its  twelfth  number,  and  yet 
it  circulates  in  every  state  in  the  Union,  and  is  ex- 
tensively circulated  abroad. 


Jlines,  Stoeks  and  <*  a» 

Salt  Lake  City  Heal  Estate, 

CHOICE  FRUIT  AND  FARM  LANDS. 


Correspondence  solicited  for  fcetailefc 
information  regar&ing  prices,  etc,  of 
Cits,  3F arm  an&  /IDining  properties  an& 
tbe  manp  opportunites  for  profitable 
investments  in  IHtab,  «*  &  & 

W.  E.  HUBBARD, 

Immigration  Agent  U.  P.  R.  R. 

1  W.  2nd  South  Street,      •->      «      M      *,       salt  Iiake   City 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     283 

Have  You  Read  &  «g 

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Utah's  unlimited  Wealth  of  Mines,  Fertile  Lands  and 
Matchless  Climate,  and  the  scenic  and  beautiful 
features  of  the  Inter-mountain  West,  Illustrated, 
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284  MINES,    MINERS    AND    MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

Beaver 


In  the  southern  part  of  a  spur  of  mountains 
which  begins  north  of  Cove  Creek,  in  Millard 
County,  at  the  main  Wasatch  range,  and  runs  west 
of  south  and  adjacent  to  the  town  of  Minersville,  in 
Beaver  County,  is  the  once  and  again-to-be  pros- 
perous district  of  Lincoln.  Discoveries  of  a  mineral 
character  were  made  here  as  early  as  1859,  and  for 
many  years  the  settlers  kept  themselves  supplied 
with  lead  taken  from  the  earth  where  was  more 
recently  located  the  Rollins  mine,  now  and  for 
several  years  past  the  celebrated  Lincoln  mine.  As 
the  country  at  that  time  and  for  a  good  while  after 
was  literally  overrun  with  savage  men  and  wild 
beasts,  the  importance  of  such  a  resource  may  easily 
be  understood.  But  the  lead  was  tolerably  hard 
from  the  first,  and  by  degrees  became  harder,  for 
reasons  which  are  well  enough  known  now  but  may 
not  have  even  been  thought  of  by  the  settlers, 
though  if  it  had  been  otherwise,  it  would  probably 
have  made  no  practical  difference,  since  the  people 
in  these  remote  places  and  in  such  times  had  no 
scientific  apparatus  or  chemicals  with  which  to  make 
analyses,  and  no  means  of  mating  separation  of  the 
ores'  constituent  elements.  Of  course  this  condition 
could  not  last  long,  and  the  methods  and  appliances 
of  improved  mining  began  to  drift  in  the  early 
sixties. 

The  first  regular  location  made  in  Lincoln  dis- 
trict, together  with  its  own  formation,  occurred  in 
1862,  about  which  time  the  change  of  name  spoken 
of  took  place,  the  Rollins  being  recorded  as  the 


MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  285 

f 

Lincoln.  The  first  property  to  be  spread  upon  the 
records  of  the  district  was  a  location  made  by  E. 
W.  Thompson,  of  Beaver  City,  and  this  was  fol- 
lowed by  many  others,  until  now  there  are  a  hun- 
dred or  more.  From  1868  to  1873  a  goodly  town 
had  sprung  up  in  the  ravine  adjacent  to  the  Lincoln 
mine,  there  being  at  one  time  over  100  houses  and 
fully  500  people  in  the  camp.  Business  was  lively, 
ore  was  being  shipped  at  a  remarkable  rate  consider- 
ing the  lack  of  available  transportation,  and  all 
things  seemed  to  denote  permanent  prosperity.  All 
at  once  a  vein  of  water  was  encountered  in  the 
Lincoln,  and  the  resources  of  the  company  had  to 
be  turned  to  the  task  of  subduing  it.  The  most 
powerful  and  expensive  machinery  was  procured 
and  operated  for  some  time,  but  to  no  practical 
purpose,  and  eventually  the  work  was  abandoned. 
This  was  a  discouraging  blow  to  the  other 
operators  in  the  district,  and  to  make  the  rain  a 
regular  downpour  Congress  quietly  and  stealthily 
deprived  silver  of  its  regal  function  as  the  unit  of 
value,  and  one  after  another  the  mines  shut  down. 
Fur  some  years  only  assessment  work,  with  an 
occasional  desultory  prospect  job  was  done,  but 
lately  things  have  taken  a  more  favorable  turn. 
The  Lincoln,  like  nearly  all  the  great  mines  of  the 
country  at  one  time  or  another,  became  involved  in 
a  perplexing  network  of  legal  complications,  but 
has  recently  approached  if  not  achieved  extrication 
by  being  sold  by  order  of  the  District  Court,  the 
purchaser  being  Hon.  P.  T.  Farnsworth,  who  will 
put  the  property  to  the  fore  again.  He  also  owns 
the  Pioneer  Mine,  adjoining  the  Lincoln  on  the 


286  MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

% 

east,  on  which  he  has  placed  some  costly  machinery, 
and  when  he  gives  the  keynote  the  others  will 
surely  join  in  the  chorus  as  of  yore. 

W.  L.  Croff,  one  of  the  most  experienced  min- 
ing men  in  the  State,  has  a  tunnel  in  on  the  Rattler 
several  hundred  feet,  and  is  still  driving  it  through 
a  very  hard  formation.  It  is  a  splendid  property, 
specimens  of  ore  showing  free  gold  (everything  in 
the  district  shows  more  or  less  gold)  being  taken 
out  continually.  He  is  also  working  in  a  desultory 
way  on  the  Lane  Brothers  and  Golden  Gate,  the 
latter  a  recent  discovery,  and  altogether  is  setting 
an  example  worth}  of  emulation. 

The  great  Cave  Mine,  situated  in  a  more 
northerly  part  of  the  district,  has  not  suspended 
work  for  any  considerable  length  of  time  in  late 
years,  and  promises  ere  long  to  spring  a  surprise 
upon  the  country  that  will  be  altogether  agreeable. 

Hon.  Presley  Denny  has  recently  resumed  work 
on  the  December,  of  which  he  is  the  principal 
owner.  This  mine  is  located  on  an  immense  vein, 
further  south,  on  which  are  the  Creole  and  War 
Eagle.  Its  position  is  nearly  vertical,  and  has  true 
granite  walls.  A  double  incline  has  been  worked 
on  the  December,  following  the  trend  of  a  crooked 
chimney,  from  which  ore  running  from  30  to  3000 
ounces  of  silver  has  been  taken  in  great  abundance. 
There  are  also  two  shafts,  which  have  been  prolific 
producers;  and  a  tunnel,  in  which  work  has  lately 
been  resumed,  is  in  about  250  feet,  cutting  the 
north  wall  of  the  formation.  The  best  of  a  group 
of  samples  assayed  a  few  years  ago  by  W.  J. 
McVicker  gave  the  truly  grand  result  of  59  per  cent. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  287 

lead,  2041.66  ounces  of  silver  and  1.020  ozs.  gold,  the 
lowest  being  12  per  cent  lead,  13.12  ounces  silver, 
and  .291  ounces  gold.  The  December,  with  the 
work  which  is  now  promised,  is  likely  to  come  to 
the  fore  front  of  producers  without  much  delay; 
and  what  is  true  of  it  is  true  in  a  great  measure  of 
the  other  two  named. 

Other  properties  in  the  district,  with  more  or 
less  development,  are  the  Minnie,  Dunnerburg,  Yip 
Yap,  Home  Ticket,  Coral  Reef,  Richmond,  Lucky 
Boy,  Lane  Brothers,  Golden  Gate,  and  Hoodoo, 
besides  which  there  are  many  prospects,  and  all 
without  exception  show  abundance  of  ore  all  carry- 
ing more  or  less  gold,  lead,  and  sometimes  copper. 

THE   NEWTON    DISTRICT. 

The  Newton  is  a  new  district  in  Beaver 
County.  It  is  located  some  twelve  miles  northeast 
of  Beaver  City,  and  is  therefore  about  thirty  miles 
from  railroad  connection.  In  this  district  is  situated 
the  noted  Rob  Roy  group,  embracing  ten  claims,  the 
property  of  Hon.  P.  T.  Farnsworth,  manager  of  the 
Horn  Silver  in  Beaver  and  the  Austin  mines, 
Nevada.  In  the  same  district  is  the  Sheep  Rock, 
already  attracting  attention,  and  other  groups.  The 
Rob  Roy  has  a  contact  vein  between  trachite  and 
conglomerate;  averages  6  feet  in  width;  assays 
show  gold  running  from  $3  to  $10  to  the  ton; 
but  the  average  makes  it  a  low  grade,  and  the  dis- 
tance from  railroads  will  render  a  mill  indispensible 
to  the  successful  handling  of  its  ores.  By  what 
system  the  ores  can  best  be  treated  has  yet  to  be 
demonstrated.  Mr.  Farnsworth  has  a  shaft  over 


288     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

200  feet  deep,  with  drifts  at  the  bottom  running  120 
feet  in  different  directions  from  the  shaft,  as  well 
as  levels  above  the  200  foot  level  all  showing  the 
same  character  of  ore.  Similar  claims  are  in  the 
district,  some  east  and  further  up  the  canyon.  The 
Sheep  Rock  and  other  groups  are  about  a  mile  and 
a  half  east  of  these  properties,  and  while  the  forma- 
tion is  different,  assays  show  about  the  same  results 
in  gold.  The  district  is  a  gold  one. 

SAN   FRANCISCO    DISTRICT. 

In  San  Franciso  Mining  District  the  only  pro- 
perty operated  is  the  great  Horn  Silver,  referred  to  in 
detail  elsewhere.  It  is  in  this  district  also  that  the 
Rattler  and  Carbonate  mines  are  situated,  whose 
output  has  been  very  great.  They  were  and  prob- 
bly  still  are  the  property  of  Mr.  B.  Hampton  and 
H.  W.  Lawrence.  The  ore  was  taken  out  in  great 
quantities  and  was  very  rich,  but  gave  out,  as  little 
development  work  was  done.  It  is  believed  the 
mines  will  yet  prove  prolific  yielders  of  rich  ores 
Dnce  they  are  re-opened  and  developed. 

South  of  Minersville  and  in  other  parts  of  the 
county  are  many  locations,  but  no  work  of  moment 
is  at  this  date  being  prosecuted. 


I.  A.  Benton,  E.  B.  Zorlu,  C.  H.  Link  and  J. 
C.  Taylor  on  the  American  Mining  Company.  The 
property  is  at  the  head  of  Big  Cottonwood  Canyon, 
on  Scott  Hill.  A  tunnel  in  80  feet  has  disclosed 
extensive  and  rich  ore  bodies. 


MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  289 

The  Engineering   *£ 

Mining  Journal 


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290  MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

Silver. 


The  history  of  the  Horn  Silver  mine  presents 
a  fair  illustration  of  the  aid  rendered  by  mining 
developments  in  building  up  the  country  in  which 
mines  are  located.  When  this  great  mine  became 
recognized  as  a  permanent  producer  it  fell  into  the 
hands  of  Jay  Cooke,  of  Pennsylvania,  and  others, 
and  the  result  was  that  the  Utah  Southern  Railroad, 
at  that  time  running  no  farther  south  than  Juab  —  a 
little  over  100  miles  from  Salt  Lake  —  was  extended 
to  Frisco,  in  Beaver  County,  a  distance  of  about 
136  miles  further.  Had  it  not  been  for  this  mine, 
not  only  would  this  line  not  have  been  extended, 
but  it  could  hardly  have  run  but  for  the  tonnage 
from  this  great  property.  It  has  had  a  very 
extraordinary  career  —  almost  meteoric  to  begin 
with;  then  it  seemed  to  pass  under  a  partial 
eclipse:  then  carne  a  period  when  it  loomed  up 
again,  and  then  a  fire  destroyed  most  of  the  perish- 
able part  of  the  works,  and  finally  the  low  price  of 
silver  and  lead  have  combined  to  make  its  opera- 
tion far  less  profitable  than  it  would  have  been 
under  more  favorable  circumstances  ;yet  it  has  yielded 
$5,137,500  in  dividends,  and  is  today  recognized  as 
more  valuable  than  ever  before. 

It  has  a  concentrating  mill  with  a  200  ton 
capacity  daily.  The  crude  ore  runs  about  12  per 
cent  lead  and  8  oz.  silver  to  the  ton  —not  a  moun- 
tain of  silver  or  lead,  but  so  vast  that  it  has,  until 
recently,  enabled  its  fortunate  owners  to  realize  a 
substantial  dividend  each  quarter. 

In  1889   Hon.  P.    T.    Farnsworth    became    the 


MINES,    MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.  291 


HON.  P.  T.  FARNSWORTH  OF  THE  HORN  SILVER  MINE  IN  UTAH  AND 
THE  AUSTIN  MINE  IN  NEVADA. 


292  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

manager  of  the  property,  and  the  increase  in  the 
output  from  that  time  on  until  the  fire  swept  away 
all  that  could  be  burned  will  give  some  idea  of  the 
capacity  of  the  mine  under  energetic  management.  In 
1889  the  value  of  the  product  was  $280,465.42;  in  1890, 
$341,306.06;  1891,  $362,737.68;  1892,  $377,025.88; 
1893,  $491,429.89;  1894,  $136,604.53;  1895, 
$181,278.92.  During  the  last  named  year  the 
effects  of  the  fire  the  year  preceding  were  still 
apparent  in  the  decreased  production  compared 
with  former  years.  Then,  as  the  product  is 
measured  in  dollars  and  cents,  it  will  be  apparent 
that  the  fall  in  the  price  of  silver  and  lead  has  had 
much  to  do  with  the  showing,  though  the  tonnage 
might  be  even  greater. 

The  Horn  Silver  has  passed  through  many 
vicissitudes,  but  it  is  now  the  property  of  a  com- 
pany and  under  a  management  capable  of  making 
the  best  out  of  it.  Mr.  A.  C.  Washington,  of  New 
York  (who  is  also  associated  with  Mr.  Farnsworth 
in  the  great  group  of  mines  at  Austin,  Nevada, 
which  are  being  developed  under  Mr.  Farnsworth' s 
direction),  is  President  of  the  Horn  Silver. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  $10,000,000, 
divided  into  400,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $25 
each.  It  has  miles  upon  miles  of  underground 
workings,  and  is  accounted  one  of  the  greatest 
mines  of  the  state.  The  length  of  time  it  has  been 
yielding  indicates  its  permanence,  and  there  is  no 
sign  of  diminution  in  the  ore  bodies,  which  have 
already  yelded  such  immense  treasures. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     293 


property. 

BT  C.    L.    DIGNOWITT. 

During  a  late  visit  to  San  Francisco  mining 
district,  and  after  a  brief  inspection  of  the  famous 
Horn  Silver  mine  and  the  concentration  of  its  ores, 
I  took  in  the  great  Copper  gulch,  some  three  and  a 
half  miles  west  of  Frisco.  To  my  great  astonish- 
ment I  was  confronted  with  one  of  the  most  remark- 
ble  copper  propositions  upon  the  American  continent. 
To  put  it  mildly,  there  is  a  solid  bed  of  copper,  in 
its  various  forms  and  conditions,  one  quarter  of  a 
mile  wide  by  one  and  a  half  miles  long,  which  is 
visible  to  the  eye,  and  it  is  natural  to  suppose  that 
much  greater  values  are  stored  in  the  earthly  vaults 
below.  From  careful  selections  of  ores  from  the 
many  vein  shoots,  I  received  the  following  results: 

1st,  vein  75  feet  wide,  average  sample  went  copper 
7  per  cent;  iron  7  per  cent;  gold  #4,  and  silver 
$5.25  per  ton;  "sulphide  of  copper." 

2nd,  average  (width  of  vein  68  feet),  copper, 
30  per  cent;  iron  22  per  cent;  gold  $21;  silver  38 
ounces;  "sulphide  of  copper." 

3rd,  (vein  45  feet  wide),  copper  28  per  cent; 
iron,  20  per  cent;  gold  $8;  silver,  84  ounces.  This 
was  a  grey  copper  conglomerate  predominating,  with 
a  strong  mixture  of  sulphides,  especially  with  the 
iron. 

4th,  (vein  at*least  85  feet  wide,  and  above  the 
other  ledges  some  125  feet),  copper  6^  per  cent; 
iron,  7  per  cent;  gold,  $3;  silver,  16  ounces. 

The  major  portion  of  these  ores  could  be  con- 
centrated down  to  one-  third,  and  shipped*  to  Salt 
Lake  City  or  Denver,  and  kwould  yield  to  their 


294  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

owners  handsome  profits.  There  is  abundance  of 
good  spring  water,  and  plenty  of  cedar  and  spruce- 
pine  timber  near  by.  The  climate  is  dry  and  equi- 
able  all  the  year,  and  I  cannot  understand  why 
this  has  not  become  a  great  productive  camp  long 
since.  In  truth  it  has  been  sadly  neglected;  still  it 
has  its  time  to  rise  and  meet  others  that  have  be- 
come famous  producers.  I  understand  that  a  strong 
French  company,  with  ample  financial  backing, 
have  secured  some  claims  in  copper  gulch,  and 
have  let  a  contract  for  a  200-ton  capacity  mill  per 
day  concentrator,  which  is  costing  them  complete 
$60,000.  If  true,  it's  a  good  start  for  another 
"Anaconda,"  in  which  the  Rothschild  invested 
four  to  five  million  dollars  for  a  block  of  stock,  and 
which  sum  did  not  even  give  control.  This  shows 
the  value  of  copper  property.  With  the  new  elec- 
trical inventions,  and  the  completion  of  the  great  Salt 
Lake  Copper  Plant,  now  under  construction  and 
perfection,  Gopper  Gulch,  as  well  as  the  Montreal 
Copper  group,  at  Rocky,  ten  miles  east  of  Frisco, 
will  become  famous  for  their  valuable  outputs. 
These  copper  properties  are  owned  by  Salt  Lakers. 
Some  of  these  days  and  not  far  in  the  future, 
there  will  spring  into  new  life  and  activity  many 
valuable  mining  camps  in  the  vicinity  of  Frisco 
that  will  re-establish  its  golden  record.  New  strikes 
and  finds  in  Utah  have  caused  desertion  of  this 
section;  still  my  observations  of  the  various  mines 
and  mineralization  of  that  section  lead  me  to 
believe  that  it  will  become  a  renowned  and  famous 
mining  camp. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     295 

Sitytk  District. 

Tintic  is  one  of  the  earliest  mining  districts  in 
Utah.  It  covers  an  area  about  eight  miles  in 
length  by  two  miles  in  width,  and  is  separated  by 
distinctive  formations  into  what  may  be  called  the 
south  and  north  halves.  The  south  half  is  a 
porphery  area,  the  veins  ranging  from  two  to  ten 
feet  in  thickness,  and  are  very  rich  in  silver  and 
lead.  The  veins  run  north  and  south.  They  were 
worked  to  a  depth  of  150  to  300  feet  when  pyritic 
iron,  carrying  only  small  values  in  the  precious 
metals,  were  encountered.  The  general  supposition 
being  that  the  veins  had  failed,  work  was  suspended. 
In  1893  Mr.  Hatfield,  now  Mayor  of  Eureka,  re- 
located the  old  Swansea,  which  in  the  past  had 
yielded  $1,000,000,  and  began  sinking  a  shaft.  He 
worked  in  a  small  way  till  the  fall  of  1895,  when 
the  shalt  penetrated  the  iron  zone  and  disclosed  a 
very  rich  lode  of  silver  and  lead  ore.  Since  the 
extensive  developments  within  the  limits  of  this 
rich  lode  have  demonstrated  that  the  valuable  ores 
underlaid  the  iron  cap,  nearly  all  the  old  properties 
have  been  acquired  by  new  companies,  which  are 
now  sinking  on  the  old  shafts  to  greater  depths  or 
are  making  new  workings  from  the  surface.  No 
less  than  fifteen  of  these  old  claims  are  now  under 
process  of  vigorous  development.  Among  them 
may  be  mentioned  the  Swansea,  South  Swansea, 
Four  Aces,  Yankee  Girl,  Sunbeam,  Undine,  Shoe- 
bridge  bonanza,  Homestake,  Buckeye,  Treasure 
Box,  and  others.  All  these  are  located  in  the 
porphery  area  to  the  south,  and  in  the  vicinity  of 
Silver  City. 


296  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH. 

In  the  north  half  of  the  district  the  minerals 
occur  in  wide  belts  of  limestone,  ranging  in  width 
from  150  to  600  or  more  feet.  The  ore  bodies 
occur  in  the  form  of  great  lenticular  masses  of 
quartz,  carrying  gold,  silver,  lead  and  copper  as 
the  valuable  minerals,  while  in  places  the  ores  are 
rich  in  iron  and  manganese.  Copper  ores  occur, 
particularly  in  the  Eureka  Hill,  in  the  north  end  of 
the  district,  and  in  the  Mammoth,  Ajax,  Caresa, 
Red  Rose,  Boss  Tweed  and  North  Star  properties 
in  the  south  end  of  the  north  half  of  the  district. 
In  the  northern  portion  of  the  district,  around  the 
town  of  Eureka,  the  principal  values  are  in  gold  and 
silver,  the  silver  occurring  in  the  form  of  a  car- 
bonate near  the  surface  and  in  galena  at  greater 
depth;  the  exception  to  this  condition  being  found 
in  the  Eagle  mine,  which  has  produced  principally 
gold,  and  in  the  Centennial-Eureka  mine,  where 
gold  occurs  in  considerable  quantities,  representing, 
it  is  believed,  fully  one  half  of  the  value  of 
their  output. 

The  gold  bearing  rock,  as  a  rule,  occurs  in  the 
bedding  planes  of  the  lime,  forming  cross  country 
veins  within  the  mineralized  zone,  having  a  strike 
and  dip  coincident  with  the  bed  of  the  country.  The 
formation  is  pseudomorphic  after  the  lime.  Usually 
the  class  of  ore  mentioned  in  this  district  carries  by 
assay  from  one  to  several  hundred  ounces  of  gold, 
while  ore  shipments  show  the  gold  to  range  from 
2^  to  30  ounces  to  the  ton.  • 

This  class  of  ore  usually  carries  from  1  to  2 
ounces  of  silver  to  each  ounce  of  gold.  The  silver 
usually  occurs  in  veins  forming  in  more  or  less 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     297 


298  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

regular  north  and  south  lines,  with  a  general  dip  to 
the  west,  cutting  the  formation  of  the  country  at  an 
acute  angle  both  in  strike  and  dip. 

The  ore  occurs  in  distinctive  chutes,  usually 
connected  one  with  another  by  pipes  or  ore  chan- 
nels running  almost  any  direction  from  the  horizon- 
tal to  the  vertical.  From  such  an  ore  pipe  or 
chute  the  large  ore  output  from  the  Bullion-Beck 
mine  has  been  derived  during  the  past  two  years. 

Among  the  deepest  workings  in  the  district  are 
those  in  the  Mammoth  mine,  in  which  they  have  un- 
covered, in  the  past  year,  two  distinctive  ore  channels. 
One  of  these  is  about  thirty  feet  in  thickness,  carrying 
low  grade  siver-lead  ore  yielding  from  10  to  20 
ounces  of  silver,  with  a  trace  of  gold.  The  other 
ore  channel  is  some  fifty  feet  in  thickness,  carrying 
gold  quartz  almost  destitute  of  silver  or  lead,  vary- 
ing in  values  from  1  to  30  ounces  in  gold  to  the 
ton,  one  shipment  of  100  tons  netting  to  the  com- 
pany the  sum  of  $24,000. 

Even  the  deepest  workings  in  Tintic — in 
fact,  all  the  workings — are  absolutely  free  from 
water.  It  is  anticipated  that  it  will  be  at  least  600 
feet  below  the  present  deepest  workings — and  those 
in  the  Mammoth  are  now  1,500  feet  below  the 
surface — before  permanent  water  level  is  reached. 

Mines  in  this  district  have  been  continuously 
worked  during  the  past  twenty-seven  years,  and 
have  added  to  the  world's  supply  of  the  precious 
metals,  together  with  the  lead  and  copper  and  iron 
contained  in  the  ores,  many  millions  of  dollars. 

The  workings  in  the  various  mines  are  exten- 
sive, and  while  the  total  aggregate  of  development  is 


MIKES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  299 

not  obtainable,  it  is  believed  by  the  well-informed 
mining  men  of  the  district,  that  the  total  under- 
ground workings  in  the  mines  of  the  district  would 
not  fall  short  of  sixty  miles. 

A  peculiar  feature  of  the  district,  and  one 
conclusively  demonstrated  by  the  deepest  workings, 
is  that  the  gold  values  increase  with  depth.  It  is 
the  only  instance  ever  known  of  where  silver,  lead 
and  copper  veins  have  lost  the  basis  and  silver 
values  with  depth  and  increased  their  gold  values, 
the  gold  occurring  in  deposits  of  quartz  associated 
with  barita,  usually  known  as  heavy  spar.  While 
the  general  average  of  the  values  is  maintained 
with  depth,  the  gold  extracted,  as  compared  with 
the  gross  output,  is  constantly  increasing. 

Prior  to  1893  all  the  ores  extracted  in  the  dis- 
trict were  shipped  to  the  smelters  for  treatment. 
All  ores  not  possessing  sufficient  values  to  warrant 
their  transportation  were  accumulated  on  the  waste 
dumps.  As  there  was  in  the  district  no  water 
available  for  milling  purposes  it  was  impossible  to 
make  any  use  of  these  ores.  However,  during  the 
year  1893  the  Mammoth  Mining  Company  con- 
structed a  pipe  line  from  Cherry  Creek,  a  distance 
of  twenty  miles,  and  erected  a  magnificent  pumping 
plant,  with  a  capacity  of  600  gallons  per  minute. 
The  cost  of  this  enterprise  was  in  the  neighborhood 
of  $130,000.  During  the  same  year  the  construc- 
tion of  quartz  mills  was  inaugurated,  and  at  the 
present  time  there  are  operating  in  the  district  the 
following  mills:  Eureka  Hill,  100  stamps,  daily 
capacity  250  tons;  Mammoth,  60  stamps,  daily 
capacity  180  tons;  Farrell  mill,  20  stamps,  daily 


300     MINES,  MINERS,  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

capacity  60  tons;  while  the  Bullion-Beck  has  a 
roller  mill  and  concentrator  combined,  with  a  daily 
capacity  of  200  tons,  giving  in  all  a  capacity  for 
handling  690  tons  per  day.  In  addition  to  this 
there  are  shipped  from  the  district  an  average  of 
105  cars  of  first-class  ores  per  week,  or  about  2000 
tons  per  month.  The  tonnage  output  of  Tintic 
district  for  the  year  1895  approximated  30  per  cent, 
of  the  total  tonnage  of  the  state,  representing,  it 
is  estimated,  35  per  cent  to  40  per  cent,  of  the 
gross  value  of  the  output  of  metals  for  Utah. 

While  very  many  of  the  companies  are  close 
corporations,  and  it  is  therefore  impossible  to 
obtain  detailed  figures,  it  is  conservatively  esti- 
mated that  the  net  proceeds  from  the  operations  of 
the  mines  in  Tintic  for  the  vear  1895  was 
$2,300,000. 

The  population  of  the  district  is  steadily  in- 
creasing, and  it  is  safe  to  include  Tintic  today  in 
the  leading  mining  districts  of  the  Rockies.  The 
best  evidence  of  the  growing  prosperity  of  the 
district  will  be  found  in  the  railway  tonnage  which, 
since  1893,  has  increased  seven-fold. 

There  are  large  areas  of  undeveloped  territory 
embraced  within  the  mineral-bearing  zone  which 
can  be  acquired  by  purchase  at  moderate  figures, 
or  interests  in  which  may  be  had  for  development. 
It  will  not  be  strange  if  within  the  next  two  years 
large  additions  are  made  to  the  present  monthly 
output  of  ore,  as  there  are  several  development 
companies  at  work  penetrating  the  hills  in  different 
directions  by  deep  shafts,  tunnels  and  cross-cuts. 
That  the  mines  are  permanent  in  character  is  not 
only  evidenced  by  the  years  they  have  been  worked, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF    UTAH.  301 

but  by  the  heavy  investments  being' made  by  those 
most  familiar  with  the  district.  Mr.  J.  A.  Cunningham, 
one  of  the  principal  owners  of  the  Mammoth  mine,  has 
recently  completed,  at  his  own  expense,  a  standard 
gauge  railroad  connecting  the  Mammoth  mills  with 
the  mine  some  500  feet  higher  up  the  .mountain 
side.  It  is  about  two  and  a  half  miles  in  length,  and 
is  said  to  have  cost  about  $60,000.  This  littJe  line 
also  touches  the  Ajax  mine,  and  will  also  handle  the 
ores  from  the  Sioux  and  Utah  mines  on  the  other  side 
of  the  mountain  when  the  tunnel  now  being  driven 
in  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Geo.  H.  Robinson  is 
completed.  This  tunnel  will  be  some  4000  feet  in 
length,  and  will  serve  for  the  prospecting  of  a  vast 
area  of  mineral  bearing  territory  now  inaccessible 
because  of  the  steepness  of  the  mountain. 

As  this  book  goes  to  press  there  is  every 
reasonable  indication  that  the  Tintic  Mining  Dis- 
trict is  on  the  eve  of  an  unparalleled  era  of  pros- 
perity. The  recent  rich  discoveries  of  vast  ore 
bodies  beneath  the  pyrites  at  Silver  City  makes 
this  idea  more  than  plausible.  The  strikes  in  the 
Swansea,  South  Swansea,  Four  Aces  and  numerous 
other  properties  at  Silver  City  would  seem  to  pre- 
clude all  possible  doubt  as  to  the  future  of  this 
paticular  camp.  Along  about  the  first  of  July  there 
was  barely  a  half-dozen  men  in  the  camp,  and  the 
houses  that  had  held  the  population  off  and  on  for 
twenty-seven  years  were  vacated  and  mostly  in 
ruins.  Since  that  time,  by  sinking  below  the 
pyritic  strata,  strike  has  followed  strike  so  thick 
and  fast  that  now  the  place  is  filled  to  overflowing 
with  anxious  men  seeking  a  claim-footing  in  the 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

district.  Every  precaution  was  taken  by  the  few 
natives  to  keep  the  good  news  as  hushed  as  possi- 
ble, and  while  the  actual  conditions  are  not 
generally  known,  the  truth  has  been  sufficiently 
spread  to  make  Silver  City  one  of  the  livliest 
camps  in  the  state.  Every  sheltered  space  is 
occupied,  and  buildings  are  going  up  as  fast  as 
lumber  can  be  procured,  and  workmen  to  build 
them.  Many  are  sleeping  in  tents,  and  the  hotels 
use  tents  for  the  overflow  of  guests.  A  new  hotel 
known  as  the  Silver  Citv  will  be  completed  by 
September  1,  and  still  another  hotel  will  be  com- 
pleted before  snow  flies.  Several  saloon  buildings 
and  numerous  cabins  and  dwellings  are  in  course 
of  construction,  and  until  these  are  finished  many 
of  the  newcomers  can  only  firid  sleeping  accommo- 
dations at  Mammoth  and  Eureka. 

C.  H.  Blanchard,  the  present  recorder  of  the 
district,  has  been  continuously  in  office  for  seven- 
teen years,  and  has  filled  twenty-two  books  of 
record  of  claims  filed  in  that  time.  S.  B.  Moore 
was  the  first  recorder,  and  N.  P.  Lake  was  his 
deputy.  Then  A.  G.  Sutherland  followed,  and  was 
succeeded  by  Mr.  Blanchard.  in  July,  1879.  He 
has  claims  all  over  the  district,  which  have  long 
been  idle,  but  will  now  be  opened  up  and  fully 
developed. 

With  the  location  of  the  Sunbeam  lode  dates 
the  organization  of  the  Tintic  mining  district,  Decem- 
ber 13,  1869.  The  Black  Dragon  was  the  next  loca- 
tion, Jan.  3,  1870  and  then  came  the  Mammoth  Feb. 
26,  1870,  which  was  immediately  followed  by  num- 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  303 

erous  others.  In  the  Tintic  range  of  mountains, 
and  west  of  the  Goshen  Valley,  is  the  district 
which  is  ten  miles  east  and  west  and  fifteen  miles 
north  and  south,  or  to  be  more  explicit,  it  extends 
four  miles  north  of  Eureka,  seven  and  a  half  miles 
south  of  Silver  City,  three  miles  east  of  Homans- 
ville,  and  two  miles  west  of  Eureka,  which  consti- 
tute North  and  West  Tintic  mining  districts.  West 
Tintic  lies  beyond  Tintic  Valley,  west  of  Tintic 
district,  fifteen  miles  distant.  This  area  comprises 
350  square  miles  of  the  most  advantageous  mineral 
bearing  country.  The  general  formation  admits  of 
rapid  development  of  mines,  there  being  no  under- 
ground waterways,  and  but  little  timbering  is 
required.  The  ore  values  are  generally  high,  and 
are  cheaply  mined,  but  the  greatest  wealth  lies  in 
the  inexhaustible  bodies  of  low  grade  ore  which  can 
now  be  treated  at  small  expense.  The  average 
Tintic  ore  is  of  a  higher  grade  than  that  produced 
by  any  district  in  Utah.  Silver  and  gold,  copper 
and  lead  are  the  chief  products  of  ores  that  flux  easily 
and  are  very  desirable  for  smelting.  The  ore  zones 
lie  as  fissures  in  the  porphyry  in  the  South  half  of 
the  district,  and  in  a  series  of  veins  in  lime  in  the 
northern  half,  and  the  district  is  thus  divided  into 
two  parallel  ranges  connected  by  cross  spurs. 
Quartzite  extends  northward  from  Silver  Citj',  and 
eastward  it  comes  up  against  lime.  Between  these 
is  a  belt  of  slate  or  shale,  and  here  and  there 
through  the  belt  are  quartzite  dykes,  thrown  across 
into  the  main  lime  formation.  From  Mammoth 
Hollow  north  the  ore  zone  lies  in -blue  and  gray 
limestone,  but  southward  the  lime  dips  and  is  over- 


304  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

capped  by  porphyry.  There  is  country  rock  for 
several  miles  when  the  lime  appears  again,  at  times 
overlying  the  porphyry.  Quartz  comes  to  the  sur- 
face occasionally  through  the  porphyry.  The  sur- 
face water  supply  for  domestic  and  steam  purposes 
is  ample,  and  the  fact  that  the  district  is  "dry" 
makes  it  all  the  more  desirable  for  mining  purposes 
and  does  away  with  that  bug-bear  of  expense,  the 
pump. 

The  principal  towns  and  camps  in  the  district 
are  Eureka,  Silver  City,  Mammoth,  Diamond  City, 
and  Homansville.  In  the  town  of  Eureka  are 
located  such  bonanza  properties  as  the  Bullion- 
Beck  and  Champion,  Centennial-Eureka,  Eureka 
Hill,  .  Caroline,  Red  Bird,  Gemini,  etc.  Other 
important  Tintic  properties  are  the  Albany  group, 
Dipper  and  Eclipse  group,  Black  Dragon, 
Brookline,  Boss  Tweed,  Carisa,  Ajax,  Cleve- 
land Consolidated.  Dana  group,  Dandy  Jim,  Damfi- 
care,  Diamond,  DePrizen  group,  Eureka  Hill,  Eagle, 
Fair  View  and  Side  View,  Giant  Tunnel  and  Min- 
ing Company  group,  Godiva,  Golden  Ray  group, 
General  Logan,  Governor,  Hungarian,  Iron  Duke, 
King  James,  Lake  View,  Labonta,  Mattie  Bell, 
Monterey,  May  Day,  North  Star,  Northern  Spy, 
Passadena,  Phcenix,  Richmond,  Red  Rose,  Rust 
Dragon,  Santaquin,  Sioux,  Silver  Spar  group, 
Silver  Hill  group,  Silver  Bow,  Swansea,  South 
Swansea,  South  Mammoth,  Snowflake  Success, 
Tetro,  Trail  and  Black  Jack,  Tintic  Iron  Com- 
pany, Tintic  Tunnel  Company,  Utah,  Chief,  Uncle 
Sam,  Union  Pacific,  Victoria,  Dogmar,  etc. 

On     Godiva     or    Eureka     Mountain     are     the 


MINES,    MINERS   AND  MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  305 

Anaconda  group,  Marion  Consolidated,  Medea 
Consolidated,  Plutus,  Davis  and  Schmidts  group, 
and  other  good  claims. 

On  Mammoth  Mountain  are  the  Eureka  Consol- 
idated, Rebel,  Golden  Chain,  Cleveland,  Napoleon, 
and  Openhonga. 

South  of  Dragon  Hollow  are  located  the  Rat- 
tler and  Roadside,  Gladstone  group,  Lucky 
Wheeler,  Sunbeam,  Pride  of  the  Hills,  June  Rose, 
Martha  Washington,  Silver  Coin,  Undine,  Joe 
Daly,  etc. 

On  Gold  Hill  are  Lady  Aspinwall,  Moore, 
Independent,  Golden  Treasure,  Tesora,  Jersey  and 
Julia  Lane,  Bonanza,  Joe  Bowers  group,  Morning 
Glory,  Gum  Drop,  Rising  Sun,  Belle  of  Butte, 
Susan,  Galena  and  the  Sea  Lion  group. 

On  the  north  side  of  Eureka  Gulch  is  the  Tin- 
tic  Cave  mine  and  the  Richmond  group  of  six 
claims;  the  Equator  group,  Alamo  group,  Glad- 
stone group,  Champion  and  famous  Keystone  or 
Gemini,  Colorado  Chief,  Rising  Sun,  Retribution, 
Mamie  Consolidated,  Black  Warrior,  Missouri 
Lass,  Tone  and  Hopper  group,  Manhattan,  Seneca, 
Shamrock,  Mohawk  Queen,  Colorado  Belle,  C.  W. 
B.  group,  and  D.  and  R.  G.  group. 

In  North  Tintic,  or  about  three  miles  north  of 
Eureka,  the  North  Eureka  Mining  Company  has 
four  valuable  claims;  John  Davis  and  John  Strom 
also  have  groups  of  valuable  claims  near  by;  the 
Copper  Gulch  consists  of  five  claims;  Mammoth  of 
the  North,  two  claims;  the  Forest  King  is  a  good 
one,  and  three  miles  further  north  is  the  Iron 
Mountain  group;  also  the  Ajax  and  Essex;  still 


306  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

further  north  the  Miller  and  Bennett  group,  and 
seven  miles  northwest  from  Eureka  is  the  Bullion, 
and  seven  miles  east  is  the  Gold  Blossom,  and 
near  the  latter  is  the  Denver  and  Ogden  group  of 
six  claims. 

In  the  vicinity  of  Homansville  is  the  Annie 
Consolidated,  consisting  of  four  claims;  the  Cal- 
liope group  of  six  claims,  and  the  Iowa  group. 

The  West  Tintic  district  lies  in  the  West  Tin- 
tic  Mountains,  on  the  west  side  of  Tintic  Valley, 
sixteen  miles  from  Eureka.  The  district  has  an 
area  of  about  ten  miles  square.  The  most  noted 
properties  are  the  Scotia,  Lucille,  Silver  Bell, 
Silver  Star,  Oh  Be  Joyful,  Stonewall  Jackson,  and 
Brunswick,  Eighty-Eight,  Northwestern,  New 
Brunswick,  Hard  Cash,  Hail  Stone,  Ninety-Two, 
Red  Bird,  and  Copper  Star.  There  are  scores  of 
other  claims  that  have  more  or  less  development, 
and  will  be  mines  when  developed. 

IN    SILVER    CITY. 

The  Silver  Bow  group  of  four  claims  is 
now  leased  by  George  Kappes  and  others,  and 
they  are  keeping  abreast  of  the  boom  with  a  good 
output  of  pay  ore. 

A  good  flow  of  water  was  struck  in  the  Tesora 
shaft  at  a  depth  of  152  feet,  and  the  only  pump  in 
the  camp  is  in  operation.  The  Buckeye,  south  of 
Diamond,  has  also  plenty  of  water  and  has  a  pump 
in  operation. 

The  Cleopatra  is  an  extension  of  the  Swansea, 
and  lies  right  in  the  center  of  the  town  of  Silver 
City.  It  is  owned  by  Hon.  C.  E.  Allen,  C.  J. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  307 

Pence,  A.  L.  Simondi,  Paul  Rodenhouse  and  J.  A. 
Bard,  of  Salt  Lake  City.  A  shaft  now  down 
seventy  feet  will  go  to  bed-rock,  and  then  a  cross- 
cut will  be  run  to  the  Swansea  vein.  This  is  one 
of  the  most  promising  prospects  in  the  district. 
The  Stemwinder  group  of  three  claims  near  by  is 
owned  by  Messrs.  Bard,  Simondi,  Hudson,  Col- 
burn,  Rodenhouse  and  Monter,  of  Salt  Lake  City. 
One  shaft  is  125  feet,  and  another  is  50  feet  deep, 
and  both  are  in  ore. 

J.  A.  Bard  is  also  a  part  owner  in  the  Silver 
Moon,  Pocahontas,  and  Dubie,  of  the  Sunbeam 
group,  along  with  Marcus  E.  Jones,  Kenzie, 
Locke  and  Twamley,  Conrad,  Merrill  and  Pence, 
and  Hammond  and  Dubie. 

Hon.  Glen  Miller,  of  Salt  Lake,  has  a  fortune 
in  the  Primrose,  which  has  already  produced  over 
$100,000. 

AT    DIAMOND. 

While  Diamond  is  one  of  the  oldest  camps  in 
the  state,  it  has  long  been  idle,  but  is  reviving 
along  with  the  balance  of  the  district,  and  every- 
body who  sinks  deep  enough  is  striking  it  in  the 
uniform  grade  of  ore  that  underlies  the  pyrites. 

THE   HOMESTAKE 

Is  a  company  possessing  a  very  enviable  and 
substantial  list  of  stockholders.  It  is  in  the  Dia- 
mond part  of  Tintic  district  on  the  south  side  of 
the  old  Treasure  hill  which  in  times  past  pro- 
duced several  fortunes,  and  adjoins  Mr.  H.  W. 
Lawrence's  Morning  Glory.  The  Homestake  is  an 


308     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

old  property,  and  has  produced  in  the  past,  and  in 
fact,  produces  today;  but  while  the  vein  is  well 
defined  it  is  not  yet  in  the  ore  as  it  promises  soon 
to  be.  A  shaft  210  feet  is  now  on  the  property  and 
the  intention  is  to  sink  100  feet  further  before  drift- 
ing. The  company  is  capitalized  for  $400,000 
divided  into  400,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $1 
each.  J.  H.  McGhan  is  president;  Chas.  Baldwin 
vice-president;  J.  T.  Harris  secretary  and  treasurer, 
with  G.W.  Heintz  and  with  E.  V.  Bates  the  gentle- 
men named  are  the  directors.  The  company  owns 
four  600x1,500  and  one  200x1,200  feet  claims. 

Adjoining  the  Homestake  is  the  Morning 
Glory,  owned  by  Hon.  Henry  Lawrence  of  Salt 
Lake  City.  The  shaft  is  now  down  two  hundred 
feet  and  will  sink  to  the  five  hundred  with  a  new 
hoist  which  will  soon  be  in  place.  At  present  a 
good  grade  of  copper  and  chloride  ore  is  being 
shipped  from  the  one  hundred  foot  level.  This 
ore  also  carries  a  big  percentage  of  iron,  and 
some  geld.  A  contract  for  sinking  100  feet  further 
on  the  working  incline  of  the  Morning  Glory  on 
Treasure  Hill,  Diamond,  has  just  been  let.  This 
incline  was  already  in  180  feet,  and  very  good  ore 
has  been  shipped  from  the  claim  going  200  oz.  in 
silver. 

The  Buckeye  group  of  five  claims  is  owned 
principally  by  John  Beck  and  J.  W.  Green,  of 
Salt  Lake  City.  They  have  a  shaft  down  three 
hundred  feet,  and  are  still  sinking.  At  the  same 
time  considerable  high  grade  ore  is  being  shipped. 
The  water  encountered  has  proven  more  of  a 
blessing  than  hindrance  to  operation. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  309 

The  Showers  group  of  five  claims  is  owned  by 
Walker  Brothers  of  Salt  Lake,  and  are  being 
worked  under  lease. 

The  Eva  Mining  Company  is  principally 
owned  by  Frank  Woodward  and  others,  of  Spanish 
Fork.  At  present  the  work  is  on  drifting  from  the 
fifty-foot  level  to  catch  the  vein,  which  will  be 
reached  in  about  one  hundred  feet. 

NORTH    TINTIC. 

In  North  Tintic,  about  three  miles  north  of 
Eureka,  and  located  on  the  same  belt,  the  North 
Tintic  Consolidated  Mining  Company  owns  a  large 
and  valuable  group  of  claims,  which  show  good 
values  of  both  gold  and  silver. 

BULLION-BECK   AND  CHAMPION   MINING  COMPANY. 

The  istory  of  the  Bullion-Beck  mine  sounds 
more  like  fiction  than  fact  to  those  familiar  with  it. 
About  1870  John  Beck,  to  use  his  own  expression, 
was  rolled  down  the  hill  "on  to  the  Bullion-Beck 
mine."  Some  interests  had  by  him  there  he  lost, 
and  he  began  to  wander  about,  pick  in  hand,  look- 
ing for  an  opening.  One  day  as  he  walked  along, 
he  ran  across  two  men  leaning  against  a  very  large 
boulder.  He  rested  with  them  for  a  time.  They 
moved  off.  Then,  without  serious  thought,  he 
located  a  claim  there.  This  was  the  Bullion-Beck 
mine  which  to  date  has  added  between  $8,000,000 
and  $10,000,000  to  the  world's  wealth. 

The  men  he  had  talked  to  came  back,  tore 
down  his  location  notices,  and  tried  to  force  him  off. 
But  he  held  on.  Finally  he  gave  an  interest  in  the 


310 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  311 

ocation  to  ^some  men  who  had  been  working  for 
him  on  the  Eureka  Hill.  They  began  developing 
the  claim  and  the  others  grew  dissatisfied  with  the 
showing,  holding  it  was  merely  a  slide  and  not  the 
cropping  of  a  permanent  vein.  So  Mr.  Beck  gave 
them  $5  each — $15  in  all — and  $15  meant  some 
money  in  those  days  to  Mr.  Beck.  The  boulder 
stood  just  about  where  the  Bullion-Beck  shaft 
is  now. 

Then  he  began  work.  Every  possible  dis- 
couragement was  offered  him.  He  was  poor. 
Would  work  on  the  claim  until  out  of  food,  when 
he  would  start  out  and  turn  small  trades  until  a 
little  surplus  had  been  accumulated  when  he  would 
go  back  to  his  mine.  Then  a  little  ore  would  come 
in.  This  he  would  take  out  and  haul  to  the  smel- 
ters in  a  light  wagon  he  owned,  and  from  its  sale 
would  return  to  further  develop  the  mine,  which 
had  become  to  him  all  that  there  was  in  life  for 
subsistance.  The  contrast  between  the  conditions 
today  and  then  are  so  great  that  they  can  scarcely 
be  realized.  The  mine  has  paid  over  $2,000,000  in 
dividends;  it  owns  over  100  acres  of  surface  mineral 
ground,  on  part  of  which  the  city  of  Eureka  is  located. 
The  mine  has  onl)r  been  partially  opened  to  a 
depth  of  1,000  feet,  the  shaft  being  only  900  feet 
in  depth ;  not  one-third  the  area  owned  by  the  company 
has  been  opened  by  its  lateral  workings,  and  as  to 
depths,  there  is  no  rational  limit  to  the  work  that 
yet  may  be  done — while  the  developments  in  other 
mines  in  the  district  prove  that  not  only  does  the 
ore  continue  to  600  feet  greater  depth  than  the 
Bullion-Beck  has  really  opened,  but  that  it  becomes 


312  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

richer  with  depth.  Its  average  value  shows  12  per 
cent  lead,  52  oz.  silver,  and  $1  in  gold,  though  it 
has  yielded  for  a  year  $8  in  gold  to  the  ton.  A 
combined  mill  and  concentrator,  with  a  capacity  of 
200  tons  daily,  is  steadily  run  upon  the  low  grade 
ores,  which  are  practically  limitless.  In  conjuntion 
with  the  Centennial-Eureka,  the  Bullion-Beck  owns 
a  water  system  at  Homansville.  It  is  numbered 
among  the  great  mines  of  the  west.  Mr.  Beck  is 
one  of  the  few  men  discovering  great  mines  who 
live  to  enjoy  the  blessings  of  their  discoveries. 

In  1887  the  Bullion-Beck  was  defendant  to  a 
law  suit,  brought  by  a  neighboring  company,  which 
cost  the  company  over  $300,000  and  occupied  thir- 
teen weeks  in  court — every  day,  save  Sundays. 
While  the  result  is  not  always  the  same,  it  is  a 
common  saying  among  parties  in  interest  that  a  mine 
is  of  little  value  which  has  not  had  its  lawsuit,  and 
mining  litigation  is  always  expensive. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  100,000  shares  of  a 
par  value  of  $10  each.  John  Beck  is  president  and 
manager;  Mr.  W.  J.  Beattie  is  secretary.  These  two 
gentlemen,  with  Geo.  Q.  Cannon,  H.  B.  Clawson, 
Simon  Bamberger,  W.  S.  McCornick  and  Clarence 
K.  McCornick  constitute  the  directory. 

THE    UTAH    AND    SIOUX    GROUPS. 

The  Sioux  and  the  Utah  were  located  about 
1880.  They  fell  into  the  hands  of  Hon.  T.  R. 
Culter,  Mr.  S.  S.  Jones,  and  that  indefatigable 
miner,  Ed.  Loose,  and  others.  In  prosecuting  the 
work,  Messrs.  Jones  and  Cutler  bought  out  many 
of  the  other  owners,  among  them  Mr.  Knight, 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  313 

owner  of  the  new  find,  the  Humbug.  In  1893  Mr. 
Geo.  H.  Robinson,  the  mining  expert,  and  Mr. 
Franklin  Farrell,  of  Ansonia,  Conn.,  bought  into 
the  Sioux,  securing  a  control  for  a  fixed  sum,  con- 
ditionally on  the  erection  of  a  mill — a  condition 
complied  with.  Later  they  also  obtained  control  of 
the  Utah.  The  Sioux  group  is  capitalized  .for 
100,000  shares,  #10  each.  F.  Farrell,  S.  S.  Jones, 
T.  R.  Cutler,  Geo.  H.  Robinson,  and  F.  H.  Peyton 
are  directors.  Mr.  Farrell,  president;  Mr.  Jones 
vice-president;  and  Mr.  Peyton,  secretary  and 
treasurer. 

The  Utah  is  capitalized  for  250,000  shares  of  a 
par  value  of  $1  each.  S.  S.  Jones  is  president;  T. 
R.  Cutler  vice-president.  These  gentlemen,  with 
Geo.  H.  Robinson,  L.  Holbrook,  and  F.  H.  Peyton 
constitute  the  directorate.  John  R.  Twelves  of 
Provo  is  secretary  and  treasurer. 

The  Utah  and  Sioux  mines,  owned  by  distinct 
companies,  but  practically  the  property  of  the  same 
persons,  may  be  classed  among  the  close  corpora- 
tions, because  the  stockholders  are  so  few  that 
little  of  public  interest  attaches  to  them.  However, 
Mr.  G.  H.  Robinson,  the  noted  mining  engineer, 
and  Mr.  Franklin  Farrell  are  the  chief  owners. 
The  Farrell  mill  works  the  ores  from  this  group  of 
mines,  while  a  tunnel  to  go  into  the  mountain  4,000 
feet  and  already  in  a  distance  of  over  1,000  feet 
since  last  May,  is  under  direction  of  Mr.  Robinson 
and  is  supposed  to  be  connected  with  the  mining 
companies  named.  The  Sioux  and  Utah  are  on 
the  east  side  of  the  mountain  from  the  Mammoth 


314  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

and  Ajax,  and  the  tunnel  is  on  the  west  side  of  the 
range,  so  that  the  ores  from  the  mills,  once  the 
tunnel  is  completed,  will  all  come  to  the  west  side 
on  which  are  the  mills  and  the  railroads.  Great 
development  work  is  going  on  in  the  Sioux  and 
Utah  mines,  and  it  is  a  safe  statement  that  every 
dollar  of  profit  made  out  of  these  is  being 
put  back  in  development  work,  so  confident  are  the 
owners  of  the  value  of  their  properties.  Moreover, 
these  works  are  under  the  direction  of  Mr.  Geo.  H. 
Robinson,  than  whom  no  mining  engineer  inspires 
more  confidence  in  what  receives  his  personal 
supervision.  But  no  data  could  be  had,  Mr. 
Robinson  being  averse  to  any  publication  affecting 
the  private  interests  entrusted  to  his  charge. 

THE   CENTENNIAL  EUREKA. 

The  Centennial-Eureka,  one  of  the  famous 
mines  of  Tintic,  has  thirteen  claims,  and  has  the 
deepest  shaft  in  the  state — 1,535  feet.  To  date  it 
has  paid  $1,800,000  in  dividends;  these  come  regu- 
larly $30,000  per  month,  and  the  months  are  fre- 
quent when  an  extra  dividend  is  declared.  The 
company  is  capitalized  for  300,000  shares  of  a  par 
value  of  $50  each,  and  it  is  one  of  the  few  mines 
the  stock  of  which  commands  more  than  par.  It 
has  one  of  the  finest  plants  in  the  west,  and  it  is 
equipped  with  a  hoist  to  permit  sinking  to  a  depth 
of  3,100  feet.  The  product  of  the  mine  is  silver 
and  gold,  said  to  average  about  half  and  half. 
Work  began  on  the  mine  in  1884,  twelve  years 
ago,  on  September  12,  and  its  record  has  been 
phenomenal.  On  that  date  Mr.  J.  D.  Kendall  took 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  315 

charge  and  remained  there  from  that  date  until  he 
voluntarily  resigned  August  1st,  1896.  Since 
that  time  Hon.  C.  E.  Allen,  Utah's  present  Con- 
gressman, has  been  manager  of  the  Centennial 
Eureka.  Captain  J.  T.  Woodman  is  president  of 
the  company;  J.  K.  Bamberger  vice-president;  W. 
W.  Chisholm  treasurer.  These  gentlemen,  with  W. 
C.  Staines,  and  W.  M.  Bradley,  constitute  the 
directory.  Captain  Hank  W.  Smith  is  superin- 
tendent. 

As  an  evidence  of  the  necessities  of  a  big 
mine,  it  may  be  stated  that  at  the  machine  shops 
of  the  Centennial-Eureka  a  6-J-  inch  diameter  tele- 
scope is  being  built  for  Mr.  Chisholm.  Every  par- 
ticle of  the  mechanical  work  is  being  done  in  the 
shops  —  outside  the  manufacture  of  the  lens  —  even 
to  the  brass  castings,  and  which  are  the  product  of 
one  of  the  company's  employes. 

Established   1855.  Incorporated   1885 

GEO.   T.    BRICE,    PRESIDENT 

Qodbe  Pitts  Drug  Co. 


TKHbole0ale  anfc  IRetail 


SALT     LAKE     CITY,      -       UTAH. 


316  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 


HON.  RICHARD.  MACKINTOSH,  MINK  AND  SAMPLER  OWNER. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      317 
THE  GRAND  CENTRAL. 

No  more  nervy  mining  operation  has  been  un- 
dertaken in  recent  times  than  that  of  the  Grand 
Central.  The  ground  owned  by  this  company  ad- 
joins that  of  the  wctnderful  Centennial  Eureka,  and 
the  confidence  of  its  possessors  is  so  unbounded 
that  in  the  past  fourteen  months  they  have  sunk 
over  $90,000  and  are  still  expending  a  proportion- 
ate amount  each  month,  and  not  a  dollar  of  the 
stock  has  been  offered  for  sale.  None  but  the  orig- 
inal investors  has  ever  been  asked  to  contribute  a 
cent.  A  double  compartment  working  shaft,  with 
a  manway  7^x15  feet,  has  been  sunk  over  800  feet, 
and  a  drift  800  feet  long  has  been  run  on  the  200 
foot  level,  and  while  not  an  ounce  of  ore  has  been 
taken  out,  the  confidence  of  the  company  that  they 
have  a  bonanza,  which  they  will  soon  strike,  is 
perfect.  Every  foot  of  development  work  to  date 
has  verified  their  judgment  and  confirms  the  assur- 
ance had  by  them  before  they  began  work — that  the 
Grand  Central  will  be  one  of  the  greatest  of  Utah's 
great  producers.  Mr.  Ed.  Loose,  an  old  time  miner 
of  great  experience,  is  developing  the  ?vork. 

O.    R.    YOUNG, 

•f  =Cfvfl 


Irrigation,  Construction,  Railways,  Mining, 

U.S.  DEPUTY  MINERAL  SURVEYOR. 
511-513  McCornick  Bldg. ,  Salt  Lake  City.    P.  0.  Box  792. 


318  MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS    OF   UTAH. 

EUREKA    HILL    AND    GEMINI    COMPANIES. 

These  are  close  corporations,  Hon.  J.  Q.  Packard 
being  president  and  R.  J.  Hilton  secretary  of  both. 
Nothing  could  be  ascertained  as  to  their  dividends, 
but  both  are  undoubtedly  very  profitable  properties. 
Both  are  at  Eureka,  and  the  Eureka  Hill  has 
recently  finished  a  ~\  00  stamp  mill  with  a  capacity 
of  250  tons  daily,  varying  as  to  more  or  less  accord- 
ing to  the  ore — less  if  harder,  more  if  softer.  They 
produce  gold,  silver,  lead  and  a  little  copper.  The 
ores  that  are  milled  range  from  12  to  25  oz.  in  sil- 
ver and  4  per  cent  lead,  with  about  $2  in  gold. 
Those  ores  that  are  shipped  direct  to  the  smelters 
range  from  70  to  100  oz.  in  silver,  10  per  cent  to 
15  per  cent  lead,  and  $8  to  $10  in  gold.  The  mines 
have  been  operated  by  Mr.  Packard  since  1872 — or 
now  twenty-four  years,  and  are  among  the  most 
conspicuous  of  the  notable  properties  in  the  district. 
Undoubtedly  they  have  been  heavy  dividend  payers. 
In  both  groups  a  depth  of  1,100  feet  has  been 
reached,  and  the  characteristics  of  the  ores,  else- 
where mentioned  as  prevailing  in  the  district,  hold 
good  in  these  mines.  A  water  system,  owned  by 
the  Eureka  Hill  Company,  and  located  at  Homans- 
ville,  supplies  the  mines  with  necessary  water. 

The  Eureka  Hill  is  capitalized  at  $1,000,000, 
the  par  value  of  shares  being  $100.  The  Gemini 
group  is  capitalized  at  $500,000,  the  stock  having  a 
par  ^lue  of  $100  per  share. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  319 


HON.  CHARLES  CARROLL  GOODWIN,  SILVER  CHAMPION  OF  THE  WEST. 


320  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 

THE    MAMMOTH. 

Work  on  the  Mammoth  began  in  1871.  It  was 
then  desirable  as  a  copper  property.  Despite 
many  untoward  circumstances,  it  has  maintained  an 
almost  steady  development,  and  has  to  this  date 
been  the  chief  factor  in  that  particular  portion  of 
the  Tintic  district  known  as  Mammoth,  in  which 
it  is  located.  Its  shaft  has  gone  to  a  depth  of  1,500 
feet,  and  it  has  a  vast  area  of  unexplored  ground. 
Machinery  is  now  being  placed  to  sink  300  feet 
further,  work  on  which  will  commence  at  once. 
The  ore  comes  in  immense  deposits,  averaging  $9 
in  gold  and  about  8  oz.  in  silver  to  the  ton.  Run- 
ning through  these  bodies  are  streaks  of  extremely 
rich  ore,  and  occasionally  a  high  percentage  of 
copper  is  obtained,  though  the  copper  has  given 
way  generally  to  a  higher  value  in  gold. 

A  60  stamp  mill  has  recently  been  completed, 
and  it  is  estimated  that  were  no  more  ore  broken,  the 
80,000  tons  on  the  dump  and  broken  would  keep 
the  mill  going  for  a  long  time.  But  the  ore 
is  not  lost.  In  exploring  new  areas  in  the  limits 
of  the  Mammoth's  great  possessions,  ore  has  been 
found  to  the  north  of  the  old  workings,  in  what 
was  long  thought  to  be  barren  ground,  while  the 
now  admitted  characteristics  of  the  north  half  of 
the  district  —large  ore  bodies  connected  by  pipes 
or  channels,  establish  the  assurance  that  there  is 
practically  no  limit  to  the  deposits  contained  in; the 
Mammoth's  ground,  not  one-tenth  of  which  has  3  et 
been  explored  laterally.  Some  of  the  shipments 
have  shown  that  the  ore  would _  run  as  high  as;  30 


MINES,    MINERS,    AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  321 

oz.  to  the  ton — or  over  $600  in  gold.  A  pipe  line 
costing  $130,000  was  put  in  by  the  company  to 
supply  water,  while  the  60  stamp  mill  cost  $160,000. 
So  far  but  40  stamps  have  been  at  work,  but  in  a 
short  time  work  will  begin  on  the  lead  ores  that 
the  mine  produces,  and  the  remaining  20  stamps 
will  be  utilized  on  this  class  of  ore. 

The  company  owns  9  claims,  giving  it  a  sur- 
face area  of  some  80  acres. 

In  all,  the  mines  of  the  group  have  netted 
about  $2,000,000,  some  $500,000  of  which  have 
been  put  into  improvements.  The  Mammoth  has 
always  paid  for  its  own  improvements,  never  taxing 
the  stock  by  assessment  for  any  work.  The  put  of 
the  Mammoth  product  has  carried  about  84  per  cent 
gold,  14  per  cent  silver,  and  1  per  cent  base  metal. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  $10,000,000. 
Wm.  J.  Mclntyre  is  president;  Jas.  A.  Cunning- 
ham, vice-president;  H.  S.  Young,  treasurer. 
These  gentlemen,  with  S.  Mclntyre,  W.  W.  Riter, 
J.  T.  Little,  and  P.  T.  Farnsworth  constitute  the 
directory.  Mr.  Fred  Corker  is  secretary. 

THE  AJAX. 

Under  many  names  and  possessed  by  contend- 
ing corporations,  the  Ajax,  formerly  the  well-known 
Copperoppolis,  seems  to  have  taken  a  new  and 
permanent  lease  of  life.  For  years  it  had  been  a 
bone  of  legal  contention,  first  controlled  by  one 
and  then  by  another  interest,  each,  when  in  posses- 
sion, taking  out  the  ores  and  yet  doing  as  little 
development  work  as  possible.  The  upshot  of  it 
all  was  that  the  value  of  the  mine  was  almost 


.322     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

destroyed,  and  as  its  interests  seemed  also  to  con- 
flict with  those  of  the  Champlain,  the  owners  of  the 
latter  bought  out  the  adverse  claimants  for  some- 
thing like  $50,000  and  took  hold  of  the  property 
and  began  work.  Up  to  this  time  not  to  exceed 
200  feet  had  been  gained  in  depth  in  all  the  works 
undertaken,  and  as  the  ore  bodies  gave  out  because 
no  development  work  was  done,  it  is  not  surprising 
that  this  mine,  like  so  many  other  good  but  abused 
properties,  should  have  been  deemed  well-nigh 
worthless.  Since  the  property  fell  into  the  hands 
of  the  Ajax  Company,  of  which  Mr.  Frank  Knox, 
the  well-known  banker,  is  the  president,  over  300 
feet  in  depth  of  working  has  been  gained  and  the 
mine  is  today  recognized  as  one  of  the  most  promis- 
ing in  the  state.  The  high  range  of  ores,  as  result- 
ing from  actual  shipments,  show  4  oz.  of  gold,  40 
per  cent  copper,  and  12  to  30  oz.  silver.  These 
are  the  maximum  figures  for  car  load  shipments. 
The  Ajax,  of  all  the  mines  in  the  district,  seems  to 
show  the  greatest  per  centage  of  lead.  Arrangements 
are  making  for  a  run  on  the  low  grade  ores  in  the 
Farrell  mill  in  the  district,  and  it  is  more  than 
likely  that  it  will,  within  a  year,  have  a  new  and 
modern  mill  of  its  own  for  the  reduction  of  such 
ores  as  will  not  bear  the  cost  of  transportation. 

The  company  is  capitalized  for  300,000  shares 
of  a  par  value  of  $10  each.  Frank  Knox  is  presi- 
dent and  treasurer;  S.  Mclntyre,  vice-president; 
Isaac  Jennings,  secretary;  R.  G.  Smith,  assistant- 
secretary.  These  gentlemen,  with  the  exception  of 
Mr.  Smith,  and  with  the  addition  of  Mr.  H.  M. 
Ryan,  W.  H.  King,  Geo.  A.  Lowe,  and  W.  G. 
Nebeker  are  the  Ajax  directors. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     323 

DENVER  &  RIO 

RAILROAD  OX, 
SCENIC  LINE  OF  THE  WORLD. 


TWO  DAILY  FAST  TRAINS  TO 

(Blenwoofc  Springs,  Hspen, 

Xea&x>tlle,  Cripple  Creefc, 

pueblo,  Colorado  Springs, 

/iDanitou,  2>enx>er, 


Hll  points 

(T"^^**^ 
CHOICE  OK  F^OUR  ROUTES. 


For  Rates,  Information  and 

jt  «jfc  jt  Descriptive  Pamphlets, 

Call  at  - 
58  WEST  SECOND  SOUTH  STREET. 

S.  1C.  HOOPER,  B.  F.  NEVINS,  H.  M.  CUSHING, 

Gen.  Pass.  &  Tkt.  Agt  Gen' I  Agent.  Tray.  Pass.  Agent. 


324  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

THE    HUMBUG. 

This,  while  not  by  any  means  a  new  property, 
has  but  recently  shown  ore,  and  it  is  one  of  a 
very  high  grade.  It  is  owned  by  Mr.  Jesse 
Knight  and  Sons,  and  will  soon  be  accounted 
among  the  shippers  of  the  district.  A  road  is  now 
being  built  to  the  property  so  that  the  ores  can  be 
taken  away.  After  a  great  deal  of  seemingly  hope- 
less work,  Mr.  Knight  began  to  drive  a  tunnel  in 
new  ground,  and  then  an  ore  body  was  exposed 
showing  how  much  deception  may  be  in  a  mining 
name — the  Humbug  being  anything  but  a  humbug. 
Mr.  Knight  is  by  one-half  the  inhabitants  of 
Tintic  congratulated,  by  the  other  half  envied. 

THE    GODIVA. 

This  is  a  property  in  which  Mr.  John  Q. 
Packard,  president  of  the  Eureka  Hill  and  Gemini 
companies,  is  interested.  A  new  hoist  is  being 
erected,  and  thorough  preparations  are  making  for 
a  more  extensive  extraction  of  the  ores  discovered, 
and  wider  developments  than  has  hitherto  charac- 
terized the  workings  of  the  Godiva. 

The  BLACK  DRAGON  MINING  COMPANY  owns  the 
Black  and  Rust  Dragon  claims  at  Silver  City,  the 
second  locations  made  in  the  Tintic  district,  and 
the  twelfth  claims  to  be  patented.  Various  circum- 
stances— such  as  their  passing  through  estates,  the 
segregation  of  interests,  legal  complications  and 
then  the  fall  in  the  price  of  silver— operated  to  stop 
work  on  the  claims.  In  April  last,  however,  they 
became  the  absolute  property  of  the  above-named 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  325 

company,  since  which  time  the  claims  have  been 
worked  and  are  destined  to  continue  being  worked. 
An  old  shaft  125  feet  deep  is  being  straightened 
and  retimbered  and  put  in  working  order  and  being 
sunk  upon.  If  there  is  such  a  geological  occurrence 
as  a  true  fissure  vein  in  limestone—  denied,  how- 
ever, by  experts— it  is  conceded  that  the  Black 
Dragon  has  it.  The  ore  is  milling  in  character  and 
is  very  rich  in  streaks  running,  as  high  as  343  oz. 
in  silver  and  $58.80  in  gold  and  25  per  cent  in 
copper. 

It  is  officered  thus:  L.  L.  Terry,  president;  J. 
H.  Brown,  vice-president  and  treasurer;  and  E.  D. 
Woodruff,  secretary,  all  of  Salt  Lake.  These,  with 
E.  D.  Ellis,  Allan  Conkling  and  Fred  N.  Peat,  all 
of  Chicago,  are  the  directors.  The*  corporation  is 
a  close  one,  all  the  stock  being  owned  by  the  gen- 
tlemen named. 

The  STAR  CONSOLIDATED  at  Silver  City  em- 
braces a  group  of  claims  that  have  been  successfully 
and  profitably  worked  for  three  years.  There  are 
two  tunnels  on  the  property,  the  upper  260  feet  in 
length,  from  which  a  winz  has  been  sunk  110  feet. 
The  lower  tunnel  was  in  a  distance  of  600  feet 
August  1st,  from  which  also  a  winz  had  been  sunk 
275  feet.  A  working  shaft  has  been  commenced, 
which  is  to  be  sunk  1,000  feet.  The  chief  product 
of  the  Star  Consolidated  is  gold,  though  it  yields 
also  silver  and  some  lead.  The  corporation  is  a 
new  one. 


326     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

The  officers  are  H.  W.  Lawrence,  President; 
Milan  Packard,  vice-president;  W.  J.  Lawrence, 
treasurer;  Geo.  N.  Lawrence,  Secretary.  Direc- 
tors, H.  W.  Lawrence  M.  Packard,  Chilean 
Packard,  Julia  A.  Kimball  and  W.  J.  Lawrence. 
W.  J.  Lawrence  is  superintendent.  The  company 
ownes  five  claimes  and  is  capitalized  for  15,000 
shares  of  a  par  value  of  $10  each. 

THE   NORTH   TINTIC   CONSOLIDATED   MINING   COMPANY. 

This  company  has  one  of  the  largest  and  most 
valuable  areas  of  territory  in  its  immediate  section. 
The  group  of  claims  is  about  8,100  feet  long,  by 
1,800  feet  wide.  These  claims  were  located  by 
practical  and  experienced  miners,  and  are  situated 
about  three  miles  north  of  Eureka,  Utah,  in  the 
heart  of  the  mineral  zone,  and  are  said  to  be  upon 
the  same  belt  as  the  Bullion-Beck,  the  Centennial- 
Eureka,  Keystone  and  other  rich  mines,  the  outcrop 
being  easily  traceable  from  Eureka  across  the  moun- 
tains. These  claims  are  by  experts  and  surveyors 
said  to  be  at  the  junction  of  the  Eureka  and  the 
great  Mercur  belts.  The  mines  south  and  north  of 
this  company  have  yielded  many  millions,  and,  as 
shown  elsewhere,  their  yield  is  rapidly  increasing. 
The  Tiernan  mine,  three  miles  north,  has  a  body  of 
ore  of  the  same  character  as  the  Bullion-Beck, 
which  would  seem  conclusively  to  demonstrate  that, 
with  proper  development,  the  North  Tintic  Consol- 
idated will  produce  the  same  ore,  the  black  quartz 
found  in  the  company's  shaft  on  the  Buckhorn 
being  identical  with  that  in  the  Bullion-Beck. 
Some  two  and  a  half  miles  northwest  is  the  Hot 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     327 

Stuff  mine,  with  a  body  ot  shipping  ore  which  is 
being  extensively  developed.  Immediately  adjoin- 
ing on  the  south  is  the  Farragut  group,  with  a  body 
of  ore  fi2  feet  wide.  Adjoining  on  the  east  is  the 
North  Eureka,  developing  with  fine  showings  of 
gold  and  silver.  The  Buckhorn  shaft,  which  is 
about  70  feet  deep,  shows  a  well-defined  vein  of 
black  quartz  and  mineralized  talc,  which  give  as- 
says of  from  $3  to  $27  in  gold  and  silver,  some 
higher  assays  being  reported. 

Mineral  croppings  abound  throughout  the  prop- 
erties of  .the  North  Tintic  Consolidated,  and  the 
surface  showings  are  regarded  by  many  as  even 
more  promising  than  they  were  at  Eureka. '  Wher- 
ever the  veins  have  been  penetrated  in  the  different 
places  over  this  property,  the  appearances  improve 
rapidly,  and  the  best  mining  men  now  concur  in 
the  opinion  that  it  is  but  a  question  of  reasonable 
depth  when  this  company  will  develop  a  large  and 
rich  body  of  ore,  which  seems  to  be  the  only  ne- 
cessity in  many  places  in  that  district.  The  com- 
pany is  selling  a  limited  amount  of  treasury  stock 
for  development  purposes.  Information  can  be  ob- 
tained from  L.  M.  Armstrong,  attorney-at-Law, 
Salt  Lake  City,  or  John  F.  Waters,  attorney-at- 
law,  Chicago,  111. 

THE    HOTEL     MAMMOTH. 

At  Mammoth  is  one  of  the  best  hotels  in  the 
State.  It  is  run  by  Mrs.  Dix,  who  has  one  of  the 
best  tables,  cleanest  and  cosiest  little  hotels  to  be 
found  in  the  State.  The  rates  are  $2.50  per  day,  and 
those  that  have  stopped  there  once  will  stop 
there  again. 


328 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH. 


DAGMAR    MINING    AND    MILLING     CO. 

The  mines  of  this  company  are  situated  in 
Tintic  Mining  district.  The  claims  of  this  company 
are  located  about  3000  feet  northwest  of  the  great 
Bullion-Beck,  and  some  2000  feet  from  the  Gemini 

or  Keystone  group, 
and  between  5000 
and  6000  feet  from 
the  Centennial  Eu- 
reka, and  Eureka 
Hill  mines.  They 
are  in  the  same  lime 
formation.  For  depth 
attained,  the  Dagmar 
has  made  a  very  su- 
perior showing,  few 
mines  in  the  district 
presenting  better  in- 
dications for  the  work 
done,  ore  being  en- 
countered at  a  depth 
of  fifteen  feet.  This 
increased  with  depth 
while  it  has  also  im- 
proved in  character, 

s.  R.  MARKS  and  there    are    many 

who  believe  it  destined  to  be  one  of  Eureka's  big  pro- 
perties. A  small  amount  of  treasury  stock  is  offered 
for  sale,  the  proceeds  fro^i  which  are  used  to  de- 
velop the  property.  The  company  is  capitalized  for 
$500,000  divided  into  100,000  shares  of  a  par  value 
of  $5  each.  One  fourth  the  total  capitalization  has 


MINES, Mf^ERS   AVD     MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  329 


MR.  TIM  DRISCOLL,  A  VETERAN,  UTAH  MINER. 


330 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH. 


been  set  aside  for  sale  to  develop  the  property.  S. 
R.  Marks  is  president;  Ed.  T.  Studness,  vice- 
president,  and  E.  Q.  Knowlton  is  secretary  and 
treasurer.  The  company's  offices  are  302  State 
Street. 


(I\r.  Jim  J.  Driseoll. 

Tim  J.  Driseoll,  whose  picture  is  given  else- 
where, has  been  mining  since  1851  and  has  mined 
all  over  the  west;  on  the  American  River,  and 
Yuba  River.  In  1857  he  was  on  the  Pon  D'Oreille 
river  Oregon,  near  the  Trail  Creek  district  now 
booming.  He  fitted  out  the  party  that  struck  Alder 
Gulch.  With  Capt.  Ankenney^he  laid  out  the  town 
of  Lewiston  and  is  now  in  Mercur,  State  Line  and 
elsewhere  in  Utah. 


THE  Roessler  &  Hasslacher  Chemical  Go- 

73  Pine  St.,  f4e«ju  Yotfk. 

CYAINIDE 

PEROXIDE  OF  SODIUM, 

^        And  Other  Chemicals 
fo  Mining  Purposes 

fkept  in  Stock  b£  tbe 

^^NELDEN-JUDSON  DRUG  CO., 

alt  Lake  City,  Utah.  _ 


TRADE  MARK. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  331 


JOHN  A.  KIRBT,  SUPERINTENDENT  BULLION -BECK  MINING  CO. 


332     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Big  C^ottopu/ood  fflipipc)  District. 


This  is  one  of  the  oldest  districts  in  the  state, 
and  is  located  in  Salt  Lake  County.  Work  on 
many  claims  has  been  prosecuted  for  years,  yet 
there  has  been  little  if  any  excitement  in  recent 
times,  save  in  the  early  spring  of  1895,  when  it 
was  believed  great  bodies  of  gold  ore  were  to  be 
opened  up  at  the  mouth  of  Little  Cottonwood  Canyon. 

W.  F.  James  is  operating  the  Maxwell  in  Big 
Cottonwood,  and  the  Goodspeed  group  of  claims 
has  also  been  worked  for  a  long  time.  The  ores 
from  these  contain  silver  and  lead,  and  resemble 
Park  City  products. 

Most  attention  is  now,  however,  devoted  to 
looking  for  gold.  In  the  New  State,  one  of  the  first 
gold  locations  near  the  mouth  of  Little  Cottonwood 
canyon  some  600  feet  of  development  work  has  been 
done,  and  a  10-inch  vein  carrying  about  four  ounces 
of  gold  ore  has  been  opened.  The  mine  is  already  a 
shipping  proposition,  though  the  ore  body  is  not  as 
large  as  could  be  desired.  A  tunnel  is  now  being 
driven  into  the  New  State,  so  as  to  tap  the  ore  at 
a  much  lower  depth. 

The  Dipper  Mining  Company  has  several  claims 
in  which  a  2-foot  vein  of  4oz.  gold  ore  is  exposed. 
This  property  is  also  shipping,  and  looks  as  though 
it  were  destined  to  be  one  of  the  great  mines  of 
the  district.  The  Gold  Dollar  has  a  large  body  of 
low  grade  ore,  which  runs  from  $6  to  $8  to  the 
ton;  but  it  is  said  to  be  very  refractory. 

Other  claims  on  which  more  or  less  work  is 
being  done  are  in  the  same  locality. 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  333 

THE    WANTUNKA. 

The  Cottonwoods,  also,  seem  to  be  taking  on  a 
new  lease  of  life.  Beside  the  strikes  of  gold 
reported  there  has  also  been  an  important  silver 
find.  The  Wantunka,  found  in  '95  and  owned  by 
Felix  J.  Stark  and  Alex  Mitchell  embraces  a  group 
of  five  full  claims  from  which  some  phenomenal 
assays  have  been  had;  30  per  cent  lead,  $14  in  gold 
and  500  ounces  in  silver.  A  tunnel  60  feet  into  the 
claim,  by  which  a  depth  of  70  feet  was  gained, 
exposes  a  ^ein  of  carbonate  ores  3*4  feet  in  width,  all 
of  which  assays  well,  portions  of  which  yield  as 
above  stated.  The  ore  is  being  sacked  and  big 
results  are  expected  by  the  owners. 

The  New  Sensation  mine  is  an  old  discovery 
with  new  work.  On  part  of  the  claims  is  a  200  foot 
tunnel  in  the  face  of  which  is  a  12  foot  breast  of 
low  grade,  lead  and  silver.  From  the  other  side  of 
the  ridge  a  lower  tunnel  has  recently  been  driven 
in  a  distance  of  500  feet  to  tap  the  above  men- 
tioned vein  at  a  still  greater  depth  of  275  feet. 
They  are  now  cross  cutting  to  strike  the  vein.  The 
property  is  controlled  by  S.  S.  Phippen,  A.  Brim, 
Henry  W.  Lawrence,  W.  T.  Dinwoodey  and  others. 

THE    SILVER     HOTEL. 

-JOHN  LEYSHON,  Prop.- 
-mm- 


A  New,  First-Class  Hotel  just  completed  in  Silver  City,  One-half 
Block  from  L,  E.  Riter  4  Co.'s  General  Merchandising  Store, 

—mm—  — m 

EVERYTHING   NEW,  CLEAN   AND  ABSOLUTELY   FIRST-CLASS. 

THE    LEADING   HOTEL   OK   SILVER 


334     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

(Darysuale  (T\ii}i[)§  District. 

The  direct  line  of  travel  to  the  Marysvale  min- 
ing district  is  via  the  Rio  Grande  Western  Railway. 
From  Salt  Lake  to  Thistle  Junction  is  64  miles, 
and  from  there  to  Salina  is  87  miles,  a  distance  of 
151  miles  entire. 

Marysvale  is  fifty  miles  south  of  Salina.  It  has 
as  yet  but  about  500  people  in  the  town  proper, 
though  the  near  future  will  witness  a  rapid  growth. 
It  is  situated  in  the  valley  and  at  the  the  base  of 
old  Mt.  Baldy.  High  mountains  tower  above  it  on 
the  west.  It  is  but  fifteen  miles  from  there  to  the 
Sevier  mine,  and  the  probabilities  are  that  with 
the  advent  of  the  road,  it  will  be  a  shipping  and 
distributing  point  for  all  the  Gold  Mountain  mining 
district.  It  is  in  Piute  County,  and  Junction  City, 
seventeen  miles  south,  is  the  county  seat.  Some 
gold  was  found  in  the  Marysvale  district  thirty 
years  ago,  but  it  was  not  until  the  '80s  that  any- 
thing was  done  in  the  way  of  mining,  and  even 
then  mining  was  carried  on  under  such  disadvan- 
tages that  none  save  ore  of  high  values  could  be 
profitably  mined,  as  the  nearest  point  of  shipment 
on  the  roailroad  was  over  one  hundred  miles  dis- 
tant, and  roads  were  not  then  of  the  best. 

There  are  at  present  in  that  district  two  hun- 
dred claims,  upon  which  the  assessment  work  has 
been  done,  and  a  number  of  producing  mines  that 
go  far  towards  awakening  real  live  interest  in  the 
mining  world. 

Colonel  Dodge  and  Traffic  Manager  Babeock 
are  firm  believers  in  adding  to  and  building  up  the 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH.  335 

local  business  of  the  "Utah  road,"  and  they  have 
been  long  convinced  that  Marysvale  is  an  objective 
point,  which  will  in  time  afford  ample  returns  for 
the  money  so  expended.  There  has  been  built  and 
is  now  in  operation  thirty  four  miles  of  the  new 
line,  and  work  is  being  steadily  pushed  forward  at 
a  rate  that  will  soon  permit  direct  rail  communica- 
tion with  Marysvale  and  the  outside  world.  When 
that  day  comes  all  else  will  be  easy,  and  the  future 
of  that  district  is  assured. 

Marysvale  and  the  Baldy  country,  together 
with  contiguous  districts,  at  this  writing  are  in  a 
most  promising  condition.  The  Dalton  continues 
to  be  a  noted  mine,  and  the  Sunrise,  Sunset, 
Sundown  and  Morning  Star,  near  it,  are  develop- 
ing finely. 

THE    CRYSTAL. 

The  property  on  which  the  greatest  amount  of 
work  is  at  present  being  done  belongs  to  the  Crystal 
Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co.  Some  twenty  men  are 
at  work  and  three  tunnels  are  being  run  on  the 
claims.  The  Crystal  is  an  old  discovery  on  which 
work  ceased  about  12  years  ago  until  lately.  The 
three  tunnels  will  tap  the  same  ore  body  at  different 
points.  The  north  tunnel  is  already  in  on  the 
vein  which  averages  about  4  feet  in  width.  The 
south  tunnel  will  be  pushed  further,  and  the  middle 
tunnel  some  250  feet  before  the  ore  will  be  reached. 
The  ore  runs  about  35  per  cent,  lead,  40  oz.  in 
silver  and  $4  in  gold  to  the  ton.  The  Company  owns 
about  thirty  full  claims  and  is  capitalized  for 
100,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $10  each.  Geo. 


336  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH. 

M.  Scott  is  president  and  treasurer;  J.  E.  Gallagher, 
vice-president,  and  H.  S.  Rumfield,  secretary. 
These  with  E.  M.  Burns  and  B.  B.  Van  Dusen  are 
the  directors.  Mr.  Tom  Ferguson  is  superintend- 
ing the  work.  While  the  mine  could  be  made  a 
steady  shipper  no  ore  is  being  sent  out  because  of 
the  low  price  of  lead. 

The  Webster,  owned  by  a  strong  Salt  Lake  and 
California  syndicate  has  a  tunnel  in  1500  feet  and 
lately  exposed  five  feet  of  high  grade  galena  ore  on 
its  footwall.  The  quartz  ledge  at  this  point  is  some 
60  feet  thick.  The  Webster  promises  to  be  a  great 
property.  L.  U.  Colbath  is  managing  the  property. 

The  Wedge,  situated  on  Brigham  Peak  is  a 
recent  discovery  that  is  showing  up  well  in  silver 
and  gold.  Samples  show  values  to  run  from  $12  to 
$250  in  gold  and  from  25  10  75  oz.  in  silver. 

The  Clyde  is  also  being  developed  under  direc- 
tion of  Mr.  Isaac  Jennings,  of  Salt  Lake  City,  and 
is  making  more  than  a  satisfactory  showing. 

The  Dalton  is  a  well-known  property  of  which 
much  has  been  and  still  is  expected.  It  is  now  un- 
der lease  to  Mr.  Dan.  Ferguson  and  others,  which 
fact  shows  that  mining  men  have  confidence  in  it. 

In  the  same  district  is  the  noted  Sevier  Mine 
which  Mr.  Chas.  Lammersdorf  controls  and  which 
he  is  developing  persistently  and  with  the  profound- 
est  confidence. 

New  life  has  entered  the  whole  of  the  Marys- 
vale  mining  interests  by  reason  of  the  advent  of  the 
Rio  Grande,  soon  to  be  within  4  miles  of  the  town 
of  Marysvale.  It  means  the  opening  anew  of  an  old 
established,  yet  non-productive  district  because  the 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF    UTAH.  337 

distance  from  the  railroad  made  the  profitable  oper- 
ation of  the  mines  impossible.  Now,  however,  cap- 
ital is  going  in,  development  work  is  in  progress 
and  the  discoveries  named  are  already  giving  assur- 
ance of  a  great  future  for  that  district. 


In  this  county,  and  more  especially  in  that 
part  of  it  covered  by  the  Reservation,  great  bodies 
of  minerals  are  known  to  exist.  Specimens  of  gold 
ores  carrying  thousands  of  dollars  to  the  ton,  and 
found  in  large  ledges  are  from  time  to  time  brought 
in.  The  Indians  occupying  the  reservation  call  the 
ore  "money-stone,"  showing  that  the  great  value  of 
the  ore  is  recognized  by  the  Indians  themselves. 
In  this  county  great  bodies  of  copper  ore  have  been 
developed,  while  the  coal  and  asphalt  deposits— the 
latter  the  greatest  and  purest  in  the  world — have 
long  been  known  to  exist.  The  altitude  of  the 
country,  its  rugged  character,  and  its  distance  from 
railroads,  has  made  it  impossible  for  the  general 
public  to  know  much  about  it,  but  as  the  reserva- 
tion will  be  opened  soon,  and  the  general  public 
being  given  information  by  the  newspapers,  it  is 
only  a  matter  of  days  or  weeks  until  this  district 
will  be  as  widely  known  for  its  wealth  as  any  other 
district  in  the  Inter-mountain  country. 


338     MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

Sai}itariu/i\. 

The  springs  supplying  the  Sanitarium  baths 
referred  to  has  a  daily  flow  of  500,000  gallons  of 
water.  It  contains  a  swimming  pool  (for  men  only) 
56  by  75  feet,  and  from  3  to  7  feet  deep;  a  swim- 
ming pool,  56  by  65  feet,  for  both  sexes,  with  bath- 
ing suits;  12  private  pools,  of  ample  proportions, 
26  private  bath-rooms  with  the  best  porcelain  tubs, 
and  a  well-appointed  room  for  steam  baths. 

Surrounding  the  large  pools  are  200  commod- 
ious dressing-rooms,  and  adjacent  to  the  pools  are 
billiard  parlors,  ladies'  parlors  and  retiring-rooms, 
reading  and  smoking-rooms. 

The  efficacy  of  these  waters  has  been  demon- 
strated in  cases  of  rheumatism,  neuralgia,  diabetes, 
Bright's  disease,  gravel,  lead  poisoning,  catarrh, 
dysentery,  gout,  indigestion,  nervous  prostration 
and  incipient  lung  troubles.  These  waters  can  be 
used  internally,  and  are  particularly  beneficial  in 
all  diseases  based  on  uric  acid  diathesis. 

For  further  information,  and  testimonials  from 
people  who  have  been  restored  to  health  by  these 
waters,  write  to  the  Salt  Lake  Hot  Springs  Sani- 
tarium Company,  50  and  52  West  Third  South 
Street,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Dr.  Henry  O.  Macry  of  Boston,  writing  of  these 
springs  says:  "I  like  your  place  very  much.  *  * 
*  I  have  visited  most^of  the  celebrated  springs  of 
Europe  and  America.  Few  equal  and  none  surpass 
your  own." 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     339 

Joo<?le  (;oui?ty.      3«ncktrf 

The  NORTHERN  LIGHT  MINING  AND  MILLING 
COMPANY  owns  six  patented  and  three  unpatented 
claims  on  Lion  Hill,  in  Tooele  County,  over  the 
hill  and  northwest  of  the  famous  gold  district  of 
Camp  Floyd.  While  the  corporation  is  new,  the 
mining  claims  were  worked  years  ago  and  thou- 
sands of  tons  of  ore  extracted  at  a  profit  But  the 
fall  in  the  price  of  silver  and  profitless  litigation 
caused  a  cessation  of  work.  By  the  transfer  to  the 
new  company  all  litigation  was  estopped  and  the 
old  workings  reopened  and  tests  made  to  show  the 
assay  value  and  the  size  of  the  ore  bodies  carrying 
gold,  which  had  long  been  known  to  exist,  but 
which  could  not  be  worked  profitably  by  any  known 
system  in  earlier  days.  It  was  shown  that  the  gold 
ore  bodies  existed  on  a  scale  that  would  rival  the 
great  Mercur  mines,  while  the  assays  showed  the 
ore  to  contain  a  higher  percentage  of  gold  than 
averaged  in  the  Mercur  mines.  The  ore  also 
differed  from  that  abounding  in  Mercur  in  that  it 
disclosed  the  presence  of  something  like  18  oz.  of 
silver,  as  well  as  $17  in  gold  to  the  ton,  or  a  little 
over  1  oz.  of  silver  for  each  dollar  of  gold.  Apart 
from  some  ores  found  in  the  Cannon  shaft,  silver 
has  not  hitherto  been  found  among  the  ores  now 
being  worked  in  Mercur.  Then  the  ore  was  tested 
both  in  Utah  and  in  Colorado  to  ascertain  if  the 
gold  could  be  extracted  by  the  cyanide  process  and 
both  tests  were  eminently  successful.  The  stock 
has  been  bought  up  closely,  because  the  Northern 
Light  is  looked  upon  as  destined  to  be  one  of  the 


340  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS  OF    UTAH. 

greatest  gold  producers  in  the  west,  so  vast  are 
its  gold  bearing  bodies,  so  high  the  percentage  of 
gold  and  so  inexpensive  the  cost  of  production  and 
reduction.  A  tunnel  driven  into  the  property  has 
tapped  the  great  bodies  1,300  feet  lower,  and  the 
character  of  ore  is  the  same,  while  it  has  been 
demonstrated  that  the  Northern  Light  is  perhaps 
the  best  ore  for  cyanide  workings  so  far  exposed. 
Tests  have  demonstrated  that  40  per  cent  of  the 
gold  values  can  be  extracted  by  the  application  of 
hot  water  alone. 


Optyir,  Sto^toi},  Dry 

It  is  more  than  likely  that  the  recent  develop- 
ments in  the  Northern  Light  will  do  much  to  cause 
renewed  activity  in  these  old  camps.  The  Ophir 
Hill  has  been  a  steady  producer  for  years,  its  chief 
owners  being  Hon.  Allan  G.  Campbell  and  Col.  E. 
A.  Wall,  the  property,  however,  now  being  managed 
by  Mr.  W.  G.  Nebeker. 

In  days  gone  by  the  camps  yielded  greaf  bodies  of 
ore,  generally  of  low  value.  The  drop  in  silver  and  low 
price  of  lead  have  successfully  deterred  continued 
prosperity.  Now,  however,  that  gold  ores  easily 
yielding  to  the  caynide  process,  and  large  in 
bodies,  have  been  uncovered  in  the  Northern  Light, 
and  because  of  its  proximity  to  the  Mercur'fields,  it 
is  more  than  likely  that  gold  ores  will  be  sought  for 
and  such  discoveries  made  as  will  repeople  the 
district  with  an  energetic  population.  Recently 
prospectors — Messrs.  Austin  and  Willis — have 
invaded  the  mountains  north  of  Stockton  and  west 


MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF   UTAH.  341 

of  Bingham,  on  the  Tooele  valley  side  and  within 
five  miles  of  that  city,  and  have  located  upon  some 
most  promising  ledges,  .  which  they  are  now 
working  on. 


Bide   flVxJ^taitys    District. 


This  district  is  in  San  Juan  County,  in  the 
extreme  southwestern  part  of  the  state.  The  whole 
country  is  rich  in  minerals,  but  owing  to  its  dis- 
tance from  railroad  connection  and  its  rugged 
character,  the  country  has  been  but  slightly  pros- 
pected. Most  work  has  so  far  been  done  on  the 
Gold  Queen,  on  which  a  10-stamp  mill  (with  a  capa- 
city for  20-stamps)  is  at  the  present  time  being 
erected,  together  with  a  tramway,  at  a  cost  of  some 
$15,000.  The  company  has  already  spent  about 
$10,000  in  development  work  alone.  The  ore  is 
gold,  ranging  from  $5  to  $150  to  the  ton,  and  will 
average  about  $15.  The  vein  is  not  very  regular, 
but  there  is  already  on  the  dump  enough  to  justify 
the  erection  of  the  mill  now  being  put  up. 

;;   r\.H.  d.  DININNY, 

ATTORNEY  ^  COUNSELOR   AT  I2AW. 


anfc  General  practice* 

85  COMMERCIAL  BLOCK.  SALT  LAKE  CITY,  UTAH. 


342  MINES,    MINERS   AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 


The  Hardscrabble  district  has  for  many  years 
been  a  small  producer,  Worked  only  in  a  desultory 
way.  During  1896  considerable  work  has  been 
done  on  the  Fowler  Brothers  claims.  During  the 
latter  part  of  August  and  September  a  new  mill 
was  built  on  the  Morgan,  and  twenty  men  are  at 
work.  About  $30,000  has  been  spent  in  develop- 
ment, there  now  being  between  two  and  three  thou- 
sand feet  of  tunnels  exposing  vast  bodies  of  ore 
that  run  as  high  as  $600  in  gold,  silver,  cobalt  and 
platinum.  The  ore  is  free-milling,  and  the  Hard- 
scrabble  and  Morgan  will  be  great  producers  once 
the  mill  is  put  in  operation.  All  the  other  older 
claims  in  the  district  have  been  more  or  less 
developed  during  the  past  year. 


5tat<?  CiQ<?  District. 

The  State  Line  district,  in  Iron  County,  has 
developed  several  very  good  mining  prospects. 
Some  very  rich  gold  and  silver  ore  has  been  found, 
but  up  to  date  not  sufficiently  developed  to  estab- 
lish the  permanency  of  the  veins.  Silver  is  found 
in  porphyry  and  gold  in  trachyte.  The  Offer, 
Burro,  Creole  and  other  claims  show  immense 
values  in  the  ore  down  as  far  as  100  feet  on  the 
veins.  Some  of  the  ore  runs  from  40  ounces  to 
$600  in  silver,  and  from  $40  to  $800  in  gold.  By  the 
time  this  book  is  issued  from  the  press  a  stamp 
mill  will  likely  be  in  operation.  There  are  about 
200  people  in  the  camp,  and  the  future  prospects 
are  flattering. 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.     343 

B^H's  I?ot  Sprigs. 

Among  the  multitudinous  enterprises  fostered, 
promulgated  and  pushed  to  success  by  Mr.  John 
Beck,  are  the  hot  sulphur  springs  which  bear  his 
name.  Not  by  any  means  least  of  his  many  ven- 
tures to  utilize  nature's  handiwork  for  the  general 
welfare  and  benefit  of  Utahnians  and  the  tourist, 
are  these  waters  which  are  used  for  great  good  to 
thousands  annually.  In  his  plans  as  now  in  vogue 
at  Beck's  Hot  Springs,  the  successful  proprietor  has 
builded  a  resort  that  is  daily  growing  in  fame,  and 
will  soon  fulfil  the  original  ideas  of  the  projector. 

The  water  boils  up  from  beneath  a  huge  rock 
and  forms  a  transparent  pool  of  a  bluish  shade. 
From  this  source  the  water  is  piped  for  a  short  dis- 
tance to  the  great  bathing  pavilions  wherein  are 
immense  swimming  pools  for  either  sex  or  for  both. 
Beside  these  pools  are  a  large  number  of  private 
pools  and  bath  tubs,  all  using  the  same  wonderful 
waters.  It  is  a  sanitarium  and  natatorium  unsur- 
passed by  any  in  the  country.  All  the  conveniences 
of  a  first-class  resort  are  present,  and  the  corps  of 
assistants  are  experienced,  courteous  and  ably  as- 
sist the  management  in  successful  operation. 

The  waters  are  known  better  for  their  curative 
properties  than  their  exhilerating  effects  for  bathing. 
The  most  eminent  physicians  pronounce  these  waters  a 
cure  for  rheumatism,  Bright's  disease,  stomach  com- 
plaints, skin  diseases,  lead  poisoning,  etc.  They 
are  used  internally  as  well  as  externally.  Three 
lines  of  railway  pass  the  main  entrance  of  Beck's 
Hot  Springs. 


344      MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH. 

I/tar;  /I\ii^ral   5prii)<$s. 

The  mineral  springs  of  Utah  are  destined  to 
prove  an  important  factor  in  the  future  development 
of  the  new  State.  There  are  many  and  they  are 
located  at  points  widely  apart.  In  the  confines  of 
Salt  Lake  City  are  several  sulphur  springs — the 
White  Sulphur  Springs,  Beck's  Hot  Springs,  and 
the  spring  that  supplies  water  for  the  Sanitarium 
carried  through  pipes  and  delivered  to  extensive  and 
modernly  equipped  baths  in  the  very  heart  of  the 
city  and  within  a  few  minutes'  walk  of  all  the 
hotels.  The  water  of  all  these  springs  is  warm,  the 
temperature,  however,  varying  from  a  point  at 
which  it  is  too  hot  to  be  endured,  to  one  that 
leaves  the  water  a  little  above  lukewarm.  They 
are  excellent  for  skin  diseases,  for  rheumatic  com- 
plaints and  for  relief  from  lead  poisoning — an  afflic- 
tion of  frequent  occurrence  among  miners  employed 
in  the  lead  mines  of  Utah.  Some  remarkable  cures 
have  been  effected  by  bathing  in  the  waters.  They 
are  also  valuable  for  internal  use.  The  Wasatka 
Mineral  Water  Company  supplies  a  table  water 
from  one  of  these  springs  of  such  remarkably  bene- 
ficial effect  that  it  has  sprung  into  prominence  as  a 
prominent  mineral  water,  delightful  to  the  palate, 
devoid  of  offensive  odor  and  a  most  admirable  stom- 
ach corrective.  As  already  stated,  all  these  waters 
— while  differing  in  character,  there  being  three 
springs — are  commended  by  physicians,  and  can  be 
had  for  the  taking  in  a  natural  state. 

In  many  parts  of  the  state  are  salt  springs, 
while  in  Millard  County  is  an  ice  spring — ice  being 


MINES,  MINERS  AND  MINERALS  OF  UTAH.      345 

found  under  the  water  the  year  round.  In  Wasatch 
County  are  what  are  known  as  the  mud  baths, 
sought  by  many  for  the  curative  effects  on  bathers. 
These  are  warm  springs  of  water  bubbling  up  and 
largely  filled  with  a  natural  earth. 

Just  over  the  line  in  Idaho  are  the  famous  Soda 
Springs,  charged  by  nature  with  carbonic  acid  gas. 

In  fact,  throughout  the  whole  of  Utah,  springs 
varying  in  the  minerals  contained,  but  all  possessed 
of  singular  medicinal  properties  for  differing  com- 
plaints, are  to  be  found. 


Clarence  Jones,  J.  H.  Ferris  and  C.  L. 
Dignowity  own  the  Free  Bullion  and  Free  Bullion 
Nos.  1  and  2,  which  lie  nine  miles  up  City  Creek 
Canyon,  on  the  east  slope  from  the  Red  Bird. 
The  ore  carries  70  per  cent  lead,  16  ounces  in 
silver,  and  averages  $2.65  in  gold.  A  100  foot 
tunnel  is  being  run  to  cross  cut  the  vein.  Clarence 
Jones  has  located  the  Texas  just  north  of  these 
claims,  and  is  pushing  the  work  of  development. 


OFFICIAL  REPORTER  EQUITY  BRANCH  THIRD   DIS- 
TRICT COURT.  &  £  <£ 

Reporting  of  Depositions  and  Reference  Gases  a  Specialty, 

COMPETENT  ASSISTANTS  ALWAYS  IN  OFFICE, 


Notary  Public*  &   &   £•   £• 

ROOM    217   A/TI*A<S 


346  MINES,    MINERS    AND   MINERALS   OF  UTAH. 

Early  S/rv?lt<?rs  aijd 


The  first  iron  ore  mined  for  fluxing  purposes 
came  from  West  Mountain,  near  Cedar  Fort,  from 
a  canyon  which  now  supplies  the  Cedar  Fort  popu- 
lation with  water,  and  which  is  near  the  present 
Peepstone  district.  Hon.  T.  R.  Cutler,  and  others 
of  Lehi,  owned  the  claim  and  hauled  the  ores  by 
team  to  the  old  smelter  of  Buell  and  Bateman,  at 
Cottonwood.  The  ore  brought  $40  a  ton  in  those 
days,  but  it  was  claimed  by  the  smelttr  men  that 
the  gold  and  silver  in  the  ores  almost  paid  the  $40. 
Boulders  of  iron  ranging  as  high  as  80  per  cent  in 
iron  were  frequently  found.  The  claim  was 
patented,  and  is  still  owned  by  the  parties  in 
interest. 

Major  Wilkes  also  ran  a  smelter  at  the  mouth 
of  American  Fork  Canyon  in  those  days,  and  paid 
$30  per  ton  for  the  fluxing  ores  delivered  at  Ameri- 
can Fork,  from  which  point  it  was  carried  up  the 
canyon  by  the  railroad  then  operating  there  and  since 
abandoned.  When  the  smelter  closed  thousands  of 
tons  were  left  on  hand,  and  it  may  be  seen  to  this 
day  in  piles  along  the  road  where  it  had  been 
dumped. 

With  tfre  advent  of  the  railroad  into  Tintic  the 
mine  was  closed,  as  teams  could  not  compete 
with  steam. 

The  claim  has  never  again  been  worked  for 
geld,  and  its  proximity  to  Mercur  and  Bingham, 
and  the  claims  of-  -Buell  and  Bateman  might  seem 
to  warrant  a  thorough  examination  of  the  old  and 
abandoned  mine. 


